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Title: Fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish (Coregoninae) species in the vicinity of industrial thermal emissions

Abstract

Thermal pollution from industrial processes can have negative impacts on the spawning and development of cold-water fish. Point sources of thermal effluent may need to be managed to avoid affecting discrete populations. Correspondingly, we examined fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish species (Coregonus clupeaformis and Prosopium cylindraceum) on Lake Huron, Canada, in the immediate vicinity of thermal effluent from nuclear power generation. Niche metrics using δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes showed high levels of overlap (48.6 to 94.5%) in resource use by adult fish captured in areas affected by thermal effluent compared to nearby reference locations. Isotopic niche size, a metric of resource use diversity, was 1.3- to 2.8-fold higher than reference values in some thermally affected areas, indicative of fish mixing. Microsatellite analyses of genetic population structure (Fst, STRUCTURE and DAPC) indicated that fish captured at all locations in the vicinity of the power plant were part of a larger population extending beyond the study area. In concert, ecological and genetic markers do not support the presence of an evolutionarily significant unit in the vicinity of the power plant. Furthermore, future research should focus on the potential impacts of thermal emissions on development and recruitment.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [1];  [6]
  1. Univ. of Regina, Regina, SK (Canada)
  2. Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Greater Sudbury, ON (Canada)
  3. Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
  4. Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, AB (Canada)
  5. McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON (Canada)
  6. Bournemouth Univ., Dorset (United Kingdom)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
University of Georgia Research Foundation, Athens, GA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1253619
Grant/Contract Number:  
FC09-07SR22506
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
PLoS ONE
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; lakes; freshwater fish; ecological niches; ellipses; population genetics; stable isotopes; population ecology; water pollution

Citation Formats

Graham, Carly F., Eberts, Rebecca L., Morgan, Thomas D., Boreham, Douglas R., Lance, Stacey L., Manzon, Richard G., Martino, Jessica A., Rogers, Sean M., Wilson, Joanna Y., Somers, Christopher M., and Britton, Robert. Fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish (Coregoninae) species in the vicinity of industrial thermal emissions. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146656.
Graham, Carly F., Eberts, Rebecca L., Morgan, Thomas D., Boreham, Douglas R., Lance, Stacey L., Manzon, Richard G., Martino, Jessica A., Rogers, Sean M., Wilson, Joanna Y., Somers, Christopher M., & Britton, Robert. Fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish (Coregoninae) species in the vicinity of industrial thermal emissions. United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146656
Graham, Carly F., Eberts, Rebecca L., Morgan, Thomas D., Boreham, Douglas R., Lance, Stacey L., Manzon, Richard G., Martino, Jessica A., Rogers, Sean M., Wilson, Joanna Y., Somers, Christopher M., and Britton, Robert. Mon . "Fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish (Coregoninae) species in the vicinity of industrial thermal emissions". United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146656. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1253619.
@article{osti_1253619,
title = {Fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish (Coregoninae) species in the vicinity of industrial thermal emissions},
author = {Graham, Carly F. and Eberts, Rebecca L. and Morgan, Thomas D. and Boreham, Douglas R. and Lance, Stacey L. and Manzon, Richard G. and Martino, Jessica A. and Rogers, Sean M. and Wilson, Joanna Y. and Somers, Christopher M. and Britton, Robert},
abstractNote = {Thermal pollution from industrial processes can have negative impacts on the spawning and development of cold-water fish. Point sources of thermal effluent may need to be managed to avoid affecting discrete populations. Correspondingly, we examined fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish species (Coregonus clupeaformis and Prosopium cylindraceum) on Lake Huron, Canada, in the immediate vicinity of thermal effluent from nuclear power generation. Niche metrics using δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes showed high levels of overlap (48.6 to 94.5%) in resource use by adult fish captured in areas affected by thermal effluent compared to nearby reference locations. Isotopic niche size, a metric of resource use diversity, was 1.3- to 2.8-fold higher than reference values in some thermally affected areas, indicative of fish mixing. Microsatellite analyses of genetic population structure (Fst, STRUCTURE and DAPC) indicated that fish captured at all locations in the vicinity of the power plant were part of a larger population extending beyond the study area. In concert, ecological and genetic markers do not support the presence of an evolutionarily significant unit in the vicinity of the power plant. Furthermore, future research should focus on the potential impacts of thermal emissions on development and recruitment.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0146656},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = 1,
volume = 11,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 25 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Mon Jan 25 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}

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Figures / Tables:

Fig 1. Fig 1.: Map of the study area on eastern Lake Huron, Canada (inset) showing the location of two nuclear power generating stations (1 and 2), each operating 4 CANDU reactors. The locations of outflow channels for thermal effluent are indicated by arrows. Gill netting areas for Lake and Round Whitefishmore » are indicated. A1-A6 are sites potentially affected by warmer temperatures (an average of 3°C [65]), whereas sites R1 and R2 are reference locations outside of the thermal plume. Fish were collected in the falls of 2010 and 2011 at each site.« less

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Genetic variation of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers in broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) in the Colville and Sagavanirktok rivers in northern Alaska
journal, January 1997

  • Patton, J. C.; Gallaway, B. J.; Fechhelm, R. G.
  • Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 54, Issue 7
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Studies of the Fish of Great Slave Lake
journal, April 1951

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Influence of a Thermal Effluent on Movement of Brown Bullhead ( Ictalurus nebulosus ) as Determined by Ultrasonic Tracking
journal, September 1974

  • Kelso, John R. M.
  • Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vol. 31, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1139/f74-181

Compilation of Temperature Preference Data
journal, May 1977

  • Coutant, Charles C.
  • Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vol. 34, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1139/f77-115

Lake Whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) Stocks of the Ontario Waters of Lake Huron
journal, December 1981

  • Casselman, J. M.; Collins, J. J.; Grossman, E. J.
  • Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 38, Issue 12
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Life History, Morphology, and Electrophoretic Characteristics of Five Allopatric Stocks of Lake Whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) in the Great Lakes Region
journal, December 1981

  • Ihssen, P. E.; Evans, D. O.; Christie, W. J.
  • Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 38, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1139/f81-226

Discriminant analysis of principal components: a new method for the analysis of genetically structured populations
journal, January 2010

  • Jombart, Thibaut; Devillard, Sébastien; Balloux, François
  • BMC Genetics, Vol. 11, Issue 1
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32 species validation of a new Illumina paired-end approach for the development of microsatellites
journal, November 2013


Changes in Consumption by Alewives and Lake Whitefish after Dreissenid Mussel Invasions in Lakes Michigan and Huron
journal, February 2008

  • Pothoven, Steven A.; Madenjian, Charles P.
  • North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Vol. 28, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1577/m07-022.1

Multiple Modes of Speciation Involved in the Parallel Evolution of Sympatric Morphotypes of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis, Salmonidae)
journal, February 1997

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  • Evolution, Vol. 51, Issue 1
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Feeding Ecology of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron
journal, September 2006


Review and Approval of Thermal Discharges in Ontario
journal, January 1978


Works referencing / citing this record:

Contemporary factors influencing genetic diversity in the Alaska humpback whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis complex : alaska
journal, February 2018

  • Olsen, J. B.; Brown, R. J.; Russ, O. L.
  • Journal of Fish Biology, Vol. 92, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13568

Isotopic Structure of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron: Evidence for Regional and Local Populations Based on Resource Use
journal, December 2016

  • Eberts, Rebecca L.; Wissel, Björn; Simpson, Gavin L.
  • North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Vol. 37, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1080/02755947.2016.1245225

Isotopic Structure of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron: Evidence for Regional and Local Populations Based on Resource Use
text, January 2017


Genetic population structure of the round whitefish ( Prosopium cylindraceum ) in North America: multiple markers reveal glacial refugia and regional subdivision
journal, June 2018

  • Morgan, Thomas D.; Graham, Carly F.; McArthur, Andrew G.
  • Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 75, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0528

Isotopic Structure of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron: Evidence for Regional and Local Populations Based on Resource Use
text, January 2017