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Title: Perovskite-Fullerene Hybrid Materials Eliminate Hysteresis In Planar Diodes

Abstract

Solution-processed planar perovskite devices are highly desirable in a wide variety of optoelectronic applications; however, they are prone to hysteresis and current instabilities. Here we report the first perovskite–PCBM hybrid solid with significantly reduced hysteresis and recombination loss achieved in a single step. This new material displays an efficient electrically coupled microstructure: PCBM is homogeneously distributed throughout the film at perovskite grain boundaries. The PCBM passivates the key PbI3 antisite defects during the perovskite self-assembly, as revealed by theory and experiment. Photoluminescence transient spectroscopy proves that the PCBM phase promotes electron extraction. We showcase this mixed material in planar solar cells that feature low hysteresis and enhanced photovoltage. Using conductive AFM studies, we reveal the memristive properties of perovskite films. We close by positing that PCBM, by tying up both halide-rich antisites and unincorporated halides, reduces electric field-induced anion migration that may give rise to hysteresis and unstable diode behaviour.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [4];  [3];  [2];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada)
  2. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  3. Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS (Canada)
  4. Ewha Womans Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1185807
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Communications
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Xu, Jixian, Buin, Andrei, Ip, Alexander H., Li, Wei, Voznyy, Oleksandr, Comin, Riccardo, Yuan, Mingjian, Jeon, Seokmin, Ning, Zhijun, McDowell, Jeffrey, Kanjanaboos, Pongsakorn, Sun, Jon-Paul, Lan, Xinzheng, Quan, Li Na, Kim, Dong Ha, Hill, Ian, Maksymovych, Petro, and Sargent, Edward H. Perovskite-Fullerene Hybrid Materials Eliminate Hysteresis In Planar Diodes. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1038/ncomms8081.
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Xu, Jixian, Buin, Andrei, Ip, Alexander H., Li, Wei, Voznyy, Oleksandr, Comin, Riccardo, Yuan, Mingjian, Jeon, Seokmin, Ning, Zhijun, McDowell, Jeffrey, Kanjanaboos, Pongsakorn, Sun, Jon-Paul, Lan, Xinzheng, Quan, Li Na, Kim, Dong Ha, Hill, Ian, Maksymovych, Petro, & Sargent, Edward H. Perovskite-Fullerene Hybrid Materials Eliminate Hysteresis In Planar Diodes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8081
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Xu, Jixian, Buin, Andrei, Ip, Alexander H., Li, Wei, Voznyy, Oleksandr, Comin, Riccardo, Yuan, Mingjian, Jeon, Seokmin, Ning, Zhijun, McDowell, Jeffrey, Kanjanaboos, Pongsakorn, Sun, Jon-Paul, Lan, Xinzheng, Quan, Li Na, Kim, Dong Ha, Hill, Ian, Maksymovych, Petro, and Sargent, Edward H. Tue . "Perovskite-Fullerene Hybrid Materials Eliminate Hysteresis In Planar Diodes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8081. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1185807.
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@article{osti_1185807,
title = {Perovskite-Fullerene Hybrid Materials Eliminate Hysteresis In Planar Diodes},
author = {Xu, Jixian and Buin, Andrei and Ip, Alexander H. and Li, Wei and Voznyy, Oleksandr and Comin, Riccardo and Yuan, Mingjian and Jeon, Seokmin and Ning, Zhijun and McDowell, Jeffrey and Kanjanaboos, Pongsakorn and Sun, Jon-Paul and Lan, Xinzheng and Quan, Li Na and Kim, Dong Ha and Hill, Ian and Maksymovych, Petro and Sargent, Edward H.},
abstractNote = {Solution-processed planar perovskite devices are highly desirable in a wide variety of optoelectronic applications; however, they are prone to hysteresis and current instabilities. Here we report the first perovskite–PCBM hybrid solid with significantly reduced hysteresis and recombination loss achieved in a single step. This new material displays an efficient electrically coupled microstructure: PCBM is homogeneously distributed throughout the film at perovskite grain boundaries. The PCBM passivates the key PbI3 antisite defects during the perovskite self-assembly, as revealed by theory and experiment. Photoluminescence transient spectroscopy proves that the PCBM phase promotes electron extraction. We showcase this mixed material in planar solar cells that feature low hysteresis and enhanced photovoltage. Using conductive AFM studies, we reveal the memristive properties of perovskite films. We close by positing that PCBM, by tying up both halide-rich antisites and unincorporated halides, reduces electric field-induced anion migration that may give rise to hysteresis and unstable diode behaviour.},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms8081},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = ,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Mar 31 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Tue Mar 31 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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    Composition and Interface Engineering for Efficient and Thermally Stable Pb-Sn Mixed Low-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, October 2018

    • Chi, Dan; Huang, Shihua; Zhang, Meiying
    • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 51
    • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201804603

    Lead-Free Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications: Recent Advances and Perspectives
    journal, February 2017

    Defect and Contact Passivation for Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, April 2019

    • Aydin, Erkan; Bastiani, Michele; Wolf, Stefaan
    • Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 25
    • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900428

    Recent Progresses on Defect Passivation toward Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, April 2020

    • Gao, Feng; Zhao, Yang; Zhang, Xingwang
    • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 13
    • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902650

    Efficient Regular Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Pristine [70]Fullerene as Electron-Selective Contact
    journal, March 2016

    • Collavini, Silvia; Kosta, Ivet; Völker, Sebastian F.
    • ChemSusChem, Vol. 9, Issue 11
    • DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600051

    Goethite Quantum Dots as Multifunctional Additives for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, October 2019

    The hysteresis-free behavior of perovskite solar cells from the perspective of the measurement conditions
    journal, January 2019

    • Nemnes, George Alexandru; Besleaga, Cristina; Tomulescu, Andrei Gabriel
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 18
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8tc05999c

    Improving the performance of lead acetate-based perovskite solar cells via solvent vapor annealing
    journal, January 2019

    • Guo, Zhongli; Zhuang, Jia; Ma, Zhu
    • CrystEngComm, Vol. 21, Issue 32
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00724e

    Research progress on organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials and solar cells
    journal, February 2018

    High-performance perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 monolithic tandem solar cells
    journal, August 2018

    Correlation of energy disorder and open-circuit voltage in hybrid perovskite solar cells
    text, January 2016

    • Jinsong, Huang,; Yongbo, Yuan,; Yuchuan, Shao,
    • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
    • DOI: 10.17615/gcrf-5b77

    Thin Insulating Tunneling Contacts for Efficient and Water-Resistant Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, May 2016

    Matching Charge Extraction Contact for Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, May 2017

    Toward Perovskite Solar Cell Commercialization: A Perspective and Research Roadmap Based on Interfacial Engineering
    journal, June 2018

    • Rajagopal, Adharsh; Yao, Kai; Jen, Alex K. -Y.
    • Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 32
    • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800455

    Interface and Defect Engineering for Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices
    journal, September 2018

    Inverted Current-Voltage Hysteresis in Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells: Polarization, Energy Barriers, and Defect Recombination
    journal, July 2016

    • Tress, Wolfgang; Correa Baena, Juan Pablo; Saliba, Michael
    • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 19
    • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201600396

    Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, June 2017

    • Petrus, Michiel L.; Schlipf, Johannes; Li, Cheng
    • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 16
    • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201700264

    Verringerung schädlicher Defekte für leistungsstarke Metallhalogenid‐Perowskit‐Solarzellen
    journal, April 2020

    • Ono, Luis K.; Liu, Shengzhong (Frank); Qi, Yabing
    • Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 17
    • DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905521

    Halogen bonding reduces intrinsic traps and enhances charge mobilities in halide perovskite solar cells
    journal, January 2019

    • Bi, Shiqing; Wang, Hui; Zhou, Jiyu
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta11835c

    Unravelling fullerene–perovskite interactions introduces advanced blend films for performance-improved solar cells
    journal, January 2019

    • Pascual, Jorge; Collavini, Silvia; Völker, Sebastian F.
    • Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9se00438f

    Theoretical studies on structures and spectral properties for two C 86 isomers and their chlorinated derivatives
    journal, September 2018

    Ion Induced Passivation of Grain Boundaries in Perovskite Solar Cells
    text, January 2018

    Correlation between Electronic Defect States Distribution and Device Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, July 2017

    • Landi, Giovanni; Neitzert, Heinz Christoph; Barone, Carlo
    • Advanced Science, Vol. 4, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700183

    High-Efficiency Fullerene Solar Cells Enabled by a Spontaneously Formed Mesostructured CuSCN-Nanowire Heterointerface
    journal, February 2018

    Recent advancements in compact layer development for perovskite solar cells
    journal, November 2018

    Degradation of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Structures through Light and Electron Beam Driven Ion Migration
    journal, January 2016

    • Yuan, Haifeng; Debroye, Elke; Janssen, Kris
    • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02828

    High-Performance Simple-Structured Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Achieved by Precursor Optimization
    journal, September 2017

    Quantification of light-enhanced ionic transport in lead iodide perovskite thin films and its solar cell applications
    journal, October 2016

    • Zhao, Yi-Cheng; Zhou, Wen-Ke; Zhou, Xu
    • Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 6, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.243

    Perovskite-polymer composite cross-linker approach for highly-stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
    journal, January 2019

    Reconfiguration of interfacial energy band structure for high-performance inverted structure perovskite solar cells
    journal, October 2019

    Perovskite solar cells in N-I-P structure with four slot-die-coated layers
    journal, May 2018

    • Burkitt, Daniel; Searle, Justin; Watson, Trystan
    • Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 5, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172158

    Polymer-modified halide perovskite films for efficient and stable planar heterojunction solar cells
    journal, August 2017

    Giant Zero-Drift Electronic Behaviors in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Diodes by Doping Iodine Ions
    journal, September 2018

    • Pang, Tiqiang; Jia, Renxu; Wang, Yucheng
    • Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.3390/ma11091606

    Emission Enhancement and Intermittency in Polycrystalline Organolead Halide Perovskite Films
    journal, August 2016

    The Impact of Hybrid Compositional Film/Structure on Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, May 2018

    High-Performance and Hysteresis-Free Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Rare-Earth-Doped SnO 2 Mesoporous Scaffold
    journal, October 2019

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