Low-energy enhancement in the γ -ray strength functions of Ge73,74

Renstrom, T.; Nyhus, H. -T.; Utsunomiya, H.; Schwengner, R.; Goriely, S.; Larsen, A. C.; Filipescu, D. M.; Gheorghe, I.; Bernstein, L. A.; Bleuel, D. L.; Glodariu, T.; Gorgen, A.; Guttormsen, M.; Hagen, T. W.; Kheswa, B. V.; Lui, Y. -W.; Negi, D.; Ruud, I. E.; Shima, T.; Siem, S.; Takahisa, K.; Tesileanu, O.; Tornyi, T. G.; Tveten, G. M.; Wiedeking, M.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.93.064302

Title: Low-energy enhancement in the $γ$ -ray strength functions of ${}^{73, 74}{Ge}$

Abstract

Here, t≤he γ-ray strength functions and level densities of ^73,74Ge have been extracted up to the neutron-separation energy S_n from particle-γ coincidence data using the Oslo method. Moreover, the γ-ray strength function of ⁷⁴Ge above S_n has been determined from photoneutron measurements; hence these two experiments cover the range of Eγ ≈ 1–13 MeV for ⁷⁴Ge. The obtained data show that both ^73,74Ge display an increase in strength at low γ energies. The experimental γ-ray strength functions are compared with M1 strength functions deduced from average B(M1) values calculated within the shell model for a large number of transitions. The observed low-energy enhancements in ^73,74Ge are adopted in the calculations of the ^72,73Ge(n,γ) cross sections, where there are no direct experimental data. Calculated reaction rates for more neutron-rich germanium isotopes are shown to be strongly dependent on the presence of the low-energy enhancement.

Authors:

Renstrom, T. ^[1]; Nyhus, H. -T. ^[1]; Utsunomiya, H. ^[2]; Schwengner, R. ^[3]; Goriely, S. ^[4]; Larsen, A. C. ^[1]; Filipescu, D. M. ^[5]; Gheorghe, I. ^[5]; Bernstein, L. A. ^[6]; Bleuel, D. L. ^[6]; Glodariu, T. ^[7]; Gorgen, A. ^[1]; Guttormsen, M. ^[1]; Hagen, T. W. ^[1]; Kheswa, B. V. ^[8]; Lui, Y. -W. ^[9]; Negi, D. ^[10]; Ruud, I. E. ^[1]; Shima, T. ^[11]; Siem, S. ^[1] more »

Univ. of Oslo (Norway). Dept. of Physics
Konan Univ., Kobe (Japan). Dept. of Physics
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany). Inst. of Radiation Physics
Free Univ. of Brussels, Campus of the Plain, Brussels (Belgium). Inst. of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Horia Hulubei National Inst. of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest-Magurele (Romania). Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Horia Hulubei National Inst. of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest-Magurele (Romania)
iThemba LABS, Somerset West (South Africa)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Cyclotron Inst.
iThemba LABS, Somerset West (South Africa); Mumbai Univ. Vidyanagari Campus (India). Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
Osaka Univ., Suita (Japan). Research Center for Nuclear Physics
Univ. of Oslo (Norway). Dept. of Physics; MTA Atomki, Debrecen (Hungary)

Publication Date:: Thu Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Univ. of Oslo (Norway); Research Council of Norway; European Research Council (ERC); National Research Foundation (NRF) (South Africa); European Union (EU); Government of Romania; National Fund for Scientific Research (NFSR)

OSTI Identifier:: 1429351

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1255347

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; 210007; 205528; 637686; 92789; 78766; AC52-07NA27344

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 93; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS; 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; electromagnetic transitions; energy levels and level densities; spectrometers and spectroscopic techniques; 59 ≤ A ≤ 89

Citation Formats


                    Renstrom, T., Nyhus, H. -T., Utsunomiya, H., Schwengner, R., Goriely, S., Larsen, A. C., Filipescu, D. M., Gheorghe, I., Bernstein, L. A., Bleuel, D. L., Glodariu, T., Gorgen, A., Guttormsen, M., Hagen, T. W., Kheswa, B. V., Lui, Y. -W., Negi, D., Ruud, I. E., Shima, T., Siem, S., Takahisa, K., Tesileanu, O., Tornyi, T. G., Tveten, G. M., and Wiedeking, M. Low-energy enhancement in the γ -ray strength functions of Ge73,74.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.93.064302.

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                    Renstrom, T., Nyhus, H. -T., Utsunomiya, H., Schwengner, R., Goriely, S., Larsen, A. C., Filipescu, D. M., Gheorghe, I., Bernstein, L. A., Bleuel, D. L., Glodariu, T., Gorgen, A., Guttormsen, M., Hagen, T. W., Kheswa, B. V., Lui, Y. -W., Negi, D., Ruud, I. E., Shima, T., Siem, S., Takahisa, K., Tesileanu, O., Tornyi, T. G., Tveten, G. M., & Wiedeking, M. Low-energy enhancement in the γ -ray strength functions of Ge73,74.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.064302

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                    Renstrom, T., Nyhus, H. -T., Utsunomiya, H., Schwengner, R., Goriely, S., Larsen, A. C., Filipescu, D. M., Gheorghe, I., Bernstein, L. A., Bleuel, D. L., Glodariu, T., Gorgen, A., Guttormsen, M., Hagen, T. W., Kheswa, B. V., Lui, Y. -W., Negi, D., Ruud, I. E., Shima, T., Siem, S., Takahisa, K., Tesileanu, O., Tornyi, T. G., Tveten, G. M., and Wiedeking, M. Thu .  
"Low-energy enhancement in the γ -ray strength functions of Ge73,74".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.064302.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1429351.

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@article{osti_1429351,

  title        = {Low-energy enhancement in the γ -ray strength functions of Ge73,74},

  author       = {Renstrom, T. and Nyhus, H. -T. and Utsunomiya, H. and Schwengner, R. and Goriely, S. and Larsen, A. C. and Filipescu, D. M. and Gheorghe, I. and Bernstein, L. A. and Bleuel, D. L. and Glodariu, T. and Gorgen, A. and Guttormsen, M. and Hagen, T. W. and Kheswa, B. V. and Lui, Y. -W. and Negi, D. and Ruud, I. E. and Shima, T. and Siem, S. and Takahisa, K. and Tesileanu, O. and Tornyi, T. G. and Tveten, G. M. and Wiedeking, M.},

  abstractNote = {Here, t≤he γ-ray strength functions and level densities of 73,74Ge have been extracted up to the neutron-separation energy Sn from particle-γ coincidence data using the Oslo method. Moreover, the γ-ray strength function of 74Ge above Sn has been determined from photoneutron measurements; hence these two experiments cover the range of Eγ ≈ 1–13 MeV for 74Ge. The obtained data show that both 73,74Ge display an increase in strength at low γ energies. The experimental γ-ray strength functions are compared with M1 strength functions deduced from average B(M1) values calculated within the shell model for a large number of transitions. The observed low-energy enhancements in 73,74Ge are adopted in the calculations of the 72,73Ge(n,γ) cross sections, where there are no direct experimental data. Calculated reaction rates for more neutron-rich germanium isotopes are shown to be strongly dependent on the presence of the low-energy enhancement.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.93.064302},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 93,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Thu Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Consolidating the concept of low-energy magnetic dipole decay radiation
text, January 2018

Midtbø, J. E.; Larsen, A. C.; Renstrøm, T.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1807.04036

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Title: Low-energy enhancement in the γ -ray strength functions of Ge 73 , 74

Abstract

Citation Formats

Neutron Cross Sections for Nucleosynthesis Studies journal, September 2000

Large Enhancement of Radiative Strength for Soft Transitions in the Quasicontinuum journal, September 2004

Level densities and γ -ray strength functions in Sn isotopes journal, June 2010

RIPL – Reference Input Parameter Library for Calculation of Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Data Evaluations journal, December 2009

Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Nuclear Mass Formulas: Crossing the 0.6 MeV Accuracy Threshold with Microscopically Deduced Pairing journal, April 2009

Photoneutron cross sections for neodymium isotopes: Toward a unified understanding of ( γ , n ) and ( n , γ ) reactions in the rare earth region journal, January 2015

Photoneutron cross sections for samarium isotopes: Toward a unified understanding of ( γ , n ) and ( n , γ ) reactions in the rare earth region journal, December 2014

Large-scale QRPA calculation of E1-strength and its impact on the neutron capture cross section journal, July 2002

Extraction of thermal and electromagnetic properties in Ti 45 journal, October 2009

Validity of the Generalized Brink-Axel Hypothesis in Np 238 journal, January 2016

The SiRi particle-telescope system journal, August 2011

Low-energy behavior of E 2 strength functions journal, December 2014

Measurements for the energy and flux of laser Compton scattering γ-ray photons generated in an electron storage ring: NewSUBARU journal, June 2010

Geant4 developments and applications journal, February 2006

A Composite Nuclear-Level Density Formula with Shell Corrections journal, August 1965

Microcanonical entropies and radiative strength functions of V 50 , 51 journal, June 2006

Statistical Gamma-Decay at Low Angular Momentum journal, January 1990

Experimental energy-dependent nuclear spin distributions journal, November 2009

Compilation of giant electric dipole resonances built on excited states journal, July 2007

Large Low-Energy M 1 Strength for Fe 56 , 57 within the Nuclear Shell Model journal, December 2014

Spin- and Parity-Resolved Level Densities from the Fine Structure of Giant Resonances journal, November 2007

The first generation of γ-rays from hot nuclei journal, April 1987

Combinatorial nuclear level densities based on the Gogny nucleon-nucleon effective interaction journal, October 2001

Nuclear level density and γ -ray strength function of 43 Sc journal, June 2012

The unfolding of continuum γ-ray spectra journal, June 1996

A study of the photoneutron contribution to the giant dipole resonance of nuclei in the 64 ≦ A ≦ 86 mass region journal, February 1976

Test of gamma-ray strength functions in nuclear reaction model calculations journal, May 1990

Electric Dipole Ground-State Transition Width Strength Function and 7-Mev Photon Interactions journal, April 1962

Novel technique for Constraining r -Process ( n , γ ) Reaction Rates journal, December 2014

Nuclear level densities and γ-ray strength functions in Sc 44 , 45 journal, October 2007

Evidence for the Dipole Nature of the Low-Energy γ Enhancement in Fe 56 journal, December 2013

Dipole strength distribution of Ge 74 journal, October 2015

RITSSCHIL, a new program for shell-model calculations journal, December 1985

Absolute photoneutron cross sections for Zr, I, Pr, Au, and Pb journal, October 1987

Microscopic HFB + QRPA predictions of dipole strength for astrophysics applications journal, July 2004

Experimental First Order Pairing Phase Transition in Atomic Nuclei journal, February 2015

Atlas of photoneutron cross sections obtained with monoenergetic photons journal, March 1988

Fermi’s golden rule applied to the γ decay in the quasicontinuum of Ti 46 journal, January 2011

Impact of a low-energy enhancement in the γ -ray strength function on the neutron-capture cross section journal, July 2010

Local and global nucleon optical models from 1 keV to 200 MeV journal, January 2003

Experimental level densities of atomic nuclei journal, December 2015

Level density and γ -ray strength function in the odd-odd Np 238 nucleus journal, April 2014

Extraction of level density and γ strength function from primary γ spectra journal, June 2000

Low-Energy Enhancement of Magnetic Dipole Radiation journal, December 2013

Radiative strength functions in Mo 93 − 98 journal, April 2005

Several-MeV γ-ray generation at NewSUBARU by laser Compton backscattering journal, April 2009

A new method in gamma-ray spectroscopy: A two crystal scintillation spectrometer with improved resolution journal, August 1958

Improved microscopic nuclear level densities within the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov plus combinatorial method journal, December 2008

A statistical analysis of excited nuclear states journal, May 1959

Primary γ -ray spectra in 44 Ti of astrophysical interest journal, January 2012

Global microscopic nuclear level densities within the HFB plus combinatorial method for practical applications journal, November 2006

Measurements of the giant dipole resonance with monoenergetic photons journal, July 1975

The statistical model and nuclear level densities journal, October 1960

Low-energy limit of the radiative dipole strength in nuclei journal, September 2013

γ -ray strength function and pygmy resonance in rare earth nuclei journal, March 2001

Low-energy tail of the giant dipole resonance in Mo 98 and Mo 100 deduced from photon-scattering experiments journal, June 2008

Analysis of possible systematic errors in the Oslo method journal, March 2011

Determination of the number of pulsed laser-Compton scattering photons journal, December 2011

The s process: Nuclear physics, stellar models, and observations journal, April 2011

The r-process of stellar nucleosynthesis: Astrophysics and nuclear physics achievements and mysteries journal, September 2007

Lane-consistent, semimicroscopic nucleon-nucleus optical model journal, January 2001

Low-Energy Enhancement in the Photon Strength of Mo 95 journal, April 2012

The r-process of stellar nucleosynthesis: Astrophysics and nuclear physics achievements and mysteries text, January 2007

Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov nuclear mass formulas: Crossing the 0.6 MeV threshold with microscopically deduced pairing text, January 2009

Analysis of possible systematic errors in the Oslo method text, January 2012

Gamma-ray strength function and pygmy resonance in rare earth nuclei text, January 2000

Large enhancement of radiative strength for soft transisitons in the quasicontinuum text, January 2004

Compilation of Giant Electric Dipole Resonances Built on Excited States text, January 2006

Extraction of level density and gamma strength function from primary gamma spectra text, January 1999

Large-scale QRPA calculation of E1-strength and its impact on the neutron capture cross section text, January 2002

Microscopic HFB+QRPA predictions of dipole strength for astrophysics applications text, January 2003

Low-energy enhancement and fluctuations of γ -ray strength functions in 56,57 Fe: test of the Brink–Axel hypothesis journal, April 2017

Reference database for photon strength functions journal, October 2019

Consolidating the concept of low-energy magnetic dipole decay radiation text, January 2018

Title: Low-energy enhancement in the $γ$ -ray strength functions of ${}^{73, 74}{Ge}$

Neutron Cross Sections for Nucleosynthesis Studies
journal, September 2000

Large Enhancement of Radiative Strength for Soft Transitions in the Quasicontinuum
journal, September 2004

Level densities and $γ$ -ray strength functions in Sn isotopes
journal, June 2010

RIPL – Reference Input Parameter Library for Calculation of Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Data Evaluations
journal, December 2009

Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Nuclear Mass Formulas: Crossing the 0.6 MeV Accuracy Threshold with Microscopically Deduced Pairing
journal, April 2009

Photoneutron cross sections for neodymium isotopes: Toward a unified understanding of $(γ, n)$ and $(n, γ)$ reactions in the rare earth region
journal, January 2015

Photoneutron cross sections for samarium isotopes: Toward a unified understanding of $(γ, n)$ and $(n, γ)$ reactions in the rare earth region
journal, December 2014

Large-scale QRPA calculation of E1-strength and its impact on the neutron capture cross section
journal, July 2002

Extraction of thermal and electromagnetic properties in ${}^{45}{Ti}$
journal, October 2009

Validity of the Generalized Brink-Axel Hypothesis in ${}^{238}{Np}$
journal, January 2016

The SiRi particle-telescope system
journal, August 2011

Low-energy behavior of $E 2$ strength functions
journal, December 2014

Measurements for the energy and flux of laser Compton scattering γ-ray photons generated in an electron storage ring: NewSUBARU
journal, June 2010

Geant4 developments and applications
journal, February 2006

A Composite Nuclear-Level Density Formula with Shell Corrections
journal, August 1965

Microcanonical entropies and radiative strength functions of ${}^{50, 51}V$
journal, June 2006

Statistical Gamma-Decay at Low Angular Momentum
journal, January 1990

Experimental energy-dependent nuclear spin distributions
journal, November 2009

Compilation of giant electric dipole resonances built on excited states
journal, July 2007

Large Low-Energy $M 1$ Strength for ${}^{56, 57}{Fe}$ within the Nuclear Shell Model
journal, December 2014

Spin- and Parity-Resolved Level Densities from the Fine Structure of Giant Resonances
journal, November 2007

The first generation of γ-rays from hot nuclei
journal, April 1987

Combinatorial nuclear level densities based on the Gogny nucleon-nucleon effective interaction
journal, October 2001

Nuclear level density and $γ$ -ray strength function of $^{43}$ Sc
journal, June 2012

The unfolding of continuum γ-ray spectra
journal, June 1996

A study of the photoneutron contribution to the giant dipole resonance of nuclei in the 64 ≦ A ≦ 86 mass region
journal, February 1976

Test of gamma-ray strength functions in nuclear reaction model calculations
journal, May 1990

Electric Dipole Ground-State Transition Width Strength Function and 7-Mev Photon Interactions
journal, April 1962

Novel technique for Constraining $r$ -Process ( $n$ , $γ$ ) Reaction Rates
journal, December 2014

Nuclear level densities and γ-ray strength functions in ${}^{44, 45}{Sc}$
journal, October 2007

Evidence for the Dipole Nature of the Low-Energy $γ$ Enhancement in ${}^{56}{Fe}$
journal, December 2013

Dipole strength distribution of ${}^{74}{Ge}$
journal, October 2015

RITSSCHIL, a new program for shell-model calculations
journal, December 1985

Absolute photoneutron cross sections for Zr, I, Pr, Au, and Pb
journal, October 1987

Microscopic HFB + QRPA predictions of dipole strength for astrophysics applications
journal, July 2004

Experimental First Order Pairing Phase Transition in Atomic Nuclei
journal, February 2015

Atlas of photoneutron cross sections obtained with monoenergetic photons
journal, March 1988

Fermi’s golden rule applied to the $γ$ decay in the quasicontinuum of ${}^{46}{Ti}$
journal, January 2011

Impact of a low-energy enhancement in the $γ$ -ray strength function on the neutron-capture cross section
journal, July 2010

Local and global nucleon optical models from 1 keV to 200 MeV
journal, January 2003

Experimental level densities of atomic nuclei
journal, December 2015

Level density and $γ$ -ray strength function in the odd-odd ${}^{238}{Np}$ nucleus
journal, April 2014

Extraction of level density and γ strength function from primary γ spectra
journal, June 2000

Low-Energy Enhancement of Magnetic Dipole Radiation
journal, December 2013

Radiative strength functions in ${}^{93 - 98}{Mo}$
journal, April 2005

Several-MeV γ-ray generation at NewSUBARU by laser Compton backscattering
journal, April 2009

A new method in gamma-ray spectroscopy: A two crystal scintillation spectrometer with improved resolution
journal, August 1958

Improved microscopic nuclear level densities within the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov plus combinatorial method
journal, December 2008

A statistical analysis of excited nuclear states
journal, May 1959

Primary $γ$ -ray spectra in $^{44}$ Ti of astrophysical interest
journal, January 2012

Global microscopic nuclear level densities within the HFB plus combinatorial method for practical applications
journal, November 2006

Measurements of the giant dipole resonance with monoenergetic photons
journal, July 1975

The statistical model and nuclear level densities
journal, October 1960

Low-energy limit of the radiative dipole strength in nuclei
journal, September 2013

$γ$ -ray strength function and pygmy resonance in rare earth nuclei
journal, March 2001

Low-energy tail of the giant dipole resonance in ${}^{98}{Mo}$ and ${}^{100}{Mo}$ deduced from photon-scattering experiments
journal, June 2008

Analysis of possible systematic errors in the Oslo method
journal, March 2011

Determination of the number of pulsed laser-Compton scattering photons
journal, December 2011

The $s$ process: Nuclear physics, stellar models, and observations
journal, April 2011

The r-process of stellar nucleosynthesis: Astrophysics and nuclear physics achievements and mysteries
journal, September 2007

Lane-consistent, semimicroscopic nucleon-nucleus optical model
journal, January 2001

Low-Energy Enhancement in the Photon Strength of ${}^{95}{Mo}$
journal, April 2012

The r-process of stellar nucleosynthesis: Astrophysics and nuclear physics achievements and mysteries
text, January 2007

Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov nuclear mass formulas: Crossing the 0.6 MeV threshold with microscopically deduced pairing
text, January 2009

Analysis of possible systematic errors in the Oslo method
text, January 2012

Gamma-ray strength function and pygmy resonance in rare earth nuclei
text, January 2000

Large enhancement of radiative strength for soft transisitons in the quasicontinuum
text, January 2004

Compilation of Giant Electric Dipole Resonances Built on Excited States
text, January 2006

Extraction of level density and gamma strength function from primary gamma spectra
text, January 1999

Large-scale QRPA calculation of E1-strength and its impact on the neutron capture cross section
text, January 2002

Microscopic HFB+QRPA predictions of dipole strength for astrophysics applications
text, January 2003

Low-energy enhancement and fluctuations of γ -ray strength functions in ^56,57 Fe: test of the Brink–Axel hypothesis
journal, April 2017

Reference database for photon strength functions
journal, October 2019

Consolidating the concept of low-energy magnetic dipole decay radiation
text, January 2018