Curvature of the freeze-out line in heavy ion collisions

Bazavov, A.; Ding, H. -T.; Hegde, P.; Kaczmarek, O.; Karsch, F.; Laermann, E.; Mukherjee, Swagato; Ohno, H.; Petreczky, P.; Schmidt, C.; Sharma, S.; Soeldner, W.; Wagner, M.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.014512

Title: Curvature of the freeze-out line in heavy ion collisions

Abstract

Here, we calculate the mean and variance of net-baryon number and net-electric charge distributions from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) using a next-to-leading order Taylor expansion in terms of temperature and chemical potentials. Moreover, these expansions with experimental data from STAR and PHENIX are compared, we determine the freeze-out temperature in the limit of vanishing baryon chemical potential, and, for the first time, constrain the curvature of the freeze-out line through a direct comparison between experimental data on net-charge fluctuations and a QCD calculation. We obtain a bound on the curvature coefficient, κ$^f$$$$_2$$<0.011, that is compatible with lattice QCD results on the curvature of the QCD transition line.

Authors:

Bazavov, A. ^[1]; Ding, H. -T. ^[2]; Hegde, P. ^[2]; Kaczmarek, O. ^[3]; Karsch, F. ^[4]; Laermann, E. ^[3]; Mukherjee, Swagato ^[5]; Ohno, H. ^[6]; Petreczky, P. ^[5]; Schmidt, C. ^[3]; Sharma, S. ^[5]; Soeldner, W. ^[7]; Wagner, M. ^[8]

Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States)
Central China Normal Univ., Wuhan (China)
Univ. of Bielefeld (Germany)
Univ. of Bielefeld (Germany); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Univ. of Tsukuba (Japan)
Univ. of Regensburg (Germany)
Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Jan 28 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1254818

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1236404

Report Number(s):: BNL-112232-2016-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; KB0301020

Grant/Contract Number:: SC00112704; AC05-00OR22725; SC0012704

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review D

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 93; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; lattice; LAT; QCD; Taylor; STAR; baryon; PHENIX

Citation Formats


                    Bazavov, A., Ding, H. -T., Hegde, P., Kaczmarek, O., Karsch, F., Laermann, E., Mukherjee, Swagato, Ohno, H., Petreczky, P., Schmidt, C., Sharma, S., Soeldner, W., and Wagner, M. Curvature of the freeze-out line in heavy ion collisions.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.014512.

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                    Bazavov, A., Ding, H. -T., Hegde, P., Kaczmarek, O., Karsch, F., Laermann, E., Mukherjee, Swagato, Ohno, H., Petreczky, P., Schmidt, C., Sharma, S., Soeldner, W., & Wagner, M. Curvature of the freeze-out line in heavy ion collisions.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.014512

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                    Bazavov, A., Ding, H. -T., Hegde, P., Kaczmarek, O., Karsch, F., Laermann, E., Mukherjee, Swagato, Ohno, H., Petreczky, P., Schmidt, C., Sharma, S., Soeldner, W., and Wagner, M. Thu .  
"Curvature of the freeze-out line in heavy ion collisions".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.014512.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1254818.

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@article{osti_1254818,

  title        = {Curvature of the freeze-out line in heavy ion collisions},

  author       = {Bazavov, A. and Ding, H. -T. and Hegde, P. and Kaczmarek, O. and Karsch, F. and Laermann, E. and Mukherjee, Swagato and Ohno, H. and Petreczky, P. and Schmidt, C. and Sharma, S. and Soeldner, W. and Wagner, M.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we calculate the mean and variance of net-baryon number and net-electric charge distributions from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) using a next-to-leading order Taylor expansion in terms of temperature and chemical potentials. Moreover, these expansions with experimental data from STAR and PHENIX are compared, we determine the freeze-out temperature in the limit of vanishing baryon chemical potential, and, for the first time, constrain the curvature of the freeze-out line through a direct comparison between experimental data on net-charge fluctuations and a QCD calculation. We obtain a bound on the curvature coefficient, κ$^f$$_2$<0.011, that is compatible with lattice QCD results on the curvature of the QCD transition line.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.93.014512},

  journal      = {Physical Review D},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 93,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jan 28 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Thu Jan 28 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Frontiers of finite temperature lattice QCD
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Title: Curvature of the freeze-out line in heavy ion collisions

Abstract

Citation Formats

Chiral restoration at finite density and temperature journal, November 1989

Phase diagram of QCD journal, September 1998

Phase boundary for the chiral transition in ( 2 + 1 )-flavor QCD at small values of the chemical potential journal, January 2011

The QCD phase diagram at nonzero quark density journal, April 2011

The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II journal, June 2009

Chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition journal, March 2012

Comparison of chemical freeze-out criteria in heavy-ion collisions journal, March 2006

Hadron production in central nucleus–nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out journal, June 2006

Hadron Formation in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Diagram journal, August 2013

Determination of freeze-out conditions from lattice QCD calculations journal, January 2012

Freeze-Out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics journal, November 2012

Highly improved staggered quarks on the lattice with applications to charm physics journal, March 2007

Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness: A comparison of lattice QCD results with the hadron resonance gas model journal, August 2012

Higher Moments of Net Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC journal, July 2010

Beam Energy Dependence of Moments of the Net-Charge Multiplicity Distributions in Au + Au Collisions at RHIC journal, August 2014

Real-time evolution of non-Gaussian cumulants in the QCD critical regime journal, September 2015

Revealing baryon number fluctuations from proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, February 2012

Conserved number fluctuations in a hadron resonance gas model journal, November 2013

Acceptance corrections to net baryon and net charge cumulants journal, October 2012

Freeze-out conditions from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations at RHIC journal, November 2014

Curvature of the chiral pseudocritical line in QCD: Continuum extrapolated results journal, September 2015

The QCD phase diagram from analytic continuation journal, December 2015

Net-Charge Fluctuations in Pb-Pb Collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV journal, April 2013

Effects of global charge conservation on time evolution of cumulants of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, December 2014

Comparison of chemical freeze-out criteria in heavy-ion collisions conference, May 2007

The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II. text, January 2009

Higher Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC text, January 2010

Revealing baryon number fluctuations from proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions text, January 2011

The chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition text, January 2011

Hadron Formation in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Diagram text, January 2012

Freeze-out conditions from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations at RHIC text, January 2014

Effects of global charge conservation on time evolution of cumulants of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions text, January 2014

The QCD phase diagram from analytic continuation preprint, January 2015

Comparison of Chemical Freeze-Out Criteria in Heavy-Ion Collisions text, January 2005

Frontiers of finite temperature lattice QCD journal, January 2017

The phase structure of QCD journal, August 2017

Centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out parameters from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations using a hadron resonance gas model journal, July 2017

Role of new resonance states on fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges in hadron resonance gas model journal, October 2018

Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential text, January 2017

Centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out parameters from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations using hadron resonance gas model text, January 2016

Frontiers of finite temperature lattice QCD text, January 2016

Freezeout systematics due to the hadron spectrum text, January 2017

Chiral restoration at finite density and temperature
journal, November 1989

Phase diagram of QCD
journal, September 1998

Phase boundary for the chiral transition in ( $2 + 1$ )-flavor QCD at small values of the chemical potential
journal, January 2011

The QCD phase diagram at nonzero quark density
journal, April 2011

The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II
journal, June 2009

Chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition
journal, March 2012

Comparison of chemical freeze-out criteria in heavy-ion collisions
journal, March 2006

Hadron production in central nucleus–nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out
journal, June 2006

Hadron Formation in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Diagram
journal, August 2013

Determination of freeze-out conditions from lattice QCD calculations
journal, January 2012

Freeze-Out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics
journal, November 2012

Highly improved staggered quarks on the lattice with applications to charm physics
journal, March 2007

Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness: A comparison of lattice QCD results with the hadron resonance gas model
journal, August 2012

Higher Moments of Net Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
journal, July 2010

Beam Energy Dependence of Moments of the Net-Charge Multiplicity Distributions in $Au + Au$ Collisions at RHIC
journal, August 2014

Real-time evolution of non-Gaussian cumulants in the QCD critical regime
journal, September 2015

Revealing baryon number fluctuations from proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, February 2012

Conserved number fluctuations in a hadron resonance gas model
journal, November 2013

Acceptance corrections to net baryon and net charge cumulants
journal, October 2012

Freeze-out conditions from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations at RHIC
journal, November 2014

Curvature of the chiral pseudocritical line in QCD: Continuum extrapolated results
journal, September 2015

The QCD phase diagram from analytic continuation
journal, December 2015

Net-Charge Fluctuations in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV$
journal, April 2013

Effects of global charge conservation on time evolution of cumulants of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions
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Comparison of chemical freeze-out criteria in heavy-ion collisions
conference, May 2007

The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II.
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Higher Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
text, January 2010

Revealing baryon number fluctuations from proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
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The chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition
text, January 2011

Hadron Formation in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Diagram
text, January 2012

Freeze-out conditions from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations at RHIC
text, January 2014

Effects of global charge conservation on time evolution of cumulants of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions
text, January 2014

The QCD phase diagram from analytic continuation
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text, January 2005

Frontiers of finite temperature lattice QCD
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The phase structure of QCD
journal, August 2017

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Role of new resonance states on fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges in hadron resonance gas model
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Centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out parameters from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations using hadron resonance gas model
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