Photoinduced Spontaneous Free-Carrier Generation in Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Abstract
The strong quantum confinement and low dielectric screening impart single-walled carbon nanotubes with exciton-binding energies substantially exceeding kBT at room temperature. Despite these large binding energies, reported photoluminescence quantum yields are typically low and some studies suggest that photoexcitation of carbon nanotube excitonic transitions can produce free charge carriers. Here we report the direct measurement of long-lived free-carrier generation in chirality-pure, single-walled carbon nanotubes in a low dielectric solvent. Time-resolved microwave conductivity enables contactless and quantitative measurement of the real and imaginary photoconductance of individually suspended nanotubes. We found that the conditions of the microwave conductivity measurement allow us to avoid the complications of most previous measurements of nanotube free-carrier generation, including tube–tube/tube–electrode contact, dielectric screening by nearby excitons and many-body interactions. At low photon fluence (approximately 0.05 excitons per μm length of tubes), we directly observe free carriers on excitation of the first and second carbon nanotube exciton transitions.
- Authors:
-
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1227714
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5900-64645
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723; MainId:11995;UUID:08b8fde6-4a20-e511-8e4e-d89d67132a6d;MainAdminID:475
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Communications
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; quantum confinement; carbon nanotubes; binding energies; photoluminescence
Citation Formats
Park, Jaehong, Reid, Obadiah G., Blackburn, Jeffrey L., and Rumbles, Garry. Photoinduced Spontaneous Free-Carrier Generation in Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1038/ncomms9809.
Park, Jaehong, Reid, Obadiah G., Blackburn, Jeffrey L., & Rumbles, Garry. Photoinduced Spontaneous Free-Carrier Generation in Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9809
Park, Jaehong, Reid, Obadiah G., Blackburn, Jeffrey L., and Rumbles, Garry. Wed .
"Photoinduced Spontaneous Free-Carrier Generation in Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9809. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1227714.
@article{osti_1227714,
title = {Photoinduced Spontaneous Free-Carrier Generation in Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes},
author = {Park, Jaehong and Reid, Obadiah G. and Blackburn, Jeffrey L. and Rumbles, Garry},
abstractNote = {The strong quantum confinement and low dielectric screening impart single-walled carbon nanotubes with exciton-binding energies substantially exceeding kBT at room temperature. Despite these large binding energies, reported photoluminescence quantum yields are typically low and some studies suggest that photoexcitation of carbon nanotube excitonic transitions can produce free charge carriers. Here we report the direct measurement of long-lived free-carrier generation in chirality-pure, single-walled carbon nanotubes in a low dielectric solvent. Time-resolved microwave conductivity enables contactless and quantitative measurement of the real and imaginary photoconductance of individually suspended nanotubes. We found that the conditions of the microwave conductivity measurement allow us to avoid the complications of most previous measurements of nanotube free-carrier generation, including tube–tube/tube–electrode contact, dielectric screening by nearby excitons and many-body interactions. At low photon fluence (approximately 0.05 excitons per μm length of tubes), we directly observe free carriers on excitation of the first and second carbon nanotube exciton transitions.},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms9809},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = ,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Wed Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
The Optical Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes Arise from Excitons
journal, May 2005
- Wang, F.
- Science, Vol. 308, Issue 5723
Excitons in nanoscale systems
journal, September 2006
- Scholes, Gregory D.; Rumbles, Garry
- Nature Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 9
Long-Lived Charged States in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
journal, February 2006
- Gadermaier, Christoph; Menna, Enzo; Meneghetti, Moreno
- Nano Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 2
Photogenerated Free Carrier Dynamics in Metal and Semiconductor Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films
journal, December 2008
- Beard, Matthew C.; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Heben, Michael J.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 12
Photocurrent generation in semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotubes
journal, November 2013
- Barkelid, Maria; Zwiller, Val
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Free Carrier Generation and Recombination in Polymer-Wrapped Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Films and Heterojunctions
journal, October 2013
- Bindl, Dominick J.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Wu, Meng-Yin
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 21
Ultrafast Charge Photogeneration in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes
journal, May 2013
- Soavi, G.; Scotognella, F.; Brida, D.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 20
Biexciton, single carrier, and trion generation dynamics in single-walled carbon nanotubes
journal, May 2013
- Yuma, B.; Berciaud, S.; Besbas, J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 20
Photocurrent Quantum Yield of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes: Dependence on Excitation Energy and Exciton Binding Energy
journal, July 2014
- Kazaoui, Said; Cook, Steffan; Izard, Nicolas
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 31
Spontaneous Exciton Dissociation in Carbon Nanotubes
journal, March 2014
- Kumamoto, Y.; Yoshida, M.; Ishii, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 11
Photocurrent Spectroscopy of ( n , m ) Sorted Solution-Processed Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
journal, August 2014
- Engel, Michael; Moore, Katherine E.; Alam, Asiful
- ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 9
Ultrafast Excitation Energy Transfer in Small Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Aggregates
journal, June 2010
- Lüer, Larry; Crochet, Jared; Hertel, Tobias
- ACS Nano, Vol. 4, Issue 7
Determination of electron orbital magnetic moments in carbon nanotubes
journal, April 2004
- Minot, E. D.; Yaish, Yuval; Sazonova, Vera
- Nature, Vol. 428, Issue 6982
Carbon nanotubes in biology and medicine: In vitro and in vivo detection, imaging and drug delivery
journal, February 2009
- Liu, Zhuang; Tabakman, Scott; Welsher, Kevin
- Nano Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2
Fullerenes and carbon nanotubes as acceptor materials in organic photovoltaics
journal, January 2013
- Ferguson, Andrew J.; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Kopidakis, Nikos
- Materials Letters, Vol. 90
Highly selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes using aromatic polymers
journal, September 2007
- Nish, Adrian; Hwang, Jeong-Yuan; Doig, James
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, Issue 10, p. 640-646
Precision printing and optical modeling of ultrathin SWCNT/C 60 heterojunction solar cells
journal, January 2015
- Guillot, Sarah L.; Mistry, Kevin S.; Avery, Azure D.
- Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 15
Novel characteristics of conducting poly(9-alkylfluorene), poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene) and poly(1,10-bis(9′-alkylfluorenyl) alkane)
journal, May 1991
- Fukuda, Masahiko; Sawada, Keiji; Morita, Shigenori
- Synthetic Metals, Vol. 41, Issue 3
Electrochemical determination of the ionization potential and electron affinity of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)
journal, October 1998
- Janietz, S.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Grell, M.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 73, Issue 17
Singling out the Electrochemistry of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Solution
journal, June 2008
- Paolucci, Demis; Franco, Manuel Melle; Iurlo, Matteo
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, Issue 23
Silicon Nanocrystals and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Applied to Photovoltaic Cells
journal, June 2011
- Švrček, V.; Cook, S.; Kazaoui, S.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 14
Polaron Pair Formation, Migration, and Decay on Photoexcited Poly(phenylenevinylene) Chains
journal, January 1996
- Gelinck, Gerwin H.; Warman, John M.; Staring, Emiel G. J.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 100, Issue 13
Influence of Backbone Conformation on the Photoconductivity of Polydiacetylene Chains
journal, December 2000
- Hoofman, Romano J. O. M.; Gelinck, Gerwin H.; Siebbeles, Laurens D. A.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 33, Issue 25
Comprehensive Approach to Intrinsic Charge Carrier Mobility in Conjugated Organic Molecules, Macromolecules, and Supramolecular Architectures
journal, May 2012
- Saeki, Akinori; Koizumi, Yoshiko; Aida, Takuzo
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 45, Issue 8
Revealing the Dynamics of Charge Carriers in Polymer:Fullerene Blends Using Photoinduced Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity
journal, October 2013
- Savenije, Tom J.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Kopidakis, Nikos
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 46
Electrodeless time-resolved microwave conductivity study of charge-carrier photogeneration in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films
journal, July 2004
- Dicker, Gerald; de Haas, Matthijs P.; Siebbeles, Laurens D. A.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 70, Issue 4
Electrodeless Determination of the Trap Density, Decay Kinetics, and Charge Separation Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO 2
journal, June 2004
- Kroeze, Jessica E.; Savenije, Tom J.; Warman, John M.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 126, Issue 24
Photoconductive Coaxial Nanotubes of Molecularly Connected Electron Donor and Acceptor Layers
journal, December 2006
- Yamamoto, Y.; Fukushima, T.; Suna, Y.
- Science, Vol. 314, Issue 5806
Quenching of Excitons by Holes in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films
journal, May 2008
- Ferguson, Andrew J.; Kopidakis, Nikos; Shaheen, Sean E.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 112, Issue 26
Prolonging Charge Separation in P3HT−SWNT Composites Using Highly Enriched Semiconducting Nanotubes
journal, November 2010
- Holt, Josh M.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Kopidakis, Nikos
- Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 11
Quantitative Transient Absorption Measurements of Polaron Yield and Absorption Coefficient in Neat Conjugated Polymers
journal, June 2013
- Reid, Obadiah G.; Rumbles, Garry
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 14
Microstructure formation in molecular and polymer semiconductors assisted by nucleation agents
journal, June 2013
- Treat, Neil D.; Nekuda Malik, Jennifer A.; Reid, Obadiah
- Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 7
Charge Photogeneration in Neat Conjugated Polymers
journal, September 2013
- Reid, Obadiah G.; Pensack, Ryan D.; Song, Yin
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 1
Improved Understanding of the Electronic and Energetic Landscapes of Perovskite Solar Cells: High Local Charge Carrier Mobility, Reduced Recombination, and Extremely Shallow Traps
journal, September 2014
- Oga, Hikaru; Saeki, Akinori; Ogomi, Yuhei
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 39
Photon-induced molecular charge separation studied by nanosecond time-resolved microwave conductivity
journal, December 1982
- De Haas, Matthijs P.; Warman, John M.
- Chemical Physics, Vol. 73, Issue 1-2
Conductive response of a photo-excited sample in a radio-frequent driven resonance cavity
journal, June 2011
- Schins, Juleon M.; Talgorn, Elise
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 82, Issue 6
Frequency-Modulated Gigahertz Complex Conductivity of TiO 2 Nanoparticles: Interplay of Free and Shallowly Trapped Electrons
journal, September 2014
- Saeki, Akinori; Yasutani, Yoshihiro; Oga, Hikaru
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 39
Trap-limited carrier recombination in single-walled carbon nanotube heterojunctions with fullerene acceptor layers
journal, June 2015
- Ferguson, Andrew J.; Dowgiallo, Anne-Marie; Bindl, Dominick J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 24
Intersubband Exciton Relaxation Dynamics in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
journal, May 2005
- Manzoni, C.; Gambetta, A.; Menna, E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 20
Insights into Excitons Confined to Nanoscale Systems: Electron–Hole Interaction, Binding Energy, and Photodissociation
journal, February 2008
- Scholes, Gregory D.
- ACS Nano, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Dynamics and Transient Absorption Spectral Signatures of the Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Electronically Excited Triplet State
journal, November 2011
- Park, Jaehong; Deria, Pravas; Therien, Michael J.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 43
Triplet–triplet exciton dynamics in single-walled carbon nanotubes
journal, December 2013
- Stich, Dominik; Späth, Florian; Kraus, Hannes
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Semiconductor-enriched single wall carbon nanotube networks applied to field effect transistors
journal, June 2008
- Izard, N.; Kazaoui, S.; Hata, K.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 24
Band Structure, Phonon Scattering, and the Performance Limit of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Transistors
journal, September 2005
- Zhou, Xinjian; Park, Ji-Yong; Huang, Shaoming
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 14, Article No. 146805
Photoinduced Energy and Charge Transfer in P3HT:SWNT Composites
journal, July 2010
- Ferguson, Andrew J.; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Holt, Josh M.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 15
Contactless Determination of the Photoconductivity Action Spectrum, Exciton Diffusion Length, and Charge Separation Efficiency in Polythiophene-Sensitized TiO 2 Bilayers
journal, August 2003
- Kroeze, Jessica E.; Savenije, Tom J.; Vermeulen, Martien J. W.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 107, Issue 31
The Locus of Free Charge-Carrier Generation in Solution-Cast Zn1–xMgxO/Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Bilayers for Photovoltaic Applications
journal, December 2007
- Piris, J.; Kopidakis, N.; Olson, D. C.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 18
Photocurrent generation in semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotubes
dataset, January 2013
- Candidate), Barkelid, M. (PhD; Professor), Zwiller, V. (Assistant
- Nature Photonics
The Locus of Free Charge-Carrier Generation in Solution-Cast Zn1–xMgxO/Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Bilayers for Photovoltaic Applications
journal, December 2007
- Piris, J.; Kopidakis, N.; Olson, D. C.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 18
Comprehensive Approach to Intrinsic Charge Carrier Mobility in Conjugated Organic Molecules, Macromolecules, and Supramolecular Architectures
journal, May 2012
- Saeki, Akinori; Koizumi, Yoshiko; Aida, Takuzo
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 45, Issue 8
Electrodeless Determination of the Trap Density, Decay Kinetics, and Charge Separation Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO 2
journal, June 2004
- Kroeze, Jessica E.; Savenije, Tom J.; Warman, John M.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 126, Issue 24
Dynamics and Transient Absorption Spectral Signatures of the Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Electronically Excited Triplet State
journal, November 2011
- Park, Jaehong; Deria, Pravas; Therien, Michael J.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 43
Improved Understanding of the Electronic and Energetic Landscapes of Perovskite Solar Cells: High Local Charge Carrier Mobility, Reduced Recombination, and Extremely Shallow Traps
journal, September 2014
- Oga, Hikaru; Saeki, Akinori; Ogomi, Yuhei
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 39
Singling out the Electrochemistry of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Solution
journal, June 2008
- Paolucci, Demis; Franco, Manuel Melle; Iurlo, Matteo
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, Issue 23
Contactless Determination of the Photoconductivity Action Spectrum, Exciton Diffusion Length, and Charge Separation Efficiency in Polythiophene-Sensitized TiO 2 Bilayers
journal, August 2003
- Kroeze, Jessica E.; Savenije, Tom J.; Vermeulen, Martien J. W.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 107, Issue 31
Ultrafast Charge Photogeneration in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes
journal, May 2013
- Soavi, G.; Scotognella, F.; Brida, D.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 20
Quantitative Transient Absorption Measurements of Polaron Yield and Absorption Coefficient in Neat Conjugated Polymers
journal, June 2013
- Reid, Obadiah G.; Rumbles, Garry
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 14
Long-Lived Charged States in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
journal, February 2006
- Gadermaier, Christoph; Menna, Enzo; Meneghetti, Moreno
- Nano Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 2
Prolonging Charge Separation in P3HT−SWNT Composites Using Highly Enriched Semiconducting Nanotubes
journal, November 2010
- Holt, Josh M.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Kopidakis, Nikos
- Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 11
Photogenerated Free Carrier Dynamics in Metal and Semiconductor Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films
journal, December 2008
- Beard, Matthew C.; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Heben, Michael J.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 12
Ultrafast Excitation Energy Transfer in Small Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Aggregates
journal, June 2010
- Lüer, Larry; Crochet, Jared; Hertel, Tobias
- ACS Nano, Vol. 4, Issue 7
Photocurrent Spectroscopy of ( n , m ) Sorted Solution-Processed Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
journal, August 2014
- Engel, Michael; Moore, Katherine E.; Alam, Asiful
- ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 9
Insights into Excitons Confined to Nanoscale Systems: Electron–Hole Interaction, Binding Energy, and Photodissociation
journal, February 2008
- Scholes, Gregory D.
- ACS Nano, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Highly selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes using aromatic polymers
journal, September 2007
- Nish, Adrian; Hwang, Jeong-Yuan; Doig, James
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, Issue 10, p. 640-646
Photosensitized electron transfer processes of nanocarbons applicable to solar cells
journal, January 2012
- D'Souza, Francis; Ito, Osamu
- Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 41, Issue 1
Electrochemical determination of the ionization potential and electron affinity of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)
journal, October 1998
- Janietz, S.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Grell, M.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 73, Issue 17
Conductive response of a photo-excited sample in a radio-frequent driven resonance cavity
journal, June 2011
- Schins, Juleon M.; Talgorn, Elise
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 82, Issue 6
All-Optical Trion Generation in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
journal, October 2011
- Santos, Silvia M.; Yuma, Bertrand; Berciaud, Stéphane
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 18
Free-Carrier Generation in Aggregates of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Photoexcitation in the Ultraviolet Regime
journal, December 2011
- Crochet, Jared J.; Hoseinkhani, Sajjad; Lüer, Larry
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 25
The Optical Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes Arise from Excitons
journal, May 2005
- Wang, F.
- Science, Vol. 308, Issue 5723
Measuring electron orbital magnetic moments in carbon nanotubes
text, January 2004
- Minot, E. D.; Yaish, Yuval; Sazonova, Vera
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
300% Enhancement of Carrier Mobility in Uniaxial-Oriented Perovskite Films Formed by Topotactic-Oriented Attachment
journal, April 2017
- Kim, Dong Hoe; Park, Jaehong; Li, Zhen
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 23
Probing the Diameter Limit of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes in SWCNT: Fullerene Solar Cells
journal, August 2016
- Pfohl, Moritz; Glaser, Konstantin; Graf, Arko
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 21
Control of Shell Morphology in p-n Heterostructured Water-Processable Semiconductor Colloids: Toward Extremely Efficient Charge Separation
journal, November 2018
- Kim, Yu Jin; Schaller, Richard D.; Fry, Harry Christopher
- Small, Vol. 15, Issue 2
Direct–indirect character of the bandgap in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite
journal, October 2016
- Hutter, Eline M.; Gélvez-Rueda, María C.; Osherov, Anna
- Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 1
Carrier photogeneration, drift and recombination in a semiconducting carbon nanotube network
journal, January 2017
- Eckstein, A.; Bertašius, V.; Jašinskas, V.
- Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 34
Redox-active nanomaterials for nanomedicine applications
journal, January 2017
- Sims, Christopher M.; Hanna, Shannon K.; Heller, Daniel A.
- Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 40
Recombination at high carrier density in methylammonium lead iodide studied using time-resolved microwave conductivity
journal, August 2017
- Labram, John G.; Chabinyc, Michael L.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 6
Quantitative analysis of time-resolved microwave conductivity data
journal, November 2017
- Reid, Obadiah G.; Moore, David T.; Li, Zhen
- Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 49
Planar microwave resonator with electrodeposited ZnO thin film for ultraviolet detection
journal, December 2019
- Benlamri, M.; Deif, S.; Mahdi, N.
- Semiconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 35, Issue 2
Direct-indirect character of the bandgap in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite.
text, January 2017
- Hutter, Em; Gélvez-Rueda, Mc; Osherov, A.
- Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Diameter-Dependent Optical Absorption and Excitation Energy Transfer from Encapsulated Dye Molecules toward Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
journal, July 2018
- van Bezouw, Stein; Arias, Dylan H.; Ihly, Rachelle
- ACS Nano, Vol. 12, Issue 7