Conceptual designs of two petawatt-class pulsed-power accelerators for high-energy-density-physics experiments

Stygar, W. A.; Awe, T. J.; Bennett, N L; Breden, E. W.; Campbell, E. M.; Clark, R. E.; Cooper, R. A.; Cuneo, M. E.; Ennis, J. B.; Fehl, D. L.; Genoni, T. C.; Gomez, M. R.; Greiser, G. W.; Gruner, F. R.; Herrmann, M. C.; Hutsel, B. T.; Jennings, C. A.; Jobe, D. O.; Jones, B. M.; Jones, M. C.; Jones, P. A.; Knapp, P. F.; Lash, J. S.; LeChien, K. R.; Leckbee, J. J.; Leeper, R. J.; Lewis, S. A.; Long, F. W.; Lucero, D. J.; Madrid, E. A.; Martin, M. R.; Matzen, M. K.; Mazarakis, M. G.; McBride, R. D.; McKee, G. R.; Miller, C. L.; Moore, J. K.; Mostrom, C. B.; Mulville, T. D.; Peterson, K. J.; Porter, J. L.; Reisman, D. B.; Rochau, G. A.; Rochau, G. E.; Rose, D. V.; Savage, M. E.; Sceiford, M. E.; Schmit, P. F.; Schneider, R. F.; Schwarz, J.; Sefkow, A. B.; Sinars, D. B.; Slutz, S. A.; Spielman, R. B.; Stoltzfus, B. S.; Thoma, C.; Vesey, R. A.; Wakeland, P. E.; Welch, D. R.; Wisher, M. L.; Woodworth, J. R.; Bailey, J. E.; Rovang, D. C.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.110401

Title: Conceptual designs of two petawatt-class pulsed-power accelerators for high-energy-density-physics experiments

Journal Article · 29 November 2015 · Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beams

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.110401 · OSTI ID:1256436

Stygar, W. A. ^[1]; Awe, T. J. ^[1]; Bennett, N L ^[2]; Breden, E. W. ^[1]; Campbell, E. M. ^[3]; Clark, R. E. ^[4]; Cooper, R. A. ^[5]; Cuneo, M. E. ^[1]; Ennis, J. B. ^[6]; Fehl, D. L. ^[1]; Genoni, T. C. ^[4]; Gomez, M. R. ^[1]; Greiser, G. W. ^[7]; Gruner, F. R. ^[8]; Herrmann, M. C. ^[9]; Hutsel, B. T. ^[1]; Jennings, C. A. ^[1]; Jobe, D. O. ^[10]; Jones, B. M. ^[1]; Jones, M. C. ^[1] more »

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
National Security Technologies, Las Vegas, NV (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States)
Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
NWL Capacitor Division, Snow Hill, NC (United States)
CSI Technologies, Vista, CA (United States)
Kinetech Corp., Cedar Crest, NM (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Tech Source Consulting, Ashburn, VA (United States)
National Nuclear Security Administration, Washington, D.C. (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Idaho State Univ., Pocatello, ID (United States)

Here, we have developed conceptual designs of two petawatt-class pulsed-power accelerators: Z 300 and Z 800. The designs are based on an accelerator architecture that is founded on two concepts: single-stage electrical-pulse compression and impedance matching [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10, 030401 (2007)]. The prime power source of each machine consists of 90 linear-transformer-driver (LTD) modules. Each module comprises LTD cavities connected electrically in series, each of which is powered by 5-GW LTD bricks connected electrically in parallel. (A brick comprises a single switch and two capacitors in series.) Six water-insulated radial-transmission-line impedance transformers transport the power generated by the modules to a six-level vacuum-insulator stack. The stack serves as the accelerator’s water-vacuum interface. The stack is connected to six conical outer magnetically insulated vacuum transmission lines (MITLs), which are joined in parallel at a 10-cm radius by a triple-post-hole vacuum convolute. The convolute sums the electrical currents at the outputs of the six outer MITLs, and delivers the combined current to a single short inner MITL. The inner MITL transmits the combined current to the accelerator’s physics-package load. Z 300 is 35 m in diameter and stores 48 MJ of electrical energy in its LTD capacitors. The accelerator generates 320 TW of electrical power at the output of the LTD system, and delivers 48 MA in 154 ns to a magnetized-liner inertial-fusion (MagLIF) target [Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)]. The peak electrical power at the MagLIF target is 870 TW, which is the highest power throughout the accelerator. Power amplification is accomplished by the centrally located vacuum section, which serves as an intermediate inductive-energy-storage device. The principal goal of Z 300 is to achieve thermonuclear ignition; i.e., a fusion yield that exceeds the energy transmitted by the accelerator to the liner. 2D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations suggest Z 300 will deliver 4.3 MJ to the liner, and achieve a yield on the order of 18 MJ. Z 800 is 52 m in diameter and stores 130 MJ. This accelerator generates 890 TW at the output of its LTD system, and delivers 65 MA in 113 ns to a MagLIF target. The peak electrical power at the MagLIF liner is 2500 TW. The principal goal of Z 800 is to achieve high-yield thermonuclear fusion; i.e., a yield that exceeds the energy initially stored by the accelerator’s capacitors. 2D MHD simulations suggest Z 800 will deliver 8.0 MJ to the liner, and achieve a yield on the order of 440 MJ. Z 300 and Z 800, or variations of these accelerators, will allow the international high-energy-density-physics community to conduct advanced inertial-confinement-fusion, radiation-physics, material-physics, and laboratory-astrophysics experiments over heretofore-inaccessible parameter regimes.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1256436

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-687467; SAND2015-7184J; Journal Serial ID: ISSN 1098-4402 PRABFM

Journal Information:: Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beams, Journal Name: Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beams Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 18

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Experimental observation of the stratified electrothermal instability on aluminum with thickness greater than a skin depth Hutchinson, T. M.; Awe, T. J.; Bauer, B. S. Physical Review E, Vol. 97, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.97.053208	journal	May 2018
Reliability Modelling and Evaluation for LTD System Based on Load-Sharing Model Chu, Jiayun; Zhao, Tingdi; Jiao, Jian Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245528	journal	December 2019
Retrospective of the ARPA-E ALPHA fusion program Nehl, C. L.; Umstattd, R. J.; Regan, W. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.09921	text	January 2019

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