Magnetic structure of light nuclei from lattice QCD

Chang, Emmanuel; Detmold, William; Orginos, Kostas; Parreño, Assumpta; Savage, Martin J.; Tiburzi, Brian C.; Beane, Silas R.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.92.114502

Title: Magnetic structure of light nuclei from lattice QCD

Abstract

Lattice QCD with background magnetic fields is used to calculate the magnetic moments and magnetic polarizabilities of the nucleons and of light nuclei with $$A\le4$$, along with the cross-section for the $M1$ transition $$np\rightarrow d\gamma$$, at the flavor SU(3)-symmetric point where the pion mass is $$m_\pi\sim 806$$ MeV. These magnetic properties are extracted from nucleon and nuclear energies in six uniform magnetic fields of varying strengths. The magnetic moments are presented in a recent Letter. For the charged states, the extraction of the polarizability requires careful treatment of Landau levels, which enter non-trivially in the method that is employed. The nucleon polarizabilities are found to be of similar magnitude to their physical values, with $$\beta_p=5.22(+0.66/-0.45)(0.23) \times 10^{-4}$$ fm$^3$ and $$\beta_n=1.253(+0.056/-0.067)(0.055) \times 10^{-4}$$ fm$^3$, exhibiting a significant isovector component. The dineutron is bound at these heavy quark masses and its magnetic polarizability, $$\beta_{nn}=1.872(+0.121/-0.113)(0.082) \times 10^{-4}$$ fm$^3$ differs significantly from twice that of the neutron. A linear combination of deuteron scalar and tensor polarizabilities is determined by the energies of the $$j_z=\pm 1$$ deuteron states, and is found to be $$\beta_{d,\pm 1}=4.4(+1.6/-1.5)(0.2) \times 10^{-4}$$ fm$^3$. The magnetic polarizabilities of the three-nucleon and four-nucleon systems are found to be positive and similar in size to those of the proton, $$\beta_{^{3}\rm He}=5.4(+2.2/-2.1)(0.2) \times 10^{-4}$$ fm$^3$, $$\beta_{^{3}\rm H}=2.6(1.7)(0.1) \times 10^{-4}$$ fm$^3$, $$\beta_{^{4}\rm He}=3.4(+2.0/-1.9)(0.2) \times 10^{-4}$$ fm$^3$. Mixing between the $$j_z=0$$ deuteron state and the spin-singlet $np$ state induced by the background magnetic field is used to extract the short-distance two-nucleon counterterm, $${\bar L}_1$$, of the pionless effective theory for $NN$ systems (equivalent to the meson-exchange current contribution in nuclear potential models), that dictates the cross-section for the $$np\to d\gamma$$ process near threshold. Thus, combined with previous determinations of NN scattering parameters, this enables an ab initio determination of the threshold cross-section at these unphysical masses.

Authors:

Chang, Emmanuel ^[1]; Detmold, William ^[2]; Orginos, Kostas ^[3]; Parreño, Assumpta ^[4]; Savage, Martin J. ^[1]; Tiburzi, Brian C. ^[5]; Beane, Silas R. ^[1]

Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States); Jefferson Lab., Newport News, VA (United States)
Univ. of Barcelona, Marti Franques (Spain)
The City College of New York, New York, NY (United States); The CIty Univ. of New York, New York, NY (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: 2015-12-09

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Contributing Org.:: NPLQCD Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1228040

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1228722

Report Number(s):: JLAB-THY-15-2109; DOE/OR/23177-3492; arXiv:1506.05518
Journal ID: ISSN 1550-7998; PRVDAQ

Grant/Contract Number:: OCI1053575; PHY1206498; PHY1205778; AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725; FG02-04ER41302; AC05-06OR23177; FG02-00ER41132; SC0010495; FIS2011-24154

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review. D, Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 92; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1550-7998

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    Chang, Emmanuel, Detmold, William, Orginos, Kostas, Parreño, Assumpta, Savage, Martin J., Tiburzi, Brian C., and Beane, Silas R. Magnetic structure of light nuclei from lattice QCD.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.92.114502.

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                    Chang, Emmanuel, Detmold, William, Orginos, Kostas, Parreño, Assumpta, Savage, Martin J., Tiburzi, Brian C., & Beane, Silas R. Magnetic structure of light nuclei from lattice QCD.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.114502

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                    Chang, Emmanuel, Detmold, William, Orginos, Kostas, Parreño, Assumpta, Savage, Martin J., Tiburzi, Brian C., and Beane, Silas R. Wed .  
"Magnetic structure of light nuclei from lattice QCD".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.114502.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1228040.

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@article{osti_1228040,

  title        = {Magnetic structure of light nuclei from lattice QCD},

  author       = {Chang, Emmanuel and Detmold, William and Orginos, Kostas and Parreño, Assumpta and Savage, Martin J. and Tiburzi, Brian C. and Beane, Silas R.},

  abstractNote = {Lattice QCD with background magnetic fields is used to calculate the magnetic moments and magnetic polarizabilities of the nucleons and of light nuclei with $A\le4$, along with the cross-section for the $M1$ transition $np\rightarrow d\gamma$, at the flavor SU(3)-symmetric point where the pion mass is $m_\pi\sim 806$ MeV. These magnetic properties are extracted from nucleon and nuclear energies in six uniform magnetic fields of varying strengths. The magnetic moments are presented in a recent Letter. For the charged states, the extraction of the polarizability requires careful treatment of Landau levels, which enter non-trivially in the method that is employed. The nucleon polarizabilities are found to be of similar magnitude to their physical values, with $\beta_p=5.22(+0.66/-0.45)(0.23) \times 10^{-4}$ fm$^3$ and $\beta_n=1.253(+0.056/-0.067)(0.055) \times 10^{-4}$ fm$^3$, exhibiting a significant isovector component. The dineutron is bound at these heavy quark masses and its magnetic polarizability, $\beta_{nn}=1.872(+0.121/-0.113)(0.082) \times 10^{-4}$ fm$^3$ differs significantly from twice that of the neutron. A linear combination of deuteron scalar and tensor polarizabilities is determined by the energies of the $j_z=\pm 1$ deuteron states, and is found to be $\beta_{d,\pm 1}=4.4(+1.6/-1.5)(0.2) \times 10^{-4}$ fm$^3$. The magnetic polarizabilities of the three-nucleon and four-nucleon systems are found to be positive and similar in size to those of the proton, $\beta_{^{3}\rm He}=5.4(+2.2/-2.1)(0.2) \times 10^{-4}$ fm$^3$, $\beta_{^{3}\rm H}=2.6(1.7)(0.1) \times 10^{-4}$ fm$^3$, $\beta_{^{4}\rm He}=3.4(+2.0/-1.9)(0.2) \times 10^{-4}$ fm$^3$. Mixing between the $j_z=0$ deuteron state and the spin-singlet $np$ state induced by the background magnetic field is used to extract the short-distance two-nucleon counterterm, ${\bar L}_1$, of the pionless effective theory for $NN$ systems (equivalent to the meson-exchange current contribution in nuclear potential models), that dictates the cross-section for the $np\to d\gamma$ process near threshold. Thus, combined with previous determinations of NN scattering parameters, this enables an ab initio determination of the threshold cross-section at these unphysical masses.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.92.114502},

  journal      = {Physical Review. D, Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 92,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2015},

  month        = {12}

}

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Detmold, William; Edwards, Robert G.; Dudek, Jozef J.
The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 55, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1140/epja/i2019-12902-4

Nucleon Polarisabilities at and Beyond Physical Pion Masses
text, January 2015

Griesshammer, Harald W.; McGovern, Judith A.; Phillips, Daniel R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1511.01952

Three-particle quantization condition in a finite volume: 1. The role of the three-particle force
text, January 2017

Hammer, H. -W.; Pang, J. -Y.; Rusetsky, A.
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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1706.07700

Three particle quantization condition in a finite volume: 2. general formalism and the analysis of data
text, January 2017

Hammer, H. -W.; Pang, J. -Y.; Rusetsky, A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1707.02176

Exposing Novel Quark and Gluon Effects in Nuclei
text, January 2019

Cloët, I. C.; Dupré, R.; Riordan, S.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1902.10572

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Title: Magnetic structure of light nuclei from lattice QCD

Abstract

Citation Formats

Reconciling the lattice background field method with nonrelativistic QED: Spinor case journal, October 2014

Proton Compton effect: A measurement of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the proton journal, September 1991

180° Compton scattering by the proton below the pion threshold journal, March 1992

Measurement of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the proton journal, October 1995

Review of Particle Physics journal, July 2012

Measurement of Compton Scattering from the Deuteron and an Improved Extraction of the Neutron Electromagnetic Polarizabilities journal, December 2014

Proton polarizabilities from Compton data using covariant chiral effective field theory journal, March 2014

Quasi-free Compton scattering and the polarizabilities of the neutron journal, February 2003

Compton Scattering from the Deuteron and Extracted Neutron Polarizabilities journal, May 2003

The chiral structure of the neutron as revealed in electron and photon scattering journal, September 2009

Hadron Polarizabilities journal, October 2014

Electromagnetic polarisability of the nucleon in chiral perturbation theory journal, November 1992

Strong and electromagnetic decays of the baryon decuplet journal, June 1993

Response of nucleons to external probes in hedgehog models. I. Electromagnetic polarizabilities journal, January 1993

The role of the Δ isobar in chiral perturbation theory and hedgehog soliton models journal, October 1992

Effective theory of the Δ ( 1232 ) resonance in Compton scattering off the nucleon journal, May 2003

Electromagnetic and spin polarizabilities in lattice QCD journal, June 2006

The polarizability of the deuteron journal, December 1998

Using Effective Field Theory to analyse low-energy Compton scattering data from protons and light nuclei journal, October 2012

Research opportunities at the upgraded HIγS facility journal, January 2009

Real and virtual Compton scattering: The nucleon polarisabilities journal, September 2011

Compton scattering from 6 Li at 60 MeV journal, October 2012

Compton scattering from C 12 using tagged photons in the energy range 65–115 MeV journal, March 2014

Compton scattering from Li 6 at 86 MeV journal, August 2014

Meson exchange effects in n + p → d + γ journal, February 1972

Meson exchange currents in deuteron electro-disintegration journal, December 1973

Magnetic Moments of Light Nuclei from Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics journal, December 2014

Ab initio Calculation of the n p → d γ Radiative Capture Process journal, September 2015

On-shell improved lattice gauge theories journal, March 1985

Improved continuum limit lattice action for QCD with wilson fermions journal, September 1985

Light nuclei and hypernuclei from quantum chromodynamics in the limit of SU(3) flavor symmetry journal, February 2013

Nucleon-nucleon scattering parameters in the limit of SU(3) flavor symmetry journal, August 2013

Lattice Quantum-Chromodynamics Calculation of Some Baryon Magnetic Moments journal, October 1982

The proton and neutron magnetic moments in lattice QCD journal, October 1982

Baryon magnetic moments in the background field method journal, October 2005

Magnetic polarizability of hadrons from lattice QCD in the background field method journal, February 2006

Lattice calculation of the magnetic moments of Δ and Ω − baryons with dynamical clover fermions journal, March 2009

Extracting electric polarizabilities from lattice QCD journal, May 2009

Extracting nucleon magnetic moments and electric polarizabilities from lattice QCD in background electric fields journal, March 2010

Magnetic properties of the nucleon in a uniform background field journal, February 2014

A study of hadron electric polarizability in quenched lattice QCD journal, September 1989

Electric polarizability of neutral hadrons from lattice QCD journal, August 2005

Electric polarizability of neutral hadrons from dynamical lattice QCD ensembles journal, April 2014

Sea quark contributions to the electric polarizability of hadrons journal, September 2014

A property of electric and magnetic flux in non-Abelian gauge theories journal, January 1979

The magnetic moments of the octet baryons in quenched chiral perturbation theory journal, March 2002

Baryons in partially quenched chiral perturbation theory journal, April 2002

Nucleons in two-flavor partially-quenched chiral perturbation theory journal, October 2002

Lattice study of quark and glue momenta and angular momenta in the nucleon journal, January 2015

High-precision calculation of the strange nucleon electromagnetic form factors journal, August 2015

Glueball masses and string tension in lattice QCD journal, June 1987

Nuclear correlation functions in lattice QCD journal, June 2013

Method to extract charged hadron properties from lattice QCD in magnetic fields journal, March 2013

Comment on “Complete One-Loop Analysis of the Nucleon's Spin Polarizabilities” journal, April 2001

Nuclear physics from lattice QCD journal, January 2011

Two-nucleon systems in a finite volume. II. S 1 3 − D 1 3 coupled channels and the deuteron journal, December 2013

Perturbative calculation of the electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron journal, February 1999

Nucleon-nucleon effective field theory without pions journal, July 1999

Rearranging pionless effective field theory journal, November 2001

Electroweak matrix elements in the two-nucleon sector from lattice QCD journal, October 2004

Volume dependence of the energy spectrum in massive quantum field theories: II. Scattering states journal, June 1986

Two-particle states on a torus and their relation to the scattering matrix journal, May 1991

Two nucleons on a lattice journal, April 2004

How to calculate the elastic scattering matrix in two-dimensional quantum field theories by numerical simulation journal, July 1990

New class of quantum bound states: Diprotons in extreme magnetic fields journal, March 2007

Helium nuclei in quenched lattice QCD journal, June 2010

Helium nuclei, deuteron, and dineutron in 2 + 1 flavor lattice QCD journal, October 2012

n p → d γ for big-bang nucleosynthesis journal, November 1999

Precision calculation of cross section for big-bang nucleosynthesis journal, October 2000

The proton-thermal neutron capture cross section journal, December 1965

The Chroma Software System for Lattice QCD journal, March 2005

Discrete accidental symmetry for a particle in a constant magnetic field on a torus journal, February 2009

Two-baryon systems with twisted boundary conditions journal, April 2014

Neutron electric polarizability from unquenched lattice QCD using the background field approach journal, December 2007

Neutron in a strong magnetic field: Finite volume effects journal, April 2014

On Gauge Invariance and Vacuum Polarization journal, June 1951

Ab initio alpha–alpha scattering journal, December 2015

Reconciling the lattice background field method with nonrelativistic QED: Spinor case
journal, October 2014

Proton Compton effect: A measurement of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the proton
journal, September 1991

180° Compton scattering by the proton below the pion threshold
journal, March 1992

Measurement of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the proton
journal, October 1995

Review of Particle Physics
journal, July 2012

Measurement of Compton Scattering from the Deuteron and an Improved Extraction of the Neutron Electromagnetic Polarizabilities
journal, December 2014

Proton polarizabilities from Compton data using covariant chiral effective field theory
journal, March 2014

Quasi-free Compton scattering and the polarizabilities of the neutron
journal, February 2003

Compton Scattering from the Deuteron and Extracted Neutron Polarizabilities
journal, May 2003

The chiral structure of the neutron as revealed in electron and photon scattering
journal, September 2009

Hadron Polarizabilities
journal, October 2014

Electromagnetic polarisability of the nucleon in chiral perturbation theory
journal, November 1992

Strong and electromagnetic decays of the baryon decuplet
journal, June 1993

Response of nucleons to external probes in hedgehog models. I. Electromagnetic polarizabilities
journal, January 1993

The role of the Δ isobar in chiral perturbation theory and hedgehog soliton models
journal, October 1992

Effective theory of the $Δ (1232)$ resonance in Compton scattering off the nucleon
journal, May 2003

Electromagnetic and spin polarizabilities in lattice QCD
journal, June 2006

The polarizability of the deuteron
journal, December 1998

Using Effective Field Theory to analyse low-energy Compton scattering data from protons and light nuclei
journal, October 2012

Research opportunities at the upgraded HIγS facility
journal, January 2009

Real and virtual Compton scattering: The nucleon polarisabilities
journal, September 2011

Compton scattering from $^{6}$ Li at 60 MeV
journal, October 2012

Compton scattering from ${}^{12}C$ using tagged photons in the energy range 65–115 MeV
journal, March 2014

Compton scattering from ${}^{6}{Li}$ at 86 MeV
journal, August 2014

Meson exchange effects in n + p → d + γ
journal, February 1972

Meson exchange currents in deuteron electro-disintegration
journal, December 1973

Magnetic Moments of Light Nuclei from Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics
journal, December 2014

Ab initio Calculation of the $n p \to d γ$ Radiative Capture Process
journal, September 2015

On-shell improved lattice gauge theories
journal, March 1985

Improved continuum limit lattice action for QCD with wilson fermions
journal, September 1985

Light nuclei and hypernuclei from quantum chromodynamics in the limit of SU(3) flavor symmetry
journal, February 2013

Nucleon-nucleon scattering parameters in the limit of SU(3) flavor symmetry
journal, August 2013

Lattice Quantum-Chromodynamics Calculation of Some Baryon Magnetic Moments
journal, October 1982

The proton and neutron magnetic moments in lattice QCD
journal, October 1982

Baryon magnetic moments in the background field method
journal, October 2005

Magnetic polarizability of hadrons from lattice QCD in the background field method
journal, February 2006

Lattice calculation of the magnetic moments of $Δ$ and $Ω^{-}$ baryons with dynamical clover fermions
journal, March 2009

Extracting electric polarizabilities from lattice QCD
journal, May 2009

Extracting nucleon magnetic moments and electric polarizabilities from lattice QCD in background electric fields
journal, March 2010

Magnetic properties of the nucleon in a uniform background field
journal, February 2014

A study of hadron electric polarizability in quenched lattice QCD
journal, September 1989

Electric polarizability of neutral hadrons from lattice QCD
journal, August 2005

Electric polarizability of neutral hadrons from dynamical lattice QCD ensembles
journal, April 2014

Sea quark contributions to the electric polarizability of hadrons
journal, September 2014

A property of electric and magnetic flux in non-Abelian gauge theories
journal, January 1979

The magnetic moments of the octet baryons in quenched chiral perturbation theory
journal, March 2002

Baryons in partially quenched chiral perturbation theory
journal, April 2002

Nucleons in two-flavor partially-quenched chiral perturbation theory
journal, October 2002

Lattice study of quark and glue momenta and angular momenta in the nucleon
journal, January 2015

High-precision calculation of the strange nucleon electromagnetic form factors
journal, August 2015

Glueball masses and string tension in lattice QCD
journal, June 1987

Nuclear correlation functions in lattice QCD
journal, June 2013

Method to extract charged hadron properties from lattice QCD in magnetic fields
journal, March 2013

Comment on “Complete One-Loop Analysis of the Nucleon's Spin Polarizabilities”
journal, April 2001

Nuclear physics from lattice QCD
journal, January 2011

Two-nucleon systems in a finite volume. II. ${}^{3}S_{1} − {}^{3}D_{1}$ coupled channels and the deuteron
journal, December 2013

Perturbative calculation of the electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron
journal, February 1999

Nucleon-nucleon effective field theory without pions
journal, July 1999

Rearranging pionless effective field theory
journal, November 2001

Electroweak matrix elements in the two-nucleon sector from lattice QCD
journal, October 2004

Volume dependence of the energy spectrum in massive quantum field theories: II. Scattering states
journal, June 1986

Two-particle states on a torus and their relation to the scattering matrix
journal, May 1991

Two nucleons on a lattice
journal, April 2004

How to calculate the elastic scattering matrix in two-dimensional quantum field theories by numerical simulation
journal, July 1990

New class of quantum bound states: Diprotons in extreme magnetic fields
journal, March 2007

Helium nuclei in quenched lattice QCD
journal, June 2010

Helium nuclei, deuteron, and dineutron in $2 + 1$ flavor lattice QCD
journal, October 2012

$n \vec{p} d γ$ for big-bang nucleosynthesis
journal, November 1999

Precision calculation of cross section for big-bang nucleosynthesis
journal, October 2000

The proton-thermal neutron capture cross section
journal, December 1965

The Chroma Software System for Lattice QCD
journal, March 2005

Discrete accidental symmetry for a particle in a constant magnetic field on a torus
journal, February 2009

Two-baryon systems with twisted boundary conditions
journal, April 2014

Neutron electric polarizability from unquenched lattice QCD using the background field approach
journal, December 2007

Neutron in a strong magnetic field: Finite volume effects
journal, April 2014

On Gauge Invariance and Vacuum Polarization
journal, June 1951

Ab initio alpha–alpha scattering
journal, December 2015

Challenges in nuclear structure theory
journal, March 2016

Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei
journal, July 2019

Nucleon polarisabilities at and beyond physical pion masses
journal, May 2016