Metastable Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage

Graetz, Jason

doi:10.5402/2012/863025

Title: Metastable Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage

Abstract

The possibility of using hydrogen as a reliable energy carrier for both stationary and mobile applications has gained renewed interest in recent years due to improvements in high temperature fuel cells and a reduction in hydrogen production costs. However, a number of challenges remain and new media are needed that are capable of safely storing hydrogen with high gravimetric and volumetric densities. Metal hydrides and complex metal hydrides offer some hope of overcoming these challenges; however, many of the high capacity “reversible” hydrides exhibit a large endothermic decomposition enthalpy making it difficult to release the hydrogen at low temperatures. On the other hand, the metastable hydrides are characterized by a low reaction enthalpy and a decomposition reaction that is thermodynamically favorable under ambient conditions. The rapid, low temperature hydrogen evolution rates that can be achieved with these materials offer much promise for mobile PEM fuel cell applications. However, a critical challenge exists to develop new methods to regenerate these hydrides directly from the reactants and hydrogen gas. This spotlight paper presents an overview of some of the metastable metal hydrides for hydrogen storage and a few new approaches being investigated to address the key challenges associated with these materials.

Authors:

Graetz, Jason ^[1]

Department of Sustainable Energy Technologies, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA

Publication Date:: Thu Dec 20 00:00:00 EST 2012

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1198265

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-98CH1-886

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: ISRN Materials Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: ISRN Materials Science Journal Volume: 2012; Journal ID: ISSN 2090-6099

Publisher:: Hindawi (International Scholarly Research Network)

Country of Publication:: Country unknown/Code not available

Language:: English

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                    Graetz, Jason. Metastable Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage.  Country unknown/Code not available: N. p., 2012. 
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                    Graetz, Jason. Metastable Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage.  Country unknown/Code not available.  https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/863025

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                    Graetz, Jason. Thu .  
"Metastable Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage".  Country unknown/Code not available.  https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/863025.

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@article{osti_1198265,

  title        = {Metastable Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage},

  author       = {Graetz, Jason},

  abstractNote = {The possibility of using hydrogen as a reliable energy carrier for both stationary and mobile applications has gained renewed interest in recent years due to improvements in high temperature fuel cells and a reduction in hydrogen production costs. However, a number of challenges remain and new media are needed that are capable of safely storing hydrogen with high gravimetric and volumetric densities. Metal hydrides and complex metal hydrides offer some hope of overcoming these challenges; however, many of the high capacity “reversible” hydrides exhibit a large endothermic decomposition enthalpy making it difficult to release the hydrogen at low temperatures. On the other hand, the metastable hydrides are characterized by a low reaction enthalpy and a decomposition reaction that is thermodynamically favorable under ambient conditions. The rapid, low temperature hydrogen evolution rates that can be achieved with these materials offer much promise for mobile PEM fuel cell applications. However, a critical challenge exists to develop new methods to regenerate these hydrides directly from the reactants and hydrogen gas. This spotlight paper presents an overview of some of the metastable metal hydrides for hydrogen storage and a few new approaches being investigated to address the key challenges associated with these materials.},

  doi          = {10.5402/2012/863025},

  journal      = {ISRN Materials Science},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 2012,

  place        = {Country unknown/Code not available},

  year         = {Thu Dec 20 00:00:00 EST 2012},

  month        = {Thu Dec 20 00:00:00 EST 2012}

}

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DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.01.005

Magnesium alanate—a material for reversible hydrogen storage?
journal, August 2003

Fichtner, Maximilian; Fuhr, Olaf; Kircher, Oliver
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 356-357
DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)01236-7

Mechanism of Lithium Aluminum Hydride Reactions
journal, May 1949

Trevoy, Lloyd W.; Brown, Weldon G.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 71, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1021/ja01173a035

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Title: Metastable Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage

Abstract

Citation Formats

Pressure-induced structural and electronic changes in α − Al H 3 journal, December 2006

Alane hydrogen storage for automotive fuel cells – Off-board regeneration processes and efficiencies journal, November 2011

Reversible Hydrogen Storage via Titanium-Catalyzed LiAlH 4 and Li 3 AlH 6 journal, November 2001

The effects of the micrometric and nanometric iron (Fe) additives on the mechanical and thermal dehydrogenation of lithium alanate (LiAlH4), its self-discharge at low temperatures and rehydrogenation journal, June 2012

Effect of Ti-catalyst content on the reversible hydrogen storage properties of the sodium alanates journal, June 2002

Notizen: Neues zur Kenntnis des Magnesium-aluminium-wasserstoffs Mg(AlH4)2 journal, February 1952

Effects of NbF5 addition on the hydrogen storage properties of LiAlH4 journal, March 2010

Mechanical and thermal decomposition of LiAlH4LiAlH4 with metal halides journal, June 2007

Dehydriding behaviour of LiAlH4LiAlH4—the catalytic role of carbon nanofibres journal, January 2008

Hydrogen in aluminum journal, May 1997

The Direct Synthesis of Amine Alanes journal, May 1964

The crystal structure of γ-AlD3 journal, August 2007

Direct and Reversible Synthesis of AlH 3 −Triethylenediamine from Al and H 2 journal, December 2007

Study on hydrogen storage properties of LiAlH4 journal, July 2009

Double-Bridge Bonding of Aluminium and Hydrogen in the Crystal Structure of γ-AlH 3 journal, February 2007

NMR studies of the aluminum hydride phases and their stabilities journal, October 2007

Formation and decomposition of AlH3 in the aluminum-hydrogen system journal, October 2008

The P,T-State Diagram and Solid Phase Synthesis of Aluminum Hydride journal, January 1995

The Reduction of Iron(III) Chloride with Lithium Aluminohydride and Lithium Borohydride: Iron(II) Borohydride 1 journal, February 1956

Effect of ball milling time on the hydrogen storage properties of TiF3-doped LiAlH4 journal, October 2009

Diethyl ether soluble aluminum hydride journal, September 1973

Regeneration of Aluminum Hydride Using Trimethylamine journal, February 2011

Hydrogen Adsorption in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cu-MOFs and Zn-MOFs Compared journal, March 2006

Accelerated thermal decomposition of AlH3 for hydrogen-fueled vehicles journal, February 2005

The effects of nanonickel additive on the decomposition of complex metal hydride LiAlH4 (lithium alanate) journal, January 2011

Synthesis and structures of magnesium alanate and two solvent adducts journal, October 2002

Lithium Aluminum Hydride, Aluminum Hydride and Lithium Gallium Hydride, and Some of their Applications in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry 1 journal, May 1947

Comparative studies of the decomposition of alanates followed by in situ XRD and DSC methods journal, June 2006

Thermal Decomposition of the Non-Interstitial Hydrides for the Storage and Production of Hydrogen journal, March 2004

Mechanochemical preparation and investigation of properties of magnesium, calcium and lithium–magnesium alanates journal, January 2006

Metal-doped sodium aluminium hydrides as potential new hydrogen storage materials journal, April 2000

Saturation of Hydrogen Sorption in Zn Benzenedicarboxylate and Zn Naphthalenedicarboxylate journal, January 2006

Direct Synthesis of Complex Metal Hydrides journal, June 1963

New compounds in the potassium-aluminium-hydrogen system observed during release and uptake of hydrogen journal, January 2012

Crystal structure and thermodynamic stability of the lithium alanates LiAlH 4 and Li 3 AlH 6 journal, April 2004

Preparation et proprietes physico-chimiques de l'alanate de magnesium Mg(AlH4)2 journal, February 1979

Decomposition of .alpha.-aluminum hydride powder. 3. Simultaneous photolytic-thermal decomposition journal, June 1981

Regeneration of aluminium hydride using dimethylethylamine journal, January 2010

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the aluminum hydride polymorphs journal, October 2007

Advances in the electrochemical regeneration of aluminum hydride journal, December 2011

Structures and thermodynamics of the mixed alkali alanates journal, May 2005

High H2 Adsorption by Coordination-Framework Materials journal, November 2006

Dehydrogenation kinetics of as-received and ball-milled LiAlH4 journal, December 2005

The Crystal Structure and Dipole Moment in Solution of the Compound AlH 3 ·2N(CH 3 ) 3 journal, June 1963

Regeneration of Lithium Aluminum Hydride journal, December 2008

Facile Cycling of Ti-Doped LiAlH 4 for High Performance Hydrogen Storage journal, April 2009

Aluminum hydride as a hydrogen and energy storage material: Past, present and future journal, September 2011

Engineering considerations in the use of catalyzed sodium alanates for hydrogen storage journal, January 2002

Intrinsic and mechanically modified thermal stabilities of α-, β- and γ-aluminum trihydrides AlH3 journal, January 2006

Hydrogen release of catalyzed lithium aluminum hydride by a mechanochemical reaction journal, August 2008

Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage journal, October 2007

Alanat-Synthese aus den Elementen und ihre Bedeutung journal, May 1961

The effect of doping NiCl2 on the dehydrogenation properties of LiAlH4 journal, November 2008

Selective Reductions. X. Reaction of Aluminum Hydride with Selected Organic Compounds Containing Representative Functional Groups. Comparison of the Reducing Characteristics of Lithium Aluminum Hydride and Its Derivatives journal, April 1966

Hydrogen adsorption in different carbon nanostructures journal, August 2005

A review of hydrogen storage systems based on boron and its compounds journal, October 2004

Thermal decomposition of lithium aluminum hydride journal, November 1968

The preparation of sodium and calcium aluminium hydrides journal, October 1955

The reversible synthesis of bis(quinuclidine) alane journal, September 2011

Catalyzed Complex Metal Hydrides journal, September 2002

Physiochemical Pathway for Cyclic Dehydrogenation and Rehydrogenation of LiAlH 4 journal, May 2006

Exceptional H2 Saturation Uptake in Microporous Metal−Organic Frameworks journal, March 2006

Hydrogen as a Fuel and Its Storage for Mobility and Transport journal, September 2002

Hydrogen Storage: High-Pressure Gas Containment journal, September 2002

Ti-Doped LiAlH 4 for Hydrogen Storage: Synthesis, Catalyst Loading and Cycling Performance journal, October 2011

Liquid-Hydrogen Technology for Vehicles journal, September 2002

High‐pressure Raman spectroscopy study of α and γ polymorphs of AlH 3 journal, July 2008

Metallic Hydrides I: Hydrogen Storage and Other Gas-Phase Applications journal, September 2002

Metallic Hydrides II: Materials for Electrochemical Storage journal, September 2002

Metallic Hydrides III: Body-Centered-Cubic Solid-Solution Alloys journal, September 2002

Ammonia-Borane and Related Compounds as Dihydrogen Sources journal, July 2010

Hydrogen in Nanostructured, Carbon-Related, and Metallic Materials journal, September 2002

Isothermal decomposition of LiAlD4 with and without additives journal, December 2005

Synthesis and Properties of Calcium Alanate and Two Solvent Adducts journal, May 2005

Thermodynamic Properties of Aluminum Hydride journal, October 1967

Crystal structure of aluminum hydride journal, January 1969

Synthesis and crystal structure of β-AlD3 journal, May 2007

Pressure-induced structural and electronic changes in $α − Al H_{3}$
journal, December 2006

Alane hydrogen storage for automotive fuel cells – Off-board regeneration processes and efficiencies
journal, November 2011

Reversible Hydrogen Storage via Titanium-Catalyzed LiAlH ₄ and Li ₃ AlH ₆
journal, November 2001

The effects of the micrometric and nanometric iron (Fe) additives on the mechanical and thermal dehydrogenation of lithium alanate (LiAlH4), its self-discharge at low temperatures and rehydrogenation
journal, June 2012

Effect of Ti-catalyst content on the reversible hydrogen storage properties of the sodium alanates
journal, June 2002

Notizen: Neues zur Kenntnis des Magnesium-aluminium-wasserstoffs Mg(AlH4)2
journal, February 1952

Effects of NbF5 addition on the hydrogen storage properties of LiAlH4
journal, March 2010

Mechanical and thermal decomposition of LiAlH4LiAlH4 with metal halides
journal, June 2007

Dehydriding behaviour of LiAlH4LiAlH4—the catalytic role of carbon nanofibres
journal, January 2008

Hydrogen in aluminum
journal, May 1997

The Direct Synthesis of Amine Alanes
journal, May 1964

The crystal structure of γ-AlD3
journal, August 2007

Direct and Reversible Synthesis of AlH ₃ −Triethylenediamine from Al and H ₂
journal, December 2007

Study on hydrogen storage properties of LiAlH4
journal, July 2009

Double-Bridge Bonding of Aluminium and Hydrogen in the Crystal Structure of γ-AlH ₃
journal, February 2007

NMR studies of the aluminum hydride phases and their stabilities
journal, October 2007

Formation and decomposition of AlH3 in the aluminum-hydrogen system
journal, October 2008

The P,T-State Diagram and Solid Phase Synthesis of Aluminum Hydride
journal, January 1995

The Reduction of Iron(III) Chloride with Lithium Aluminohydride and Lithium Borohydride: Iron(II) Borohydride ¹
journal, February 1956

Effect of ball milling time on the hydrogen storage properties of TiF3-doped LiAlH4
journal, October 2009

Diethyl ether soluble aluminum hydride
journal, September 1973

Regeneration of Aluminum Hydride Using Trimethylamine
journal, February 2011

Hydrogen Adsorption in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cu-MOFs and Zn-MOFs Compared
journal, March 2006

Accelerated thermal decomposition of AlH3 for hydrogen-fueled vehicles
journal, February 2005

The effects of nanonickel additive on the decomposition of complex metal hydride LiAlH4 (lithium alanate)
journal, January 2011

Synthesis and structures of magnesium alanate and two solvent adducts
journal, October 2002

Lithium Aluminum Hydride, Aluminum Hydride and Lithium Gallium Hydride, and Some of their Applications in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry ¹
journal, May 1947

Comparative studies of the decomposition of alanates followed by in situ XRD and DSC methods
journal, June 2006

Thermal Decomposition of the Non-Interstitial Hydrides for the Storage and Production of Hydrogen
journal, March 2004

Mechanochemical preparation and investigation of properties of magnesium, calcium and lithium–magnesium alanates
journal, January 2006

Metal-doped sodium aluminium hydrides as potential new hydrogen storage materials
journal, April 2000

Saturation of Hydrogen Sorption in Zn Benzenedicarboxylate and Zn Naphthalenedicarboxylate
journal, January 2006

Direct Synthesis of Complex Metal Hydrides
journal, June 1963

New compounds in the potassium-aluminium-hydrogen system observed during release and uptake of hydrogen
journal, January 2012

Crystal structure and thermodynamic stability of the lithium alanates ${LiAlH}_{4}$ and ${Li}_{3} {AlH}_{6}$
journal, April 2004

Preparation et proprietes physico-chimiques de l'alanate de magnesium Mg(AlH4)2
journal, February 1979

Decomposition of .alpha.-aluminum hydride powder. 3. Simultaneous photolytic-thermal decomposition
journal, June 1981

Regeneration of aluminium hydride using dimethylethylamine
journal, January 2010

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the aluminum hydride polymorphs
journal, October 2007

Advances in the electrochemical regeneration of aluminum hydride
journal, December 2011

Structures and thermodynamics of the mixed alkali alanates
journal, May 2005

High H2 Adsorption by Coordination-Framework Materials
journal, November 2006

Dehydrogenation kinetics of as-received and ball-milled LiAlH4
journal, December 2005

The Crystal Structure and Dipole Moment in Solution of the Compound AlH ₃ ·2N(CH ₃ ) ₃
journal, June 1963

Regeneration of Lithium Aluminum Hydride
journal, December 2008

Facile Cycling of Ti-Doped LiAlH ₄ for High Performance Hydrogen Storage
journal, April 2009

Aluminum hydride as a hydrogen and energy storage material: Past, present and future
journal, September 2011

Engineering considerations in the use of catalyzed sodium alanates for hydrogen storage
journal, January 2002

Intrinsic and mechanically modified thermal stabilities of α-, β- and γ-aluminum trihydrides AlH3
journal, January 2006

Hydrogen release of catalyzed lithium aluminum hydride by a mechanochemical reaction
journal, August 2008

Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage
journal, October 2007

Alanat-Synthese aus den Elementen und ihre Bedeutung
journal, May 1961

The effect of doping NiCl2 on the dehydrogenation properties of LiAlH4
journal, November 2008

Selective Reductions. X. Reaction of Aluminum Hydride with Selected Organic Compounds Containing Representative Functional Groups. Comparison of the Reducing Characteristics of Lithium Aluminum Hydride and Its Derivatives
journal, April 1966

Hydrogen adsorption in different carbon nanostructures
journal, August 2005

A review of hydrogen storage systems based on boron and its compounds
journal, October 2004

Thermal decomposition of lithium aluminum hydride
journal, November 1968

The preparation of sodium and calcium aluminium hydrides
journal, October 1955

The reversible synthesis of bis(quinuclidine) alane
journal, September 2011

Catalyzed Complex Metal Hydrides
journal, September 2002

Physiochemical Pathway for Cyclic Dehydrogenation and Rehydrogenation of LiAlH ₄
journal, May 2006

Exceptional H₂ Saturation Uptake in Microporous Metal−Organic Frameworks
journal, March 2006

Hydrogen as a Fuel and Its Storage for Mobility and Transport
journal, September 2002

Hydrogen Storage: High-Pressure Gas Containment
journal, September 2002

Ti-Doped LiAlH ₄ for Hydrogen Storage: Synthesis, Catalyst Loading and Cycling Performance
journal, October 2011

Liquid-Hydrogen Technology for Vehicles
journal, September 2002

High‐pressure Raman spectroscopy study of α and γ polymorphs of AlH ₃
journal, July 2008

Metallic Hydrides I: Hydrogen Storage and Other Gas-Phase Applications
journal, September 2002

Metallic Hydrides II: Materials for Electrochemical Storage
journal, September 2002

Metallic Hydrides III: Body-Centered-Cubic Solid-Solution Alloys
journal, September 2002

Ammonia-Borane and Related Compounds as Dihydrogen Sources
journal, July 2010

Hydrogen in Nanostructured, Carbon-Related, and Metallic Materials
journal, September 2002

Isothermal decomposition of LiAlD4 with and without additives
journal, December 2005

Synthesis and Properties of Calcium Alanate and Two Solvent Adducts
journal, May 2005

Thermodynamic Properties of Aluminum Hydride
journal, October 1967

Crystal structure of aluminum hydride
journal, January 1969

Synthesis and crystal structure of β-AlD3
journal, May 2007

Decomposition Kinetics of the AlH ₃ Polymorphs
journal, December 2005

On-board and Off-board performance of hydrogen storage options for light-duty vehicles
journal, February 2012

Synthesis, crystal structure and thermal decomposition of LiCa(AlH4)3
journal, April 2012