A symmetric organic-based nonaqueous redox flow battery and its state of charge diagnostics by FTIR

doi:10.1039/c6ta01177b

Title: A symmetric organic-based nonaqueous redox flow battery and its state of charge diagnostics by FTIR

Article Details
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Redox flow batteries have shown outstanding promise for grid-scale energy storage to promote utilization of renewable energy and improve grid stability. Nonaqueous battery systems can potentially achieve high energy density because of their broad voltage window. In this paper, we report a new organic redox-active material for use in a nonaqueous redox flow battery, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) that has high solubility (>2.6 M) in organic solvents. PTIO exhibits electrochemically reversible disproportionation reactions and thus can serve as both anolyte and catholyte redox materials in a symmetric flow cell. The PTIO flow battery has a moderate cell voltage of ~1.7 V and shows good cyclability under both cyclic voltammetry and flow cell conditions. Moreover, we demonstrate that FTIR can offer accurate estimation of the PTIO concentration in electrolytes and determine the state of charge of the PTIO flow cell, which suggests FTIR potentially as a powerful online battery status sensor. In conclusion, this study is expected to inspire more insights in this under-addressed area of state of charge analysis aiming at operational safety and reliability of flow batteries.

Authors:

Duan, Wentao ^[1] ; Vemuri, Rama Ses ^[1] ; Milshtein, Jarrod D. ^[2] ; Laramie, Sydney ^[3] ; Dmello, Rylan D. ^[4] ; Huang, Jinhua ^[5] ; Zhang, Lu ^[5] ; ; Vijayakumar, M. ^[1] ; Wang, Wei ^[1] ; Liu, Jun ^[1] ; Darling, Robert E. ^[7] ; Thompson, Levi ^[3] ; Smith, Kyle C. ^[4] ; Moore, Jeffrey S. ^[4] ; Brushett, Fikile ^[8] ; Wei, Xiaoliang ^[1]

Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) (United States); Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Chemical Engineering
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) (United States); Univ. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (United States)
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) (United States); United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT (United States)
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2016-03-10

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-115896
Journal ID: ISSN 2050-7488; JMCAET; 48374; KC0208010

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 15; Journal ID: ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry

Research Org:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab. (EMSL)

Sponsoring Org:: USDOE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory

OSTI Identifier:: 1254564


                    Duan, Wentao, Vemuri, Rama Ses, Milshtein, Jarrod D., Laramie, Sydney, Dmello, Rylan D., Huang, Jinhua, Zhang, Lu, Hu, Dehong, Vijayakumar, M., Wang, Wei, Liu, Jun, Darling, Robert E., Thompson, Levi, Smith, Kyle C., Moore, Jeffrey S., Brushett, Fikile, and Wei, Xiaoliang. A symmetric organic-based nonaqueous redox flow battery and its state of charge diagnostics by FTIR.  United States: N. p.,  
        Web.  doi:10.1039/c6ta01177b.

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                    Duan, Wentao, Vemuri, Rama Ses, Milshtein, Jarrod D., Laramie, Sydney, Dmello, Rylan D., Huang, Jinhua, Zhang, Lu, Hu, Dehong, Vijayakumar, M., Wang, Wei, Liu, Jun, Darling, Robert E., Thompson, Levi, Smith, Kyle C., Moore, Jeffrey S., Brushett, Fikile, & Wei, Xiaoliang. A symmetric organic-based nonaqueous redox flow battery and its state of charge diagnostics by FTIR.  United States.  doi:10.1039/c6ta01177b.

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                    Duan, Wentao, Vemuri, Rama Ses, Milshtein, Jarrod D., Laramie, Sydney, Dmello, Rylan D., Huang, Jinhua, Zhang, Lu, Hu, Dehong, Vijayakumar, M., Wang, Wei, Liu, Jun, Darling, Robert E., Thompson, Levi, Smith, Kyle C., Moore, Jeffrey S., Brushett, Fikile, and Wei, Xiaoliang. 2016.  
        "A symmetric organic-based nonaqueous redox flow battery and its state of charge diagnostics by FTIR".  United States.  
        doi:10.1039/c6ta01177b.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1254564.

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@article{osti_1254564,

  title        = {A symmetric organic-based nonaqueous redox flow battery and its state of charge diagnostics by FTIR},

  author       = {Duan, Wentao and Vemuri, Rama Ses and Milshtein, Jarrod D. and Laramie, Sydney and Dmello, Rylan D. and Huang, Jinhua and Zhang, Lu and Hu, Dehong and Vijayakumar, M. and Wang, Wei and Liu, Jun and Darling, Robert E. and Thompson, Levi and Smith, Kyle C. and Moore, Jeffrey S. and Brushett, Fikile and Wei, Xiaoliang},

  abstractNote = {Redox flow batteries have shown outstanding promise for grid-scale energy storage to promote utilization of renewable energy and improve grid stability. Nonaqueous battery systems can potentially achieve high energy density because of their broad voltage window. In this paper, we report a new organic redox-active material for use in a nonaqueous redox flow battery, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) that has high solubility (>2.6 M) in organic solvents. PTIO exhibits electrochemically reversible disproportionation reactions and thus can serve as both anolyte and catholyte redox materials in a symmetric flow cell. The PTIO flow battery has a moderate cell voltage of ~1.7 V and shows good cyclability under both cyclic voltammetry and flow cell conditions. Moreover, we demonstrate that FTIR can offer accurate estimation of the PTIO concentration in electrolytes and determine the state of charge of the PTIO flow cell, which suggests FTIR potentially as a powerful online battery status sensor. In conclusion, this study is expected to inspire more insights in this under-addressed area of state of charge analysis aiming at operational safety and reliability of flow batteries.},

  doi          = {10.1039/c6ta01177b},

  journal      = {Journal of Materials Chemistry. A},

  number       = 15,

  volume       = 4,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2016},

  month        = {3}

}

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10.1039/c6ta01177b
https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta01177b

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Title: A symmetric organic-based nonaqueous redox flow battery and its state of charge diagnostics by FTIR

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