DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Dynamic Pattern Formation in Electron-Beam-Induced Etching [Emergent formation of dynamic topographic patterns in electron beam induced etching]

Abstract

Here, we report highly ordered topographic patterns that form on the surface of diamond, span multiple length scales, and have a symmetry controlled by the precursor gas species used in electron-beam-induced etching (EBIE). The pattern formation dynamics reveals an etch rate anisotropy and an electron energy transfer pathway that is overlooked by existing EBIE models. Therefore, we, modify established theory such that it explains our results and remains universally applicable to EBIE. Furthermore, the patterns can be exploited in controlled wetting, optical structuring, and other emerging applications that require nano- and microscale surface texturing of a wide band-gap material.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [3]
  1. Univ. of Technology Sydney, NSW (Astralia). School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences; Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR (United States)
  3. Univ. of Technology Sydney, NSW (Astralia). School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1366917
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1229785
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-676897
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; 130100592
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 115; Journal Issue: 25; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Martin, Aiden A., Bahm, Alan, Bishop, James, Aharonovich, Igor, and Toth, Milos. Dynamic Pattern Formation in Electron-Beam-Induced Etching [Emergent formation of dynamic topographic patterns in electron beam induced etching]. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.255501.
Martin, Aiden A., Bahm, Alan, Bishop, James, Aharonovich, Igor, & Toth, Milos. Dynamic Pattern Formation in Electron-Beam-Induced Etching [Emergent formation of dynamic topographic patterns in electron beam induced etching]. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.255501
Martin, Aiden A., Bahm, Alan, Bishop, James, Aharonovich, Igor, and Toth, Milos. Tue . "Dynamic Pattern Formation in Electron-Beam-Induced Etching [Emergent formation of dynamic topographic patterns in electron beam induced etching]". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.255501. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1366917.
@article{osti_1366917,
title = {Dynamic Pattern Formation in Electron-Beam-Induced Etching [Emergent formation of dynamic topographic patterns in electron beam induced etching]},
author = {Martin, Aiden A. and Bahm, Alan and Bishop, James and Aharonovich, Igor and Toth, Milos},
abstractNote = {Here, we report highly ordered topographic patterns that form on the surface of diamond, span multiple length scales, and have a symmetry controlled by the precursor gas species used in electron-beam-induced etching (EBIE). The pattern formation dynamics reveals an etch rate anisotropy and an electron energy transfer pathway that is overlooked by existing EBIE models. Therefore, we, modify established theory such that it explains our results and remains universally applicable to EBIE. Furthermore, the patterns can be exploited in controlled wetting, optical structuring, and other emerging applications that require nano- and microscale surface texturing of a wide band-gap material.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.255501},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 25,
volume = 115,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Tue Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}

Journal Article:

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 18 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Electron beam induced chemical dry etching and imaging in gaseous NH 3 environments
journal, August 2012


Deposition of Highly Porous Nanocrystalline Platinum on Functionalized Substrates Through Fluorine-Induced Decomposition of Pt(PF 3 ) 4 Adsorbates
journal, June 2013

  • Randolph, Steven J.; Botman, Aurelien; Toth, Milos
  • Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, Vol. 30, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.201300036

Activation energy and mechanism of CO desorption from (100) diamond surface
journal, November 1993

  • Frenklach, M.; Huang, D.; Thomas, R. E.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 63, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.110217

Reaction-Diffusion Model as a Framework for Understanding Biological Pattern Formation
journal, September 2010


Role of Activated Chemisorption in Gas-Mediated Electron Beam Induced Deposition
journal, October 2012


Kinetics of gas mediated electron beam induced etching
journal, November 2011

  • Randolph, Steven; Toth, Milos; Cullen, Jared
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3662928

Effect of steps on dislocations in CVD diamond grown on {001} substrates
journal, August 2009

  • Martineau, Philip; Gaukroger, Mike; Khan, Riz
  • physica status solidi (c), Vol. 6, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200881465

Level Set Methods and Dynamic Implicit Surfaces
book, January 2003

  • Osher, Stanley; Fedkiw, Ronald
  • Applied Mathematical Sciences
  • DOI: 10.1007/b98879

Controlled focused electron beam-induced etching for the fabrication of sub-beam-size nanoholes
journal, January 2008

  • Miyazoe, Hiroyuki; Utke, Ivo; Michler, Johann
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.2839334

Maskless milling of diamond by a focused oxygen ion beam
journal, March 2015

  • Martin, Aiden A.; Randolph, Steven; Botman, Aurelien
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep08958

Dynamic Surface Site Activation: A Rate Limiting Process in Electron Beam Induced Etching
journal, July 2013

  • Martin, Aiden A.; Phillips, Matthew R.; Toth, Milos
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 5, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1021/am402083n

Application of the Level Set Method in Three-Dimensional Simulations of the Profile Evolution
journal, October 2014

  • Radjenović, Branislav
  • International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 4, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.9734/IRJPAC/2014/8704

Pattern formation outside of equilibrium
journal, July 1993


Electron Beam Assisted Chemical Etching of Single-Crystal Diamond Substrates with Hydrogen Gas
journal, December 1997

  • Taniguchi, Jun; Miyamoto, Iwao; Ohno, Naoto
  • Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 36, Issue Part 1, No. 12B
  • DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.36.7691

Temperature and Water Vapor Pressure Effects on the Friction Coefficient of Hydrogenated Diamondlike Carbon Films
journal, May 2009

  • Dickrell, Pamela L.; Argibay, N.; Eryilmaz, Osman L.
  • Journal of Tribology, Vol. 131, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1115/1.3139047

Continuum models of focused electron beam induced processing
journal, January 2015

  • Toth, Milos; Lobo, Charlene; Friedli, Vinzenz
  • Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 6
  • DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.157

An overview of level set methods for etching, deposition, and lithography development
journal, January 1997

  • Sethian, J. A.; Adalsteinsson, D.
  • IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1109/66.554505

3D simulations of the profile evolution during anisotropic wet etching of silicon
journal, May 2009

  • Radjenović, Branislav; Radmilović-Radjenović, Marija
  • Thin Solid Films, Vol. 517, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.02.007

Two-photon polarization-selective etching of emergent nano-structures on diamond surfaces
journal, March 2014

  • Lehmann, A.; Bradac, C.; Mildren, R. P.
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4341

Nanoscale electron beam induced etching: a continuum model that correlates the etch profile to the experimental parameters
journal, October 2008


Ion-Beam-Assisted Lift-Off Technique for Three-Dimensional Micromachining of Freestanding Single-Crystal Diamond
journal, October 2005


Localized Probing of Gas Molecule Adsorption Energies and Desorption Attempt Frequencies
journal, June 2015

  • Cullen, Jared; Bahm, Alan; Lobo, Charlene J.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 28
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00918

Electron beam induced etching of silicon with SF6
journal, November 2010

  • Vanhove, N.; Lievens, P.; Vandervorst, W.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 28, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1116/1.3504594

Reshaping the Plasmonic Properties of an Individual Nanoparticle
journal, December 2009

  • Lassiter, J. Britt; Knight, Mark W.; Mirin, Nikolay A.
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl9025665

Sparse field level set method for non-convex Hamiltonians in 3D plasma etching profile simulations
journal, January 2006

  • Radjenović, Branislav; Lee, Jae Koo; Radmilović-Radjenović, Marija
  • Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 174, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2005.09.010

Effect of Electron Beam-Induced Deposition and Etching Under Bias
journal, January 2007

  • Choi, Young R.; Rack, Philip D.; Frost, Bernhard
  • Scanning, Vol. 29, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/sca.20060

Thermal Desorption of Large Molecules from Solid Surfaces
journal, October 2002


Effects of low-energy electron irradiation on formation of nitrogen–vacancy centers in single-crystal diamond
journal, April 2012


Measurements of the energy dependence of electron beam assisted etching of, and deposition on, silica
journal, February 1990


The interaction of oxygen and hydrogen on a diamond C(111) surface: a synchrotron radiation photoemission, LEED and AES study
journal, June 1996


Subtractive 3D Printing of Optically Active Diamond Structures
journal, May 2014

  • Martin, Aiden A.; Toth, Milos; Aharonovich, Igor
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep05022

Geometric Level Set Methods in Imaging, Vision, and Graphics
book, January 2003

  • Osher, Stanley; Paragios, Nikos
  • Springer New York, NY
  • DOI: 10.1007/b97541

Electron beam induced etching of carbon
journal, July 2015

  • Martin, Aiden A.; McCredie, Geoffrey; Toth, Milos
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4927593

Nanoscale electron-beam-stimulated processing
journal, April 2003

  • Rack, P. D.; Randolph, S.; Deng, Y.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 82, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1565696

3D Nanofluidic Channels Shaped by Electron-Beam-Induced Etching
journal, March 2012


Oxidation and Etching of CVD Diamond by Thermal and Hyperthermal Atomic Oxygen
journal, October 2010

  • Shpilman, Zeev; Gouzman, Irina; Grossman, Eitan
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 44
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp1073208

Cryogenic Electron Beam Induced Chemical Etching
journal, October 2014

  • Martin, Aiden A.; Toth, Milos
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1021/am506163w

Interaction of water vapor with bare and hydrogenated diamond film surfaces
journal, February 2004


Focused electron beam induced etching of titanium with XeF 2
journal, May 2011


Three-Dimensional Simulations of the Anisotropic Etching Profile Evolution for Producing Nanoscale Devices
journal, March 2011


Pore structure analysis by water vapor adsorption
journal, March 1969

  • Hagymassy, Julius; Brunauer, Stephen; Mikhail, R. Sh
  • Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 29, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(69)90132-5

Works referencing / citing this record:

Ambient Protection of Few-Layer Black Phosphorus via Sequestration of Reactive Oxygen Species
journal, May 2017

  • Walia, Sumeet; Balendhran, Sivacarendran; Ahmed, Taimur
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 27
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700152

Patterning of diamond with 10 nm resolution by electron-beam-induced etching
journal, June 2019


Patterning of diamond with 10 nm resolution by electron-beam-induced etching
text, January 2019