Effect of neutron irradiation on defect evolution in Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC

Tallman, Darin J.; He, Lingfeng; Garcia-Diaz, Brenda L.; Hoffman, Elizabeth N.; Kohse, Gordon; Sindelar, Robert L.; Barsoum, Michel W.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.10.030

Title: Effect of neutron irradiation on defect evolution in Ti₃SiC₂ and Ti₂AlC

Abstract

Here, we report on the characterization of defects formed in polycrystalline Ti₃SiC₂ and Ti₂AlC samples exposed to neutron irradiation – up to 0.1 displacements per atom (dpa) at 350 ± 40 °C or 695 ± 25 °C, and up to 0.4 dpa at 350 ± 40 °C. Black spots are observed in both Ti₃SiC₂ and Ti₂AlC after irradiation to both 0.1 and 0.4 dpa at 350 °C. After irradiation to 0.1 dpa at 695 °C, small basal dislocation loops, with a Burgers vector of b = 1/2 [0001] are observed in both materials. At 9 ± 3 and 10 ± 5 nm, the loop diameters in the Ti₃SiC₂ and Ti₂AlC samples, respectively, were comparable. At 1 × 10²³ loops/m³, the dislocation loop density in Ti₂AlC was ≈1.5 orders of magnitude greater than in Ti₃SiC₂, at 3 x 10²¹ loops/m3. After irradiation at 350 °C, extensive microcracking was observed in Ti₂AlC, but not in Ti₃SiC₂. The room temperature electrical resistivities increased as a function of neutron dose for all samples tested, and appear to saturate in the case of Ti₃SiC₂. The MAX phases are unequivocally more neutron radiation tolerant than the impurity phases TiC and Al₂O₃. Based on these results, Ti₃SiC₂more »« less

Authors:

^[1]; He, Lingfeng ^[2]; Garcia-Diaz, Brenda L. ^[3]; Hoffman, Elizabeth N. ^[3]; Kohse, Gordon ^[4]; Sindelar, Robert L. ^[3]; Barsoum, Michel W. ^[1]

Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Oct 23 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1236713

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1359392

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU-15-34198
Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3115; PII: S0022311515302786

Grant/Contract Number:: AC07-051D14517

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Nuclear Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 468; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3115

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Ti₃SiC₂; Ti₂AlC; MAX phases; neutron irradiation; dislocation loops

Citation Formats


                    Tallman, Darin J., He, Lingfeng, Garcia-Diaz, Brenda L., Hoffman, Elizabeth N., Kohse, Gordon, Sindelar, Robert L., and Barsoum, Michel W. Effect of neutron irradiation on defect evolution in Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.10.030.

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                    Tallman, Darin J., He, Lingfeng, Garcia-Diaz, Brenda L., Hoffman, Elizabeth N., Kohse, Gordon, Sindelar, Robert L., & Barsoum, Michel W. Effect of neutron irradiation on defect evolution in Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.10.030

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                    Tallman, Darin J., He, Lingfeng, Garcia-Diaz, Brenda L., Hoffman, Elizabeth N., Kohse, Gordon, Sindelar, Robert L., and Barsoum, Michel W. Fri .  
"Effect of neutron irradiation on defect evolution in Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.10.030.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1236713.

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@article{osti_1236713,

  title        = {Effect of neutron irradiation on defect evolution in Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC},

  author       = {Tallman, Darin J. and He, Lingfeng and Garcia-Diaz, Brenda L. and Hoffman, Elizabeth N. and Kohse, Gordon and Sindelar, Robert L. and Barsoum, Michel W.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we report on the characterization of defects formed in polycrystalline Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC samples exposed to neutron irradiation – up to 0.1 displacements per atom (dpa) at 350 ± 40 °C or 695 ± 25 °C, and up to 0.4 dpa at 350 ± 40 °C. Black spots are observed in both Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC after irradiation to both 0.1 and 0.4 dpa at 350 °C. After irradiation to 0.1 dpa at 695 °C, small basal dislocation loops, with a Burgers vector of b = 1/2 [0001] are observed in both materials. At 9 ± 3 and 10 ± 5 nm, the loop diameters in the Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC samples, respectively, were comparable. At 1 × 1023 loops/m3, the dislocation loop density in Ti2AlC was ≈1.5 orders of magnitude greater than in Ti3SiC2, at 3 x 1021 loops/m3. After irradiation at 350 °C, extensive microcracking was observed in Ti2AlC, but not in Ti3SiC2. The room temperature electrical resistivities increased as a function of neutron dose for all samples tested, and appear to saturate in the case of Ti3SiC2. The MAX phases are unequivocally more neutron radiation tolerant than the impurity phases TiC and Al2O3. Based on these results, Ti3SiC2 appears to be a more promising MAX phase candidate for high temperature nuclear applications than Ti2AlC.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.10.030},

  journal      = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 468,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Oct 23 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Fri Oct 23 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases
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Low, It-Meng
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Title: Effect of neutron irradiation on defect evolution in Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC

Abstract

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Effects of He irradiation on Ti3AlC2: Damage evolution and behavior of He bubbles journal, September 2013

Formation of nanosized hills on Ti3SiC2 oxide layer irradiated with swift heavy ions journal, January 2012

Irradiation Damage in Ti 3 (Si,Al)C 2 : a TEM Investigation : Irradiation Damage in Ti journal, April 2010

Microstructural changes induced by low energy heavy ion irradiation in titanium silicon carbide journal, July 2011

Nanoindentation investigation of heavy ion irradiated Ti3(Si,Al)C2 journal, June 2010

Radiation tolerance of Mn+1AXn phases, Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2 journal, August 2010

Stability of the nitrogen-deficient Ti2AlN x MAX phase in Ar2+-irradiated (Ti,Al)N/Ti2AlN x multilayers journal, June 2010

Structural changes induced by heavy ion irradiation in titanium silicon carbide journal, February 2011

The structural transitions of Ti3AlC2 induced by ion irradiation journal, February 2014

XRD investigation of ion irradiated Ti3Si0.90Al0.10C2 journal, March 2010

Irradiation resistance properties studies on helium ions irradiated MAX phase Ti3AlC2 journal, May 2014

Surface damage of Ti3SiC2 by MeV iodine bombardment journal, July 2013

Damage accumulation and recovery in C+-irradiated Ti3SiC2 journal, March 2014

Contribution of core-loss fine structures to the characterization of ion irradiation damages in the nanolaminated ceramic Ti3AlC2 journal, November 2013

Effect of neutron irradiation on select MAX phases journal, February 2015

Processing and characterization of Ti2AlC, Ti2AlN, and Ti2AlC0.5N0.5 journal, July 2000

A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures journal, June 1969

Neutron diffraction study on structural and magnetic properties of La 2 NiO 4 journal, May 1991

Thickness measurements with electron energy loss spectroscopy journal, August 2008

Dislocations and Stacking Faults in Ti3SiC2 journal, June 1998

Processing and Mechanical Properties of Ti3SiC2: I, Reaction Path and Microstructure Evolution journal, October 1999

Tape Casting, Pressureless Sintering, and Grain Growth in Ti 3 SiC 2 Compacts journal, April 2004

Investigations on Radiation Tolerance of M n +1 AX n Phases: Study of Ti 3 SiC 2 , Ti 3 AlC 2 , Cr 2 AlC, Cr 2 GeC, Ti 2 AlC, and Ti 2 AlN journal, January 2015

Theoretical investigation of thermodynamic stability and mobility of the intrinsic point defects in Ti 3 AC 2 (A = Si, Al) journal, January 2015

First-principles investigation of the intrinsic defects in Ti3SiC2 journal, March 2014

Accommodation, Accumulation, and Migration of Defects in Ti 3 SiC 2 and Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX Phases journal, August 2013

Defects and microstructural evolution of proton irradiated titanium carbide journal, May 2012

The Topotactic Transformation of Ti3SiC2 into a Partially Ordered Cubic Ti ( C 0.67Si0.06 ) Phase by the Diffusion of Si into Molten Cryolite journal, January 1999

Thermal stability of Ti3SiC2 thin films journal, February 2007

Revisiting the defect structure of MAX phases: the case of Ti 4 AlN 3 journal, March 2008

A first-principles investigation of the phase stability of Ti2AlC with Al vacancies journal, February 2008

Phase stabilities and structural relaxations in substoichiometric TiC 1 − x journal, April 2001

Limits on irradiation-induced thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity in silicon carbide materials journal, August 2004

Neutron and electron radiation defects in titanium and tantalum monocarbides: An electrical resistivity study journal, January 1981

Disorder-order phase transformations and electrical resistivity of nonstoichiometric titanium carbide journal, July 1998

Diffusion of Ag, Au and Cs implants in MAX phase Ti3SiC2 journal, July 2015

An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases journal, February 2019

Title: Effect of neutron irradiation on defect evolution in Ti₃SiC₂ and Ti₂AlC

MAX phase carbides and nitrides: Properties for future nuclear power plant in-core applications and neutron transmutation analysis
journal, March 2012

On the elastic properties and mechanical damping of Ti3SiC2, Ti3GeC2, Ti3Si0.5Al0.5C2 and Ti2AlC in the 300–1573K temperature range
journal, June 2006

Thermal properties of Ti3SiC2
journal, April 1999

Electrical conductivity, thermopower, and Hall effect of ${Ti}_{3} {AlC}_{2},$ ${Ti}_{4} {AlN}_{3},$ and ${Ti}_{3} {SiC}_{2}$
journal, October 2000

Processing and Mechanical Properties of Ti3SiC2: II, Effect of Grain Size and Deformation Temperature
journal, October 1999

A Critical Review of the Oxidation of Ti ₂ AlC, Ti ₃ AlC ₂ and Cr ₂ AlC in Air
journal, September 2013

Long-Term Oxidation of Ti ₂ AlC in Air and Water Vapor at 1000–1300°C Temperature Range
journal, January 2011

Microstructural evolution during high-temperature oxidation of Ti2AlC ceramics
journal, June 2011

Oxidation-induced crack healing in Ti3AlC2 ceramics
journal, January 2008

Multiple crack healing of a Ti2AlC ceramic
journal, July 2012

High temperature healing of Ti2AlC: On the origin of inhomogeneous oxide scale
journal, July 2011

Oxidation and Crack Healing Behavior of a Fine-Grained Cr ₂ AlC Ceramic
journal, February 2013

Self-healing performance of Ti2AlC ceramic
journal, January 2012

Reactivity of Zircaloy-4 with Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC in the 1100–1300 °C temperature range
journal, May 2015

Damage tolerance of Ti3SiC2 to high energy iodine irradiation
journal, June 2012

Damages induced by heavy ions in titanium silicon carbide: Effects of nuclear and electronic interactions at room temperature
journal, March 2009

Effect of helium irradiation on Ti3AlC2 at 500°C
journal, April 2014

Effects of He irradiation on Ti3AlC2: Damage evolution and behavior of He bubbles
journal, September 2013

Formation of nanosized hills on Ti3SiC2 oxide layer irradiated with swift heavy ions
journal, January 2012

Irradiation Damage in Ti ₃ (Si,Al)C ₂ : a TEM Investigation : Irradiation Damage in Ti
journal, April 2010

Microstructural changes induced by low energy heavy ion irradiation in titanium silicon carbide
journal, July 2011

Nanoindentation investigation of heavy ion irradiated Ti3(Si,Al)C2
journal, June 2010

Radiation tolerance of Mn+1AXn phases, Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2
journal, August 2010

Stability of the nitrogen-deficient Ti2AlN x MAX phase in Ar2+-irradiated (Ti,Al)N/Ti2AlN x multilayers
journal, June 2010

Structural changes induced by heavy ion irradiation in titanium silicon carbide
journal, February 2011

The structural transitions of Ti3AlC2 induced by ion irradiation
journal, February 2014

XRD investigation of ion irradiated Ti3Si0.90Al0.10C2
journal, March 2010

Irradiation resistance properties studies on helium ions irradiated MAX phase Ti3AlC2
journal, May 2014

Surface damage of Ti3SiC2 by MeV iodine bombardment
journal, July 2013

Damage accumulation and recovery in C+-irradiated Ti3SiC2
journal, March 2014

Contribution of core-loss fine structures to the characterization of ion irradiation damages in the nanolaminated ceramic Ti3AlC2
journal, November 2013

Effect of neutron irradiation on select MAX phases
journal, February 2015

Processing and characterization of Ti2AlC, Ti2AlN, and Ti2AlC0.5N0.5
journal, July 2000

A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures
journal, June 1969

Neutron diffraction study on structural and magnetic properties of La ₂ NiO ₄
journal, May 1991

Thickness measurements with electron energy loss spectroscopy
journal, August 2008

Dislocations and Stacking Faults in Ti3SiC2
journal, June 1998

Processing and Mechanical Properties of Ti3SiC2: I, Reaction Path and Microstructure Evolution
journal, October 1999

Tape Casting, Pressureless Sintering, and Grain Growth in Ti ₃ SiC ₂ Compacts
journal, April 2004

Investigations on Radiation Tolerance of M _{n +1} AX _n Phases: Study of Ti ₃ SiC ₂ , Ti ₃ AlC ₂ , Cr ₂ AlC, Cr ₂ GeC, Ti ₂ AlC, and Ti ₂ AlN
journal, January 2015

Theoretical investigation of thermodynamic stability and mobility of the intrinsic point defects in Ti ₃ AC ₂ (A = Si, Al)
journal, January 2015

First-principles investigation of the intrinsic defects in Ti3SiC2
journal, March 2014

Accommodation, Accumulation, and Migration of Defects in Ti ₃ SiC ₂ and Ti ₃ AlC ₂ MAX Phases
journal, August 2013

Defects and microstructural evolution of proton irradiated titanium carbide
journal, May 2012

The Topotactic Transformation of Ti₃SiC₂ into a Partially Ordered Cubic Ti ( C _0.67Si_0.06 ) Phase by the Diffusion of Si into Molten Cryolite
journal, January 1999

Thermal stability of Ti3SiC2 thin films
journal, February 2007

Revisiting the defect structure of MAX phases: the case of Ti ₄ AlN ₃
journal, March 2008

A first-principles investigation of the phase stability of Ti2AlC with Al vacancies
journal, February 2008

Phase stabilities and structural relaxations in substoichiometric ${TiC}_{1 - x}$
journal, April 2001

Limits on irradiation-induced thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity in silicon carbide materials
journal, August 2004

Neutron and electron radiation defects in titanium and tantalum monocarbides: An electrical resistivity study
journal, January 1981

Disorder-order phase transformations and electrical resistivity of nonstoichiometric titanium carbide
journal, July 1998

Diffusion of Ag, Au and Cs implants in MAX phase Ti3SiC2
journal, July 2015

An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases
journal, February 2019