Effect of Divalent Cation Removal on the Structure of Gram-Negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Models
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (GNB-OM) is asymmetric in its lipid composition with a phospholipid-rich inner leaflet and an outer leaflet predominantly composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS are polyanionic molecules, with numerous phosphate groups present in the lipid A and core oligosaccharide regions. The repulsive forces due to accumulation of the negative charges are screened and bridged by the divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) that are known to be crucial for the integrity of the bacterial OM. Indeed, chelation of divalent cations is a well-established method to permeabilize Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Here, we use X-ray and neutron reflectivity (XRR and NR, respectively) techniques to examine the role of calcium ions in the stability of a model GNB-OM. Using XRR we show that Ca2+ binds to the core region of the rough mutant LPS (RaLPS) films, producing more ordered structures in comparison to divalent cation free monolayers. Using recently developed solid-supported models of the GNB-OM, we study the effect of calcium removal on the asymmetry of DPPC:RaLPS bilayers. We show that without the charge screening effect of divalent cations, the LPS is forced to overcome the thermodynamically unfavorable energy barrier and flip across the hydrophobic bilayer to minimizemore »
- Authors:
-
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Oxford (United Kingdom). Rutherford Appleton Lab., ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Menai, NSW (Australia). Bragg Inst.
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
- Newcastle Univ. (United Kingdom). Inst. for Cell and Molecular Biosciences
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1213695
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1392962
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; 093581; DE140101788
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Langmuir
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 31; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0743-7463
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Clifton, Luke A., Skoda, Maximilian W. A., Le Brun, Anton P., Ciesielski, Filip, Kuzmenko, Ivan, Holt, Stephen A., and Lakey, Jeremy H. Effect of Divalent Cation Removal on the Structure of Gram-Negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Models. United States: N. p., 2014.
Web. doi:10.1021/la504407v.
Clifton, Luke A., Skoda, Maximilian W. A., Le Brun, Anton P., Ciesielski, Filip, Kuzmenko, Ivan, Holt, Stephen A., & Lakey, Jeremy H. Effect of Divalent Cation Removal on the Structure of Gram-Negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Models. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/la504407v
Clifton, Luke A., Skoda, Maximilian W. A., Le Brun, Anton P., Ciesielski, Filip, Kuzmenko, Ivan, Holt, Stephen A., and Lakey, Jeremy H. Tue .
"Effect of Divalent Cation Removal on the Structure of Gram-Negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Models". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/la504407v. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1213695.
@article{osti_1213695,
title = {Effect of Divalent Cation Removal on the Structure of Gram-Negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Models},
author = {Clifton, Luke A. and Skoda, Maximilian W. A. and Le Brun, Anton P. and Ciesielski, Filip and Kuzmenko, Ivan and Holt, Stephen A. and Lakey, Jeremy H.},
abstractNote = {The Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (GNB-OM) is asymmetric in its lipid composition with a phospholipid-rich inner leaflet and an outer leaflet predominantly composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS are polyanionic molecules, with numerous phosphate groups present in the lipid A and core oligosaccharide regions. The repulsive forces due to accumulation of the negative charges are screened and bridged by the divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) that are known to be crucial for the integrity of the bacterial OM. Indeed, chelation of divalent cations is a well-established method to permeabilize Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Here, we use X-ray and neutron reflectivity (XRR and NR, respectively) techniques to examine the role of calcium ions in the stability of a model GNB-OM. Using XRR we show that Ca2+ binds to the core region of the rough mutant LPS (RaLPS) films, producing more ordered structures in comparison to divalent cation free monolayers. Using recently developed solid-supported models of the GNB-OM, we study the effect of calcium removal on the asymmetry of DPPC:RaLPS bilayers. We show that without the charge screening effect of divalent cations, the LPS is forced to overcome the thermodynamically unfavorable energy barrier and flip across the hydrophobic bilayer to minimize the repulsive electrostatic forces, resulting in about 20% mixing of LPS and DPPC between the inner and outer bilayer leaflets. These results reveal for the first time the molecular details behind the well-known mechanism of outer membrane stabilization by divalent cations. This confirms the relevance of the asymmetric models for future studies of outer membrane stability and antibiotic penetration.},
doi = {10.1021/la504407v},
journal = {Langmuir},
number = 1,
volume = 31,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2014},
month = {Tue Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2014}
}
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