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Title: Detecting Stealth Dark Matter Directly through Electromagnetic Polarizability

Abstract

We calculate the spin-independent scattering cross section for direct detection that results from the electromagnetic polarizability of a composite scalar “stealth baryon” dark matter candidate, arising from a dark SU(4) confining gauge theory—“stealth dark matter.” In the nonrelativistic limit, electromagnetic polarizability proceeds through a dimension-7 interaction leading to a very small scattering cross section for dark matter with weak-scale masses. This represents a lower bound on the scattering cross section for composite dark matter theories with electromagnetically charged constituents. We carry out lattice calculations of the polarizability for the lightest “baryon” states in SU(3) and SU(4) gauge theories using the background field method on quenched configurations. We find the polarizabilities of SU(3) and SU(4) to be comparable (within about 50%) normalized to the stealth baryon mass, which is suggestive for extensions to larger SU(N) groups. The resulting scattering cross sections with a xenon target are shown to be possibly detectable in the dark matter mass range of about 200–700 GeV, where the lower bound is from the existing LUX constraint while the upper bound is the coherent neutrino background. Significant uncertainties in the cross section remain due to the more complicated interaction of the polarizablity operator with nuclear structure; however,more » the steep dependence on the dark matter mass, 1/m6B, suggests the observable dark matter mass range is not appreciably modified. We highlight collider searches for the mesons in the theory as well as the indirect astrophysical effects that may also provide excellent probes of stealth dark matter.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [5];  [3];  [2];  [9];  [2];  [10];  [2];  [3];  [3]
  1. Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Boston Univ., MA (United States)
  4. Inst. of Nuclear Theory, Seatlle, WA (United States)
  5. Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne, IL (United States)
  6. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  7. Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, OR (United States)
  8. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). RIKEN Research Center
  9. Syracuse Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Physics
  10. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). RIKEN Research Center
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, OR (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Org.:
Lattice Strong Dynamics (LSD) Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1601479
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1224656; OSTI ID: 1241951
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-667121
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO; TRN: US2103665
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0011640; AC52-07NA27344; SC0008669; SC0009998; SC0010025; FG02-92ER-40704; FG02-00ER41132; SC0012704; AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 115; Journal Issue: 17; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats

Appelquist, T., Berkowitz, E., Brower, R. C., Buchoff, M. I., Fleming, G. T., Jin, X. -Y., Kiskis, J., Kribs, G. D., Neil, E. T., Osborn, J. C., Rebbi, C., Rinaldi, E., Schaich, D., Schroeder, C., Syritsyn, S., Vranas, P., Weinberg, E., and Witzel, O. Detecting Stealth Dark Matter Directly through Electromagnetic Polarizability. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.171803.
Appelquist, T., Berkowitz, E., Brower, R. C., Buchoff, M. I., Fleming, G. T., Jin, X. -Y., Kiskis, J., Kribs, G. D., Neil, E. T., Osborn, J. C., Rebbi, C., Rinaldi, E., Schaich, D., Schroeder, C., Syritsyn, S., Vranas, P., Weinberg, E., & Witzel, O. Detecting Stealth Dark Matter Directly through Electromagnetic Polarizability. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.171803
Appelquist, T., Berkowitz, E., Brower, R. C., Buchoff, M. I., Fleming, G. T., Jin, X. -Y., Kiskis, J., Kribs, G. D., Neil, E. T., Osborn, J. C., Rebbi, C., Rinaldi, E., Schaich, D., Schroeder, C., Syritsyn, S., Vranas, P., Weinberg, E., and Witzel, O. Fri . "Detecting Stealth Dark Matter Directly through Electromagnetic Polarizability". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.171803. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1601479.
@article{osti_1601479,
title = {Detecting Stealth Dark Matter Directly through Electromagnetic Polarizability},
author = {Appelquist, T. and Berkowitz, E. and Brower, R. C. and Buchoff, M. I. and Fleming, G. T. and Jin, X. -Y. and Kiskis, J. and Kribs, G. D. and Neil, E. T. and Osborn, J. C. and Rebbi, C. and Rinaldi, E. and Schaich, D. and Schroeder, C. and Syritsyn, S. and Vranas, P. and Weinberg, E. and Witzel, O.},
abstractNote = {We calculate the spin-independent scattering cross section for direct detection that results from the electromagnetic polarizability of a composite scalar “stealth baryon” dark matter candidate, arising from a dark SU(4) confining gauge theory—“stealth dark matter.” In the nonrelativistic limit, electromagnetic polarizability proceeds through a dimension-7 interaction leading to a very small scattering cross section for dark matter with weak-scale masses. This represents a lower bound on the scattering cross section for composite dark matter theories with electromagnetically charged constituents. We carry out lattice calculations of the polarizability for the lightest “baryon” states in SU(3) and SU(4) gauge theories using the background field method on quenched configurations. We find the polarizabilities of SU(3) and SU(4) to be comparable (within about 50%) normalized to the stealth baryon mass, which is suggestive for extensions to larger SU(N) groups. The resulting scattering cross sections with a xenon target are shown to be possibly detectable in the dark matter mass range of about 200–700 GeV, where the lower bound is from the existing LUX constraint while the upper bound is the coherent neutrino background. Significant uncertainties in the cross section remain due to the more complicated interaction of the polarizablity operator with nuclear structure; however, the steep dependence on the dark matter mass, 1/m6B, suggests the observable dark matter mass range is not appreciably modified. We highlight collider searches for the mesons in the theory as well as the indirect astrophysical effects that may also provide excellent probes of stealth dark matter.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.171803},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 17,
volume = 115,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Oct 23 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Fri Oct 23 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}

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