A complex carotenoid palette tunes avian color vision.

Timlin, Jerilyn A.; Toomey, Matthew B.; Collins, Aaron M.; Frederiksen, Rikard; Cornwall, M. Carter; Corbo, Joseph C.

doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0563

Title: A complex carotenoid palette tunes avian color vision.

Journal Article · 07 October 2015 · Journal of the Royal Society Interface

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0563 · OSTI ID:1236232

Timlin, Jerilyn A. ^[1]; Toomey, Matthew B. ^[2]; Collins, Aaron M. ^[3]; Frederiksen, Rikard ^[4]; Cornwall, M. Carter ^[4]; Corbo, Joseph C. ^[2]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Washington Univ. School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Boston Univ. School of Medicine, Boston, MA (United States)

The brilliantly coloured cone oil droplets of the avian retina function as long-pass cut-off filters that tune the spectral sensitivity of the photoreceptors and are hypothesized to enhance colour discrimination and improve colour constancy. Although it has long been known that these droplets are pigmented with carotenoids, their precise composition has remained uncertain owing to the technical challenges of measuring these very small, dense and highly refractile optical organelles. In this study, we integrated results from high-performance liquid chromatography, hyperspectral microscopy and microspectrophotometry to obtain a comprehensive understanding of oil droplet carotenoid pigmentation in the chicken (Gallus gallus). We find that each of the four carotenoid-containing droplet types consists of a complex mixture of carotenoids, with a single predominant carotenoid determining the wavelength of the spectral filtering cut-off. Consistent with previous reports, we find that the predominant carotenoid type in the oil droplets of long-wavelength-sensitive, medium-wavelength-sensitive and short-wavelength-sensitive type 2 cones are astaxanthin, zeaxanthin and galloxanthin, respectively. In addition, the oil droplet of the principal member of the double cone contains a mixture of galloxanthin and two hydroxycarotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin). Short-wavelength-absorbing apocarotenoids are present in all of the droplet types, providing filtering of light in a region of the spectrum where filtering by hydroxy- and ketocarotenoids may be incomplete. Furthermore, birds rely on a complex palette of carotenoid pigments within their cone oil droplets to achieve finely tuned spectral filtering.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

OSTI ID:: 1236232

Report Number(s):: SAND-2015-4230J; 590324

Journal Information:: Journal of the Royal Society Interface, Vol. 12, Issue 111; ISSN 1742-5689

Publisher:: The Royal SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 41 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (57)

Avian Visual Pigments: Characteristics, Spectral Tuning, and Evolution Hart, Nathan S.; Hunt, David M. The American Naturalist, Vol. 169, Issue S1 https://doi.org/10.1086/510141	journal	January 2007
Carotenoids of the Chicken Retina Wald, George; Zussman, Hyman Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 122, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)74226-9	journal	January 1938
The cone oil droplets of avian retinas Goldsmith, Timothy H.; Collins, James S.; Licht, Sherry Vision Research, Vol. 24, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(84)90324-9	journal	January 1984
Evolution and spectral tuning of visual pigments in birds and mammals Hunt, David M.; Carvalho, Livia S.; Cowing, Jill A. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 364, Issue 1531 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0044	journal	October 2009
Low aqueous solubility of 11-cis-retinal limits the rate of pigment formation and dark adaptation in salamander rods Frederiksen, Rikard; Boyer, Nicholas P.; Nickle, Benjamin Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 144, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20111068510152014c	journal	October 2014
Ultraviolet vision in birds: the importance of transparent eye media Lind, Olle; Mitkus, Mindaugas; Olsson, Peter Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 281, Issue 1774 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2209	journal	January 2014
Evolution of Avian Plumage Color in a Tetrahedral Color Space: A Phylogenetic Analysis of New World Buntings Stoddard, Mary Caswell; Prum, Richard O. The American Naturalist, Vol. 171, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1086/587526	journal	June 2008
Preprocessing strategies to improve MCR analyses of hyperspectral images Jones, Howland D.T.; Haaland, David M.; Sinclair, Michael B. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, Vol. 117, p. 149-158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2012.01.011	journal	August 2012
In search of the visual pigment template Govardovskii, Victor I.; Fyhrquist, Nanna; Reuter, Tom Visual Neuroscience, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523800174036	journal	July 2000
Longitudinal chromatic aberration of the vertebrate eye Mandelman, T.; Sivak, J. G. Vision Research, Vol. 23, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(83)90169-4	journal	January 1983
Visual pigments and oil droplets from six classes of photoreceptor in the retinas of birds Bowmaker, J. K.; Heath, L. A.; Wilkie, S. E. Vision Research, Vol. 37, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00026-6	journal	August 1997
Galloxanthin, a Carotenoid from the Chicken Retina Wald, G. The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.31.5.377	journal	May 1948
In vivo hyperspectral confocal fluorescence imaging to determine pigment localization and distribution in cyanobacterial cells Vermaas, W. F. J.; Timlin, J. A.; Jones, H. D. T. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, Issue 10, p. 4050-4055 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708090105	journal	March 2008
Oil droplets of bird eyes: microlenses acting as spectral filters Stavenga, Doekele G.; Wilts, Bodo D. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 369, Issue 1636 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0041	journal	February 2014
Modified Saponification and HPLC Methods for Analyzing Carotenoids from the Retina of Quail: Implications for Its Use as a Nonprimate Model Species Toomey, Matthew B.; McGraw, Kevin J. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, Vol. 48, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-0208	journal	September 2007
Spectral tuning in vertebrate short wavelength-sensitive 1 (SWS1) visual pigments: Can wavelength sensitivity be inferred from sequence data?: SPECTRAL TUNING IN VERTEBRATE SWS1 Hauser, Frances E.; van Hazel, Ilke; Chang, Belinda S. W. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, Vol. 322, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22576	journal	June 2014
Mate choice for a male carotenoid-based ornament is linked to female dietary carotenoid intake and accumulation Toomey, Matthew B.; McGraw, Kevin J. BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-3	journal	January 2012
SWS2 visual pigment evolution as a test of historically contingent patterns of plumage color evolution in warblers: EVOLUTION OF SWS2 VISUAL PIGMENTS IN BIRDS Bloch, Natasha I.; Morrow, James M.; Chang, Belinda S. W. Evolution, Vol. 69, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12572	journal	January 2015
Optimization, Constraint, and History in the Evolution of Eyes Goldsmith, Timothy H. The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 65, Issue 3, p. 281-322 https://doi.org/10.1086/416840	journal	September 1990
Molecular evolution of vertebrate visual pigments Yokoyama, Shozo Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-9462(00)00002-1	journal	July 2000
Coloured oil droplets enhance colour discrimination Vorobyev, M. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 270, Issue 1521 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2381	journal	June 2003
A new method for determining peak absorbance of dense pigment samples and its application to the cone oil droplets ofEmydoidea blandingii Lipetz, Leo E. Vision Research, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(84)90114-7	journal	January 1984
Spectral sensitivity of the accessory optic system of the pigeon v. Campenhausen, M.; Kirschfeld, K. Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, Vol. 183, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050229	journal	June 1998
Comparing entire colour patterns as birds see them: COLOUR PATTERN DIFFERENCES Endler, John A.; Mielke, Paul W. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. 86, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00540.x	journal	November 2005
Low aqueous solubility of 11-cis-retinal limits the rate of pigment formation and dark adaptation in salamander rods Frederiksen, Rikard; Boyer, Nicholas P.; Nickle, Benjamin The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 139, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201110685	journal	May 2012
Avian Cone Photoreceptors Tile the Retina as Five Independent, Self-Organizing Mosaics Kram, Yoseph A.; Mantey, Stephanie; Corbo, Joseph C. PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008992	journal	February 2010
Avian Color Vision and Coloration: Multidisciplinary Evolutionary Biology Bennett, Andrew T. D.; Théry, Marc The American Naturalist, Vol. 169, Issue S1 https://doi.org/10.1086/510163	journal	January 2007
Avian retinal oil droplets: dietary manipulation of colour vision? Knott, Ben; Berg, Mathew L.; Morgan, Eric R. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 277, Issue 1683 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1805	journal	November 2009
Towards clinically actionable digital phenotyping targets in schizophrenia Henson, Philip; Barnett, Ian; Keshavan, Matcheri npj Schizophrenia, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-020-0100-1	journal	May 2020
Avian Color Vision and Coloration: Multidisciplinary Evolutionary Biology Bennett, Andrew T. D.; Thery, Marc The American Naturalist https://doi.org/10.2307/4125298	journal	January 2007
The contribution of single and double cones to spectral sensitivity in budgerigars during changing light conditions Lind, Olle; Chavez, Johanna; Kelber, Almut Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Vol. 200, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-013-0878-7	journal	December 2013
The Molecular Evolution of Avian Ultraviolet- and Violet-Sensitive Visual Pigments Carvalho, Livia S.; Cowing, Jill A.; Wilkie, Susan E. Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol. 24, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msm109	journal	June 2007
Carotenoids of the Chicken Retina Wald, George; Zussman, Hyman Nature, Vol. 140, Issue 3535 https://doi.org/10.1038/140197a0	journal	July 1937
Silhouettes: A graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis Rousseeuw, Peter J. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0427(87)90125-7	journal	November 1987
Multiple microscopic approaches demonstrate linkage between chromoplast architecture and carotenoid composition in diverse Capsicum annuum fruit Kilcrease, James; Collins, Aaron M.; Richins, Richard D. The Plant Journal, Vol. 76, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12351	journal	November 2013
Carotenoid metabolism in mammals, including man: formation, occurrence, and function of apocarotenoids: Thematic Review Series: Fat-Soluble Vitamins: Vitamin A Eroglu, Abdulkerim; Harrison, Earl H. Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 54, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R039537	journal	May 2013
Molecular evolution of color vision of zebra finch Yokoyama, Shozo; Blow, Nathan S.; Radlwimmer, F. Bernhard Gene, Vol. 259, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00435-2	journal	December 2000
Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis Kaufman, Leonard; Rousseeuw, Peter J. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470316801	book	March 1990
Cone photoreceptor oil droplet pigmentation is affected by ambient light intensity Hart, N. S.; Lisney, T. J.; Collin, S. P. Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 209, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02568	journal	December 2006
Evolution of ultraviolet vision in the largest avian radiation - the passerines Ödeen, Anders; Håstad, Olle; Alström, Per BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-313	journal	January 2011
Multivariate curve resolution applied to second order data Tauler, Roma Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(95)00047-X	journal	November 1995
Simple exponential functions describing the absorbance bands of visual pigment spectra Stavenga, D. G.; Smits, R. P.; Hoenders, B. J. Vision Research, Vol. 33, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q	journal	May 1993
The roles of receptor noise and cone oil droplets in the photopic spectral sensitivity of the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus Goldsmith, T. H.; Butler, B. K. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Vol. 189, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-002-0385-8	journal	February 2003
Limited variation in visual sensitivity among bowerbird species suggests that there is no link between spectral tuning and variation in display colouration Coyle, B. J.; Hart, N. S.; Carleton, K. L. Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 215, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.062224	journal	March 2012
The Visual Ecology of Avian Photoreceptors Hart, Nathan S. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-9462(01)00009-X	journal	September 2001
Tetrachromacy, oil droplets and bird plumage colours Vorobyev, M.; Osorio, D.; Bennett, A. T. D. Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, Vol. 183, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050286	journal	November 1998
Modelling oil droplet absorption spectra and spectral sensitivities of bird cone photoreceptors Hart, Nathan S.; Vorobyev, Misha Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Vol. 191, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-004-0595-3	journal	February 2005
Excited State Properties of Peridinin: Observation of a Solvent Dependence of the Lowest Excited Singlet State Lifetime and Spectral Behavior Unique among Carotenoids Bautista, James A.; Connors, Robert E.; Raju, B. Bangar The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 103, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9916135	journal	October 1999
Super dense carotenoid spectra resolved in single cone oil droplets Liebman, P. A.; Granda, A. M. Nature, Vol. 253, Issue 5490 https://doi.org/10.1038/253370a0	journal	January 1975
Functional characterization of spectral tuning mechanisms in the great bowerbird short-wavelength sensitive visual pigment (SWS1), and the origins of UV/violet vision in passerines and parrots van Hazel, Ilke; Sabouhanian, Amir; Day, Lainy BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-250	journal	January 2013
Hyperspectral confocal microscope Sinclair, Michael B.; Haaland, David M.; Timlin, Jerilyn A. Applied Optics, Vol. 45, Issue 24, p. 6283-6291 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.006283	journal	January 2006
Multivariate Curve Resolution in the Analysis of Vibrational Spectroscopy Data Files Schoonover, Jon R.; Marx, Rob; Zhang, Shuliang L. Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1366/000370203321666461	journal	May 2003
Fast algorithm for the solution of large-scale non-negativity-constrained least squares problems Van Benthem, Mark H.; Keenan, Michael R. Journal of Chemometrics, Vol. 18, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.889	journal	October 2004
SWS2 visual pigment evolution as a test of historically contingent patterns of plumage color evolution in Warblers Bloch, Natasha I.; Morrow, James M.; Chang, Belinda S. W. Evolution https://doi.org/10.1101/013573	posted_content	January 2015
Effect of carotenoid structure on excited-state dynamics of carbonyl carotenoids Chábera, Pavel; Fuciman, Marcel; Hříbek, Petr Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1039/b909924g	journal	January 2009
The Effects of Dietary Carotenoid Supplementation and Retinal Carotenoid Accumulation on Vision-Mediated Foraging in the House Finch Toomey, Matthew B.; McGraw, Kevin J. PLoS ONE, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021653	journal	June 2011
Colour vision of domestic chicks Osorio, D.; Vorobyev, M.; Jones, C. D. Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 202, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.21.2951	journal	November 1999

Cited By (21)

High-density lipoprotein receptor SCARB1 is required for carotenoid coloration in birds Toomey, Matthew B.; Lopes, Ricardo J.; Araújo, Pedro M. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700751114	journal	May 2017
The effects of sun exposure on carotenoid accumulation and oxidative stress in the retina of the House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) Toomey, Matthew B.; McGraw, Kevin J. Avian Research, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-016-0041-6	journal	March 2016
Body coloration and mechanisms of colour production in Archelosauria: the case of deirocheline turtles Brejcha, Jindřich; Bataller, José Vicente; Bosáková, Zuzana Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190319	journal	July 2019
Light propagation and capture in cone photoreceptors Meadway, Alexander; Sincich, Lawrence C. Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.9.005543	journal	January 2018
Evolution, Development and Function of Vertebrate Cone Oil Droplets Toomey, Matthew B.; Corbo, Joseph C. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2017.00097	journal	December 2017
Carotenoid composition and conformation in retinal oil droplets of the domestic chicken* Arteni, Ana-Andreea; LaFountain, Amy M.; Alexandre, Maxime T. A. PLOS ONE, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217418	journal	May 2019
Evolution of CYP2J19, a gene involved in colour vision and red coloration in birds: positive selection in the face of conservation and pleiotropy Twyman, Hanlu; Andersson, Staffan; Mundy, Nicholas I. BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1136-y	journal	February 2018
Evolution, Development and Function of Vertebrate Cone Oil Droplets Toomey, Matthew B.; Corbo, Joseph C. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2017.00097	journal	December 2017
Coevolution of coloration and colour vision? Lind, Olle; Henze, Miriam J.; Kelber, Almut Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 372, Issue 1724 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0338	journal	May 2017
Simple and complex retinal dystrophies are associated with profoundly different disease networks Kiel, Christina; Lastrucci, Claire; Luthert, Philip J. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41835	journal	January 2017
Colour vision and background adaptation in a passerine bird, the zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ) Lind, Olle Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160383	journal	September 2016
Structure versus time in the evolutionary diversification of avian carotenoid metabolic networks Morrison, Erin S.; Badyaev, Alexander V. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13257	journal	March 2018
Evolution of CYP2J19, a gene involved in colour vision and red coloration in birds: positive selection in the face of conservation and pleiotropy. Twyman, Hanlu; Andersson, Staffan; Mundy, Nicholas Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.21908	text	January 2018
Complementary shifts in photoreceptor spectral tuning unlock the full adaptive potential of ultraviolet vision in birds Toomey, Matthew B.; Lind, Olle; Frederiksen, Rikard eLife, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.15675	journal	July 2016
Convergent evolution of cytochrome P450s underlies independent origins of keto-carotenoid pigmentation in animals Wybouw, Nicky; Kurlovs, Andre H.; Greenhalgh, Robert Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 286, Issue 1907 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1039	journal	July 2019
Body coloration and mechanisms of colour production in Archelosauria: the case of deirocheline turtles Brejcha, Jindřich; Bataller, José Vicente; Bosáková, Zuzana Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190319	journal	July 2019
Optical influence of oil droplets on cone photoreceptor sensitivity Wilby, David; Roberts, Nicholas W. Journal of Experimental Biology https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.152918	journal	January 2017
Carotenoid composition and conformation in retinal oil droplets of the domestic chicken* Arteni, Ana-Andreea; LaFountain, Amy M.; Alexandre, Maxime T. A. PLOS ONE, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217418	journal	May 2019
Dietary carotenoid availability affects avian color discrimination Lim, Hui Hui; Pike, Thomas W. Behavioral Ecology https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arw116	journal	July 2016
Body coloration and mechanisms of colour production in Archelosauria: The case of deirocheline turtles Brejcha, Jindřich; Bataller, José Vicente; Bosáková, Zuzana Royal Society Open Science https://doi.org/10.1101/556670	journal	February 2019
Complementary shifts in photoreceptor spectral tuning unlock the full adaptive potential of ultraviolet vision in birds Toomey, Matthew B.; Lind, Olle; Frederiksen, Rikard eLife, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.15675	journal	July 2016

Similar Records

Production of carotenoids from aromatics and pretreated lignocellulosic biomass by Novosphingobium aromaticivorans

Journal Article · 2023 · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · OSTI ID:2222551

Hall, Benjamin W.; Kontur, Wayne S.; Neri, Jeanette C.; +4 more

Photoinhibition and zeaxanthin formation in intact leaves. A possible role of the xanthophyll cycle in the dissipation of excess light energy. [Populus balsamifera; Hedera; helix; Monstrosa deliciosa]

Journal Article · 1987 · Plant Physiol.; (United States) · OSTI ID:6060385

Demmig, B; Winter, K; Krueger, A; +1 more

Pigment modulation in response to irradiance intensity in the fast-growing alga Picochlorum celeri

Journal Article · 2021 · Algal Research · OSTI ID:1963661

Cano, Melissa; Karns, Devin A. J.; Weissman, Joseph C.; +2 more

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Title: A complex carotenoid palette tunes avian color vision.

Citation Formats

References (57)

Cited By (21)

Similar Records

Related Subjects