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  • Published Article: Matter under extreme conditions experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source

Title: Matter under extreme conditions experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source

The Matter in Extreme Conditions end station at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a new tool enabling accurate pump-probe measurements for studying the physical properties of matter in the high-energy density physics regime. This instrument combines the world’s brightest x-ray source, the LCLS x-ray beam, with high-power lasers consisting of two nanosecond Nd:glass laser beams and one short-pulse Ti:sapphire laser. These lasers produce short-lived states of matter with high pressures, high temperatures or high densities with properties that are important for applications in nuclear fusion research, laboratory astrophysics and the development of intense radiation sources. In the first experiments, we have performed highly accurate x-ray diffraction and x-ray Thomson scattering techniques on shock-compressed matter resolving the transition from compressed solid matter to a co-existence regime and into the warm dense matter state. Furthermore, these complex charged-particle systems are dominated by strong correlations and quantum effects. They exist in planetary interiors and laboratory experiments, e.g., during high-power laser interactions with solids or the compression phase of inertial confinement fusion implosions. Applying record peak brightness X rays resolves the ionic interactions at atomic (Ångstrom) scale lengths and measure the static structure factor, which is a key quantity for determining equationmore » of state data and important transport coefficients. Simultaneously, spectrally resolved measurements of plasmon features provide dynamic structure factor information that yield temperature and density with unprecedented precision at micron-scale resolution in dynamic compression experiments. This set of studies demonstrates our ability to measure fundamental thermodynamic properties that determine the state of matter in the high-energy density physics regime.« less
Authors:
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+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of Bordeaux, Talence (France); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. AWE plc, Reading (United Kingdom)
  4. Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom)
  5. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  6. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  7. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  8. Ecole Polytechnical (France)
  9. Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada)
  10. Max Planck Society, Dresden (Germany). Max Planck Inst. for the Physics of Complex Systems
  11. Eropean XFEL GmbH, Hamburg (Germany)
Publication Date:
Report Number(s):
SLAC-WP-128
Journal ID: ISSN 0953-4075
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515; FWP 100182; SF00515
Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Journal of Physics. B, Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 49; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0953-4075
Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Research Org:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) (SC-24)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; MATSCI; OPTICS; XFEL
OSTI Identifier:
1249734
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1228735; OSTI ID: 1249737
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