Evidence-based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration
Abstract
Evaluating the cumulative effects of large-scale ecological restoration programs is necessary to inform adaptive ecosystem management and provide society with resilient and sustainable services. However, complex linkages between restorative actions and ecosystem responses make evaluations problematic. Despite long-term federal investments in restoring aquatic ecosystems, no standard evaluation method has been adopted and most programs focus on monitoring and analysis, not synthesis and evaluation. In this paper, we demonstrate a new transdisciplinary approach integrating techniques from evidence-based medicine, critical thinking, and cumulative effects assessment. Tiered hypotheses are identified using an ecosystem conceptual model. The systematic literature review at the core of evidence-based assessment becomes one of many lines of evidence assessed collectively, using critical thinking strategies and causal criteria from a cumulative effects perspective. As a demonstration, we analyzed data from 166 locations on the Columbia River and estuary representing 12 indicators of habitat and fish response to floodplain restoration actions intended to benefit threatened and endangered salmon. Synthesis of seven lines of evidence showed that hydrologic reconnection promoted macrodetritis export, prey availability, and fish access and feeding. The evidence was sufficient to infer cross-boundary, indirect, compounding and delayed cumulative effects, and suggestive of nonlinear, landscape-scale, and spatial density effects. Onmore »
- Authors:
-
- Pacific Northwest National Lab., Sequim, WA (United States)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1249268
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-104585
Journal ID: ISSN 2150-8925; 400403209
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Ecosphere
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2150-8925
- Publisher:
- Ecological Society of America
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; causal criteria; critical thinking; cumulative effects; evidence-based medicine; fisheries; floodplain food web; habitat connectivity; hydropower mitigation; large-scale ecosystem restoration; salmon recovery; sustainability science; systematic review; tidal wetlands
Citation Formats
Diefenderfer, Heida L., Johnson, Gary E., Thom, Ronald M., Buenau, Kate E., Weitkamp, Laurie A., Woodley, Christa M., Borde, Amy B., and Kropp, Roy K. Evidence-based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1002/ecs2.1242.
Diefenderfer, Heida L., Johnson, Gary E., Thom, Ronald M., Buenau, Kate E., Weitkamp, Laurie A., Woodley, Christa M., Borde, Amy B., & Kropp, Roy K. Evidence-based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration. United States. doi:10.1002/ecs2.1242.
Diefenderfer, Heida L., Johnson, Gary E., Thom, Ronald M., Buenau, Kate E., Weitkamp, Laurie A., Woodley, Christa M., Borde, Amy B., and Kropp, Roy K. Fri .
"Evidence-based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration". United States. doi:10.1002/ecs2.1242. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1249268.
@article{osti_1249268,
title = {Evidence-based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration},
author = {Diefenderfer, Heida L. and Johnson, Gary E. and Thom, Ronald M. and Buenau, Kate E. and Weitkamp, Laurie A. and Woodley, Christa M. and Borde, Amy B. and Kropp, Roy K.},
abstractNote = {Evaluating the cumulative effects of large-scale ecological restoration programs is necessary to inform adaptive ecosystem management and provide society with resilient and sustainable services. However, complex linkages between restorative actions and ecosystem responses make evaluations problematic. Despite long-term federal investments in restoring aquatic ecosystems, no standard evaluation method has been adopted and most programs focus on monitoring and analysis, not synthesis and evaluation. In this paper, we demonstrate a new transdisciplinary approach integrating techniques from evidence-based medicine, critical thinking, and cumulative effects assessment. Tiered hypotheses are identified using an ecosystem conceptual model. The systematic literature review at the core of evidence-based assessment becomes one of many lines of evidence assessed collectively, using critical thinking strategies and causal criteria from a cumulative effects perspective. As a demonstration, we analyzed data from 166 locations on the Columbia River and estuary representing 12 indicators of habitat and fish response to floodplain restoration actions intended to benefit threatened and endangered salmon. Synthesis of seven lines of evidence showed that hydrologic reconnection promoted macrodetritis export, prey availability, and fish access and feeding. The evidence was sufficient to infer cross-boundary, indirect, compounding and delayed cumulative effects, and suggestive of nonlinear, landscape-scale, and spatial density effects. On the basis of causal inferences regarding food web functions, we concluded that the restoration program has a cumulative beneficial effect on juvenile salmon. As a result, this evidence-based approach will enable the evaluation of restoration in complex coastal and riverine ecosystems where data have accumulated without sufficient synthesis.},
doi = {10.1002/ecs2.1242},
journal = {Ecosphere},
number = 3,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {2016},
month = {3}
}
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