The human gut and groundwater harbor non-photosynthetic bacteria belonging to a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria
Abstract
Cyanobacteria were responsible for the oxygenation of the ancient atmosphere; however, the evolution of this phylum is enigmatic, as relatives have not been characterized. Here we use whole genome reconstruction of human fecal and subsurface aquifer metagenomic samples to obtain complete genomes for members of a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria, for which we propose the designation ‘Melainabacteria’. Metabolic analysis suggests that the ancestors to both lineages were non-photosynthetic, anaerobic, motile, and obligately fermentative. Cyanobacterial light sensing may have been facilitated by regulators present in the ancestor of these lineages. The subsurface organism has the capacity for nitrogen fixation using a nitrogenase distinct from that in Cyanobacteria, suggesting nitrogen fixation evolved separately in the two lineages. We hypothesize that Cyanobacteria split from Melainabacteria prior or due to the acquisition of oxygenic photosynthesis. Melainabacteria remained in anoxic zones and differentiated by niche adaptation, including for symbiosis in the mammalian gut.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1198472
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1198473; OSTI ID: 1511346
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; SC0004918
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- eLife
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: eLife Journal Volume: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2050-084X
- Publisher:
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Di Rienzi, Sara C., Sharon, Itai, Wrighton, Kelly C., Koren, Omry, Hug, Laura A., Thomas, Brian C., Goodrich, Julia K., Bell, Jordana T., Spector, Timothy D., Banfield, Jillian F., and Ley, Ruth E. The human gut and groundwater harbor non-photosynthetic bacteria belonging to a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria. United States: N. p., 2013.
Web. doi:10.7554/eLife.01102.
Di Rienzi, Sara C., Sharon, Itai, Wrighton, Kelly C., Koren, Omry, Hug, Laura A., Thomas, Brian C., Goodrich, Julia K., Bell, Jordana T., Spector, Timothy D., Banfield, Jillian F., & Ley, Ruth E. The human gut and groundwater harbor non-photosynthetic bacteria belonging to a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria. United States. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01102
Di Rienzi, Sara C., Sharon, Itai, Wrighton, Kelly C., Koren, Omry, Hug, Laura A., Thomas, Brian C., Goodrich, Julia K., Bell, Jordana T., Spector, Timothy D., Banfield, Jillian F., and Ley, Ruth E. Tue .
"The human gut and groundwater harbor non-photosynthetic bacteria belonging to a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria". United States. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01102.
@article{osti_1198472,
title = {The human gut and groundwater harbor non-photosynthetic bacteria belonging to a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria},
author = {Di Rienzi, Sara C. and Sharon, Itai and Wrighton, Kelly C. and Koren, Omry and Hug, Laura A. and Thomas, Brian C. and Goodrich, Julia K. and Bell, Jordana T. and Spector, Timothy D. and Banfield, Jillian F. and Ley, Ruth E.},
abstractNote = {Cyanobacteria were responsible for the oxygenation of the ancient atmosphere; however, the evolution of this phylum is enigmatic, as relatives have not been characterized. Here we use whole genome reconstruction of human fecal and subsurface aquifer metagenomic samples to obtain complete genomes for members of a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria, for which we propose the designation ‘Melainabacteria’. Metabolic analysis suggests that the ancestors to both lineages were non-photosynthetic, anaerobic, motile, and obligately fermentative. Cyanobacterial light sensing may have been facilitated by regulators present in the ancestor of these lineages. The subsurface organism has the capacity for nitrogen fixation using a nitrogenase distinct from that in Cyanobacteria, suggesting nitrogen fixation evolved separately in the two lineages. We hypothesize that Cyanobacteria split from Melainabacteria prior or due to the acquisition of oxygenic photosynthesis. Melainabacteria remained in anoxic zones and differentiated by niche adaptation, including for symbiosis in the mammalian gut.},
doi = {10.7554/eLife.01102},
journal = {eLife},
number = ,
volume = 2,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2013},
month = {Tue Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2013}
}
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Table 1: Samples from which Melainabacteria genomes were recovered
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