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Title: Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies

Abstract

As a promising non-precious catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is known to contain active edge sites and an inert basal plane. Activating the MoS2 basal plane could further enhance its HER activity but is not often a strategy for doing so. Herein, we report the first activation and optimization of the basal plane of monolayer 2H-MoS2 for HER by introducing sulphur (S) vacancies and strain. Our theoretical and experimental results show that the S-vacancies are new catalytic sites in the basal plane, where gap states around the Fermi level allow hydrogen to bind directly to exposed Mo atoms. The hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔGH) can be further manipulated by straining the surface with S-vacancies, which fine-tunes the catalytic activity. Furthermore, proper combinations of S-vacancy and strain yield the optimal ΔGH = 0 eV, which allows us to achieve the highest intrinsic HER activity among molybdenum-sulphide-based catalysts.

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [2];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
  2. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  3. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
  4. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy Conversion (CNEEC); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1257223
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 15; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1476-1122
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; chemical engineering; electrocatalysis; two-dimensional materials

Citation Formats

Li, Hong, Tsai, Charlie, Koh, Ai Leen, Cai, Lili, Contryman, Alex W., Fragapane, Alex H., Zhao, Jiheng, Han, Hyun Soon, Manoharan, Hari C., Abild-Pedersen, Frank, Nørskov, Jens K., and Zheng, Xiaolin. Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1038/NMAT4465.
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Li, Hong, Tsai, Charlie, Koh, Ai Leen, Cai, Lili, Contryman, Alex W., Fragapane, Alex H., Zhao, Jiheng, Han, Hyun Soon, Manoharan, Hari C., Abild-Pedersen, Frank, Nørskov, Jens K., & Zheng, Xiaolin. Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/NMAT4465
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Li, Hong, Tsai, Charlie, Koh, Ai Leen, Cai, Lili, Contryman, Alex W., Fragapane, Alex H., Zhao, Jiheng, Han, Hyun Soon, Manoharan, Hari C., Abild-Pedersen, Frank, Nørskov, Jens K., and Zheng, Xiaolin. Mon . "Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/NMAT4465. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1257223.
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@article{osti_1257223,
title = {Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies},
author = {Li, Hong and Tsai, Charlie and Koh, Ai Leen and Cai, Lili and Contryman, Alex W. and Fragapane, Alex H. and Zhao, Jiheng and Han, Hyun Soon and Manoharan, Hari C. and Abild-Pedersen, Frank and Nørskov, Jens K. and Zheng, Xiaolin},
abstractNote = {As a promising non-precious catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is known to contain active edge sites and an inert basal plane. Activating the MoS2 basal plane could further enhance its HER activity but is not often a strategy for doing so. Herein, we report the first activation and optimization of the basal plane of monolayer 2H-MoS2 for HER by introducing sulphur (S) vacancies and strain. Our theoretical and experimental results show that the S-vacancies are new catalytic sites in the basal plane, where gap states around the Fermi level allow hydrogen to bind directly to exposed Mo atoms. The hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔGH) can be further manipulated by straining the surface with S-vacancies, which fine-tunes the catalytic activity. Furthermore, proper combinations of S-vacancy and strain yield the optimal ΔGH = 0 eV, which allows us to achieve the highest intrinsic HER activity among molybdenum-sulphide-based catalysts.},
doi = {10.1038/NMAT4465},
journal = {Nature Materials},
number = 1,
volume = 15,
place = {United States},
year = {2015},
month = {11}
}
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    • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 15
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    Exfoliation, point defects and hydrogen storage properties of monolayer TiS 3 : an ab initio study
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    Recent advances in nanostructured metal nitrides for water splitting
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    Tuning the catalytic activity of heterogeneous two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides for hydrogen evolution
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    Two-dimensional materials as catalysts for solar fuels: hydrogen evolution reaction and CO 2 reduction
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    Atomic (single, double, and triple atoms) catalysis: frontiers, opportunities, and challenges
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    A computational study on Pt and Ru dimers supported on graphene for the hydrogen evolution reaction: new insight into the alkaline mechanism
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    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 8
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    Metal boride better than Pt: HCP Pd 2 B as a superactive hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst
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    • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 10
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    Recent progress of TMD nanomaterials: phase transitions and applications
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    Active site manipulation in MoS 2 cluster electrocatalysts by transition metal doping
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    Toward heterostructured transition metal hybrids with highly promoted electrochemical hydrogen evolution
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    NO reduction over an Al-embedded MoS 2 monolayer: a first-principles study
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    Strain engineering in functional 2-dimensional materials
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    The development of 2D materials for electrochemical energy applications: A mechanistic approach
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    Forces and electronic transport in a contact formed by a graphene tip and a defective MoS 2 monolayer: a theoretical study
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    Synergetic photocatalytic effect between 1 T@2H-MoS 2 and plasmon resonance induced by Ag quantum dots
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    Strain-Enhanced p Doping in Monolayer MoS 2
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    Substrate screening effects on the quasiparticle band gap and defect charge transition levels in MoS 2
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    Key role of antibonding electron transfer in bonding on solid surfaces
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    Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design
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    Synthesis of Z-scheme Mn-CdS/MoS 2 /TiO 2 ternary photocatalysts for high-efficiency sunlight-driven photocatalysis
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    Earth-Abundant Electrocatalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers
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    Self-Assembled Monolayers of Molybdenum Sulfide Clusters on Au Electrode as Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst for Solar Water Splitting
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    Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS 2 nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene
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    MoS x @NiO Composite Nanostructures: An Advanced Nonprecious Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
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    Synergistic Phase and Disorder Engineering in 1T-MoSe 2 Nanosheets for Enhanced Hydrogen-Evolution Reaction
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    Transition Metal-Doped Edge-Terminated MoS 2 Superstructures as Efficient Catalysts for H 2 Production
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    Recent Progress on Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Derivatives for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
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    Reversing Interfacial Catalysis of Ambipolar WSe 2 Single Crystal
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    Rational Control of the Selectivity of a Ruthenium Catalyst for Hydrogenation of 4-Nitrostyrene by Strain Regulation
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    High‐Resolution Electrochemical Mapping of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets
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    Ultrafine Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticles Supported on Molybdenum Oxide Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic Medium
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    The Holy Grail in Platinum‐Free Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts and Recent Advances
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    Synergetic Exfoliation and Lateral Size Engineering of MoS 2 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
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    Edge-Terminated MoS 2 Nanoassembled Electrocatalyst via In Situ Hybridization with 3D Carbon Network
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    Conductive Molybdenum Sulfide for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
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    Unveiling the Interfacial Effects for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on MoS 2 /WTe 2 Hybrid Structures
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    Superior Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance in 2H‐MoS 2 to that of 1T Phase
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    State-of-the-Art Advances and Perspectives for Electrocatalysis
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    Defect engineering of molybdenum disulfide through ion irradiation to boost hydrogen evolution reaction performance
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    Efficient Mechanochemical Preparation of Graphene-Like Molybdenum Disulfide and Graphene-Based Composite Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
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    Engineering surface atomic structure of single-crystal cobalt (II) oxide nanorods for superior electrocatalysis
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    Erratum: Corrigendum: Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies
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    Degradation behaviors and mechanisms of MoS2 crystals relevant to bioabsorbable electronics
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    Defect-enriched iron fluoride-oxide nanoporous thin films bifunctional catalyst for water splitting
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    Boundary activated hydrogen evolution reaction on monolayer MoS2
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    Ultrahigh-current-density niobium disulfide catalysts for hydrogen evolution
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    Lithiation-induced amorphization of Pd3P2S8 for highly efficient hydrogen evolution
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    Atomic-layer soft plasma etching of MoS2
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    Metal-free carbonaceous electrocatalysts and photocatalysts for water splitting
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    Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials: synthesis, applications and future perspectives
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    Preferential horizontal growth of tungsten sulfide on carbon and insight into active sulfur sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction
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    Magnetism in monolayer 1T-MoS 2 and 1T-MoS 2 H tuned by strain
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    Three electron channels toward two types of active sites in MoS 2 @Pt nanosheets for hydrogen evolution
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    Non-equilibrium fractal growth of MoS 2 for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
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    Repairing single and double atomic vacancies in a C 3 N monolayer with CO or NO molecules: a first-principles study
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    Electronic-dimensionality reduction of bulk MoS 2 by hydrogen treatment
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    Rapid flame doping of Co to WS 2 for efficient hydrogen evolution
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    Enhancing the activity of oxygen-evolution and chlorine-evolution electrocatalysts by atomic layer deposition of TiO 2
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    Nanoscale mapping of hydrogen evolution on metallic and semiconducting MoS 2 nanosheets
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    Highly active single-layer MoS 2 catalysts synthesized by swift heavy ion irradiation
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    Influence of the support on stabilizing local defects in strained monolayer oxide films
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    Ultralong needle-like N-doped Co(OH)F on carbon fiber paper with abundant oxygen vacancies as an efficient oxygen evolution reaction catalyst
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    Carbon nanotube-induced phase and stability engineering: a strained cobalt-doped WSe 2 /MWNT heterostructure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
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    A metallic MoS 2 nanosheet array on graphene-protected Ni foam as a highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution cathode
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    Proposal of a stable B 3 S nanosheet as an efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst
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    Hydrogen interaction with a sulfur-vacancy-induced occupied defect state in the electronic band structure of MoS 2
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    Understanding electro-catalysis by using density functional theory
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    Surface intercalated spherical MoS 2x Se 2(1−x) nanocatalysts for highly efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reactions
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    N-Doped amorphous MoS x for the hydrogen evolution reaction
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    Spontaneous full photocatalytic water splitting on 2D MoSe 2 /SnSe 2 and WSe 2 /SnSe 2 vdW heterostructures
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    Boosting the electrocatalytic activity of amorphous molybdenum sulfide nanoflakes via nickel sulfide decoration
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    Defect-mediated selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes on nanostructured WS 2
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    An advanced and highly efficient Ce assisted NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
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    Stringing MOF-derived nanocages: a strategy for the enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
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    Building a lateral/vertical 1T-2H MoS 2 /Au heterostructure for enhanced photoelectrocatalysis and surface enhanced Raman scattering
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    A Co–Mo 2 N composite on a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix with hydrogen evolution activity comparable to that of Pt/C in alkaline media
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    Activating MoS 2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through direct CVD morphology control
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    Engineering two-dimensional metal oxides via surface functionalization for biological applications
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    Achieving half-metallicity in zigzag MoS 2 nanoribbon with a sulfur vacancy by edge passivation
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    Lateral heterostructures and one-dimensional interfaces in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
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    Two-Dimensional Material Molybdenum Disulfides as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
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    Promoting Active Sites in Core-Shell Nanowire Array as Mott-Schottky Electrocatalysts for Efficient and Stable Overall Water Splitting
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    Unveiling Active Sites for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Monolayer MoS 2
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    Vertical 1T-TaS 2 Synthesis on Nanoporous Gold for High-Performance Electrocatalytic Applications
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    Vacancy in Ultrathin 2D Nanomaterials toward Sustainable Energy Application
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    Activating Inert Metallic Compounds for High‐Rate Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Through In Situ Etching of Extrinsic Metal
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    Unveiling Electrochemical Reaction Pathways of CO 2 Reduction to C N Species at S‐Vacancies of MoS 2
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    Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanostructured Materials for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation
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    Overall electrochemical splitting of water at the heterogeneous interface of nickel and iron oxide
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    In-plane interfacing effects of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
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    Nanostructured catalysts for electrochemical water splitting: current state and prospects
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    An experimental and theoretical study of an efficient polymer nano-photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution
    journal, January 2017

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    MoS 2 /TiO 2 heterostructures as nonmetal plasmonic photocatalysts for highly efficient hydrogen evolution
    journal, January 2018

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    Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of 2H-WS 2 for hydrogen evolution via defect engineering
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    Wafer-recyclable, environment-friendly transfer printing for large-scale thin-film nanoelectronics
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    Electronic structure and the hydrogen evolution reaction in layered ReS 2 regulated by alkali-metal atom intercalation
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    Atmospheric Air Plasma Treated SnS Films: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for HER
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    A Type of 1 nm Molybdenum Carbide Confined within Carbon Nanomesh as Highly Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst
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    Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Multinary Layered Metal Chalcogenide Nanomaterials
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    Nitrogen-Doped CoP Electrocatalysts for Coupled Hydrogen Evolution and Sulfur Generation with Low Energy Consumption
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    Enhancing Electrocatalytic Water Splitting by Strain Engineering
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    Air and Water-Stable n-Type Doping and Encapsulation of Flexible MoS 2 Devices with SU8
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    Probing the Electronic Properties of Monolayer MoS 2 via Interaction with Molecular Hydrogen
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    Local Charge Distribution Engineered by Schottky Heterojunctions toward Urea Electrolysis
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    Intercalated Iridium Diselenide Electrocatalysts for Efficient pH‐Universal Water Splitting
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    2 D Materials for Inhibiting the Shuttle Effect in Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
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    Enhanced Gas Sensing Performance of Surface‐Activated MoS 2 Nanosheets Made by Hydrothermal Method with Excess Sulfur Precursor
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    Metallic MoS 2 for High Performance Energy Storage and Energy Conversion
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    Aligned Heterointerface-Induced 1T-MoS 2 Monolayer with Near-Ideal Gibbs Free for Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
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    Multiscale structural and electronic control of molybdenum disulfide foam for highly efficient hydrogen production
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    The role of electronic coupling between substrate and 2D MoS2 nanosheets in electrocatalytic production of hydrogen
    journal, June 2016

    • Voiry, Damien; Fullon, Raymond; Yang, Jieun
    • Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1038/nmat4660

    The rapid electrochemical activation of MoTe2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction
    journal, October 2019

    Polymorphic cobalt diselenide as extremely stable electrocatalyst in acidic media via a phase-mixing strategy
    journal, November 2019

    Engineering grain boundaries at the 2D limit for the hydrogen evolution reaction
    journal, January 2020

    Spontaneous doping of the basal plane of MoS2 single layers through oxygen substitution under ambient conditions
    journal, September 2018

    Theory-guided design of catalytic materials using scaling relationships and reactivity descriptors
    journal, November 2019

    Vacancies in functional materials for clean energy storage and harvesting: the perfect imperfection
    journal, January 2017

    • Li, Guowei; Blake, Graeme R.; Palstra, Thomas T. M.
    • Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 46, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00571c

    Design, synthesis, and energy-related applications of metal sulfides
    journal, January 2016

    • Liu, Yongchang; Li, Yang; Kang, Hongyan
    • Materials Horizons, Vol. 3, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1039/c6mh00075d

    p-Type transition-metal doping of large-area MoS 2 thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition
    journal, January 2017

    Electrocatalysis of polysulfide conversion by sulfur-deficient MoS 2 nanoflakes for lithium–sulfur batteries
    journal, January 2017

    • Lin, Haibin; Yang, Liuqing; Jiang, Xi
    • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1039/c7ee01047h

    Highly active two dimensional α-MoO 3−x for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
    journal, January 2017

    • Datta, R. S.; Haque, F.; Mohiuddin, M.
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 46
    • DOI: 10.1039/c7ta07705j

    Molybdenum sulfide clusters immobilized on defective graphene: a stable catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
    journal, January 2018

    • Ouyang, Yixin; Li, Qiang; Shi, Li
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1039/c7ta09828f

    Oxygen incorporated WS 2 nanoclusters with superior electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution reaction
    journal, January 2018

    • Sarma, Prasad V.; Tiwary, Chandra Sekhar; Radhakrishnan, Sruthi
    • Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 20
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00253c

    Nitrogen-rich 1T′-MoS 2 layered nanostructures using alkyl amines for high catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution
    journal, January 2018

    • Kwak, In Hye; Kwon, Ik Seon; Abbas, Hafiz Ghulam
    • Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 30
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03661f

    Electrochemical activity of 1T′ structured rhenium selenide nanosheets via electronic structural modulation from selenium-vacancy generation
    journal, January 2018

    • Sun, Yuan; Meng, Jie; Ju, Huanxin
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 45
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta06889e

    Facile microwave assisted synthesis of vastly edge exposed 1T/2H-MoS 2 with enhanced activity for hydrogen evolution catalysis
    journal, January 2019

    • Lee, Young Bum; Kim, Seong K.; Ji, Seulgi
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta12080c

    Anionic defect engineering of transition metal oxides for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions
    journal, January 2019

    • Zhu, Yunmin; Liu, Xi; Jin, Shiguang
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 11
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta12477a

    Optimizing the surface state of cobalt-iron bimetallic phosphide via regulating phosphorus vacancies
    journal, January 2020

    • Li, Shuang; Geng, Zhibin; Wang, Xiyang
    • Chemical Communications, Vol. 56, Issue 17
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09741d

    Probing the active sites of newly predicted stable Janus scandium dichalcogenides for photocatalytic water-splitting
    journal, January 2019

    • Yang, Xiaoyong; Banerjee, Amitava; Ahuja, Rajeev
    • Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 18
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01014a

    Unique interfacial thermodynamics of few-layer 2D MoS 2 for (photo)electrochemical catalysis
    journal, January 2019

    • Carroll, Gerard Michael; Zhang, Hanyu; Dunklin, Jeremy R.
    • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ee00513g

    Temperature-regulated reversible transformation of spinel-to-oxyhydroxide active species for electrocatalytic water oxidation
    journal, January 2020

    • Zhou, Tingli; Wang, Changhong; Shi, Yanmei
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta12200a

    Defect-engineered MoS 2 with extended photoluminescence lifetime for high-performance hydrogen evolution
    journal, January 2019

    • Kang, Sangmin; Koo, Ja-Jung; Seo, Hongmin
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 33
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9tc02256b

    Hydrogen interaction with selectively desulfurized MoS 2 surface using Ne + sputtering
    journal, February 2019

    • Han, Sang Wook; Cha, Gi-Beom; Kang, Manil
    • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5079281

    Single-layer 1 T ′-MoS 2 under electron irradiation from ab initio molecular dynamics
    journal, March 2018

    Large Spin-Orbit Splitting of Deep In-Gap Defect States of Engineered Sulfur Vacancies in Monolayer WS 2
    journal, August 2019

    Weyl Semimetals as Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts
    journal, March 2017

    • Rajamathi, Catherine R.; Gupta, Uttam; Kumar, Nitesh
    • Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 19
    • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606202

    Preparation of High-Percentage 1T-Phase Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanodots for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
    journal, January 2018

    • Tan, Chaoliang; Luo, Zhimin; Chaturvedi, Apoorva
    • Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705509

    The Atomic Circus: Small Electron Beams Spotlight Advanced Materials Down to the Atomic Scale
    journal, October 2018

    Morphology‐Controlled Metal Sulfides and Phosphides for Electrochemical Water Splitting
    journal, February 2019

    • Joo, Jinwhan; Kim, Taekyung; Lee, Jaeyoung
    • Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 14
    • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806682

    Metallic Twin Boundaries Boost the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on the Basal Plane of Molybdenum Selenotellurides
    journal, April 2018

    • Kosmala, Tomasz; Coy Diaz, Horacio; Komsa, Hannu-Pekka
    • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 20
    • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201800031

    Electrochemical generation of sulfur vacancies in the basal plane of MoS2 for hydrogen evolution
    journal, April 2017

    • Tsai, Charlie; Li, Hong; Park, Sangwook
    • Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15113

    Identifying substitutional oxygen as a prolific point defect in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
    journal, July 2019

    Balancing hydrogen adsorption/desorption by orbital modulation for efficient hydrogen evolution catalysis
    journal, September 2019

    Molybdenum disulfide and Au ultrasmall nanohybrids as highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction
    journal, January 2017

    • Zhang, Jinxuan; Wang, Tanyuan; Liu, Lu
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1039/c6ta10385e

    Atomic layer deposited molybdenum disulfide on Si photocathodes for highly efficient photoelectrochemical water reduction reaction
    journal, January 2017

    • Oh, Seungtaeg; Kim, Jun Beom; Song, Jun Tae
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 7
    • DOI: 10.1039/c6ta10707a

    Phosphorus-Mo 2 C@carbon nanowires toward efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution: composition, structural and electronic regulation
    journal, January 2017

    • Shi, Zhangping; Nie, Kaiqi; Shao, Zheng-Jiang
    • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1039/c7ee00388a

    Hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis with binary-nonmetal transition metal compounds
    journal, January 2017

    • Hu, Jue; Zhang, Chengxu; Meng, Xiangyue
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 13
    • DOI: 10.1039/c7ta00743d

    Pulsed laser deposition of single-layer MoS 2 on Au(111): from nanosized crystals to large-area films
    journal, January 2019

    • Tumino, Francesco; Casari, Carlo S.; Passoni, Matteo
    • Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8na00126j

    Sulfur-doped graphene/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructured hybrids with electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction
    journal, January 2019

    • Kagkoura, Antonia; Pelaez-Fernandez, Mario; Arenal, Raul
    • Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8na00130h

    Synergistic modulation in MX 2 (where M = Mo or W or V, and X = S or Se) for an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
    journal, January 2018

    • Wang, Ran; Han, Jiecai; Zhang, Xinghong
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 44
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta05912h

    Arising synergetic and antagonistic effects in the design of Ni- and Ru-based water splitting electrocatalysts
    journal, January 2019

    • Marques Mota, Filipe; Choi, Chi Hun; Boppella, Ramireddy
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta08535h

    Mechanical instability driven self-assembly and architecturing of 2D materials
    journal, March 2017

    Direct and continuous strain control of catalysts with tunable battery electrode materials
    journal, November 2016

    Surface Modulation of Hierarchical MoS 2 Nanosheets by Ni Single Atoms for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
    journal, October 2018

    • Zhang, Huabin; Yu, Le; Chen, Tao
    • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 51
    • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201807086

    Nanoscale Selective Passivation of Electrodes Contacting a 2D Semiconductor
    journal, December 2019

    • Lihter, Martina; Graf, Michael; Iveković, Damir
    • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201907860

    Superior Chemical Sensing Performance of Black Phosphorus: Comparison with MoS 2 and Graphene
    journal, June 2016

    • Cho, Soo-Yeon; Lee, Youhan; Koh, Hyeong-Jun
    • Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 32
    • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601167

    Rhenium-Doped and Stabilized MoS 2 Atomic Layers with Basal-Plane Catalytic Activity
    journal, October 2018

    • Yang, Shi-Ze; Gong, Yongji; Manchanda, Priyanka
    • Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 51
    • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803477

    Engineering MoS 2 Basal Planes for Hydrogen Evolution via Synergistic Ruthenium Doping and Nanocarbon Hybridization
    journal, March 2019

    Negative Charging of Transition‐Metal Phosphides via Strong Electronic Coupling for Destabilization of Alkaline Water
    journal, July 2019

    MoS 2 Quantum Dots@TiO 2 Nanotube Arrays: An Extended-Spectrum-Driven Photocatalyst for Solar Hydrogen Evolution
    journal, May 2018

    High-Sulfur-Vacancy Amorphous Molybdenum Sulfide as a High Current Electrocatalyst in Hydrogen Evolution
    journal, August 2016

    Emerging 0D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides for Sensors, Biomedicine, and Clean Energy
    journal, June 2017

    Structure design of CeO2–MoS2 composites and their efficient activity for imine synthesis
    journal, July 2019

    Coordination polymer structure and revisited hydrogen evolution catalytic mechanism for amorphous molybdenum sulfide
    journal, March 2016

    • Tran, Phong D.; Tran, Thu V.; Orio, Maylis
    • Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1038/nmat4588

    Low-dimensional catalysts for hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction
    journal, January 2018

    • Voiry, Damien; Shin, Hyeon Suk; Loh, Kian Ping
    • Nature Reviews Chemistry, Vol. 2, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41570-017-0105

    Salt-template-assisted synthesis of robust 3D honeycomb-like structured MoS 2 and its application as a lithium-ion battery anode
    journal, January 2016

    • Zhou, Jingwen; Qin, Jian; Zhao, Naiqin
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 22
    • DOI: 10.1039/c6ta02565j

    A vacancy-driven phase transition in MoX 2 (X: S, Se and Te) nanoscrolls
    journal, January 2018

    • Hwang, Da Young; Choi, Kyoung Hwan; Suh, Dong Hack
    • Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 17
    • DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08634b

    Molybdenum diboride nanoparticles as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
    journal, January 2017

    • Jothi, Palani R.; Zhang, Yuemei; Scheifers, Jan P.
    • Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 1, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1039/c7se00397h

    Mutually beneficial Co 3 O 4 @MoS 2 heterostructures as a highly efficient bifunctional catalyst for electrochemical overall water splitting
    journal, January 2018

    • Liu, Jia; Wang, Jinsong; Zhang, Bao
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1039/c7ta10048e

    Intercalation of aromatic amine for the 2H–1T′ phase transition of MoS 2 by experiments and calculations
    journal, January 2018

    • Kwon, Ik Seon; Kwak, In Hye; Abbas, Hafiz Ghulam
    • Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 24
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02365d

    Molybdenum carbide nanoparticle decorated hierarchical tubular carbon superstructures with vertical nanosheet arrays for efficient hydrogen evolution
    journal, January 2018

    • Xu, Zhixiao; Zhang, Guangfeng; Lu, Chenbao
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 39
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta06278a

    Transition metal modification and carbon vacancy promoted Cr 2 CO 2 (MXenes): a new opportunity for a highly active catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
    journal, January 2018

    • Cheng, Yu-Wen; Dai, Jian-Hong; Zhang, Yu-Min
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 42
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta07749e

    Intercalated complexes of 1T′-MoS 2 nanosheets with alkylated phenylenediamines as excellent catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution
    journal, January 2019

    • Kwak, In Hye; Kwon, Ik Seon; Abbas, Hafiz Ghulam
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta11085a

    Vacancy-engineered catalysts for water electrolysis
    journal, January 2020

    • Choi, Songa; Park, Yeji; Yang, Heesu
    • CrystEngComm, Vol. 22, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01883b

    Strain and defect engineered monolayer Ni-MoS 2 for pH-universal hydrogen evolution catalysis
    journal, January 2019

    • Liang, Dan; Zhang, Yong-Wei; Lu, Pengfei
    • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 39
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06541e

    Activated basal planes of WS 2 by intrinsic defects as catalysts for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction
    journal, January 2019

    • Yao, Xue; Chen, Zhiwen; Wang, Yaru
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 45
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta10050d

    Mo 2 C/graphene heterostructures: low temperature chemical vapor deposition on liquid bimetallic Sn–Cu and hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalytic properties
    journal, January 2019

    • Chaitoglou, Stefanos; Giannakopoulou, Tatiana; Speliotis, Thanassis
    • Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf9e8

    Size-dependent optical properties of MoS 2 nanoparticles and their photo-catalytic applications
    journal, January 2020

    • Bhattacharya, Didhiti; Mukherjee, Subhrajit; Mitra, Rajib Kumar
    • Nanotechnology, Vol. 31, Issue 14
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab61ce
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