Prospects for reducing the processing cost of lithium ion batteries
Abstract
A detailed processing cost breakdown is given for lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes, which focuses on: elimination of toxic, costly N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) dispersion chemistry; doubling the thicknesses of the anode and cathode to raise energy density; and, reduction of the anode electrolyte wetting and SEI-layer formation time. These processing cost reduction technologies generically adaptable to any anode or cathode cell chemistry and are being implemented at ORNL. This paper shows step by step how these cost savings can be realized in existing or new LIB manufacturing plants using a baseline case of thin (power) electrodes produced with NMP processing and a standard 10-14-day wetting and formation process. In particular, it is shown that aqueous electrode processing can cut the electrode processing cost and energy consumption by an order of magnitude. Doubling the thickness of the electrodes allows for using half of the inactive current collectors and separators, contributing even further to the processing cost savings. Finally wetting and SEI-layer formation cost savings are discussed in the context of a protocol with significantly reduced time. These three benefits collectively offer the possibility of reducing LIB pack cost from $502.8 kWh-1-usable to $370.3 kWh-1-usable, a savings of $132.5/kWh (or 26.4%).
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1249972
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1185532
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Power Sources
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Journal of Power Sources Journal Volume: 275 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- Netherlands
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; Lithium-ion battery; electrode processing; aqueous colloidal chemistry; thick electrodes; cost reduction study; formation cycle; solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer; SEI formation time
Citation Formats
Wood, III, David L., Li, Jianlin, and Daniel, Claus. Prospects for reducing the processing cost of lithium ion batteries. Netherlands: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.019.
Wood, III, David L., Li, Jianlin, & Daniel, Claus. Prospects for reducing the processing cost of lithium ion batteries. Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.019
Wood, III, David L., Li, Jianlin, and Daniel, Claus. Sun .
"Prospects for reducing the processing cost of lithium ion batteries". Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.019.
@article{osti_1249972,
title = {Prospects for reducing the processing cost of lithium ion batteries},
author = {Wood, III, David L. and Li, Jianlin and Daniel, Claus},
abstractNote = {A detailed processing cost breakdown is given for lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes, which focuses on: elimination of toxic, costly N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) dispersion chemistry; doubling the thicknesses of the anode and cathode to raise energy density; and, reduction of the anode electrolyte wetting and SEI-layer formation time. These processing cost reduction technologies generically adaptable to any anode or cathode cell chemistry and are being implemented at ORNL. This paper shows step by step how these cost savings can be realized in existing or new LIB manufacturing plants using a baseline case of thin (power) electrodes produced with NMP processing and a standard 10-14-day wetting and formation process. In particular, it is shown that aqueous electrode processing can cut the electrode processing cost and energy consumption by an order of magnitude. Doubling the thickness of the electrodes allows for using half of the inactive current collectors and separators, contributing even further to the processing cost savings. Finally wetting and SEI-layer formation cost savings are discussed in the context of a protocol with significantly reduced time. These three benefits collectively offer the possibility of reducing LIB pack cost from $502.8 kWh-1-usable to $370.3 kWh-1-usable, a savings of $132.5/kWh (or 26.4%).},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.019},
journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
number = C,
volume = 275,
place = {Netherlands},
year = {Sun Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Sun Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
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- Habedank, Jan Bernd; Kriegler, Johannes; Zaeh, Michael F.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 16
Review—SEI: Past, Present and Future
journal, January 2017
- Peled, E.; Menkin, S.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 7
Review—Practical Challenges Hindering the Development of Solid State Li Ion Batteries
journal, January 2017
- Kerman, Kian; Luntz, Alan; Viswanathan, Venkatasubramanian
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 7
Evaluation Residual Moisture in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes and Its Effect on Electrode Performance
journal, January 2016
- Li, Jianlin; Daniel, Claus; An, Seong Jin
- MRS Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 15
Understanding the structure and structural degradation mechanisms in high-voltage, lithium-manganese–rich lithium-ion battery cathode oxides: A review of materials diagnostics
journal, January 2015
- Mohanty, Debasish; Li, Jianlin; Nagpure, Shrikant C.
- MRS Energy & Sustainability, Vol. 2
Industrial applications of ultrafast laser processing
journal, December 2016
- Mottay, Eric; Liu, Xinbing; Zhang, Haibin
- MRS Bulletin, Vol. 41, Issue 12
Full Cell Parameterization of a High-Power Lithium-Ion Battery for a Physico-Chemical Model: Part I. Physical and Electrochemical Parameters
text, January 2018
- Schmalstieg, Johannes; Rahe, Christiane; Ecker, Madeleine
- RWTH Aachen University
Improved Capacity Retention of SiO2-Coated LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, September 2019
- Lu, Xiaoxue; Zhang, Ningxin; Jahn, Marcus
- Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 18
The Ultrafast Laser Ablation of Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2)O2 Electrodes with High Mass Loading
journal, September 2019
- Zhu, Penghui; Seifert, Hans Jürgen; Pfleging, Wilhelm
- Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 19
Exploring the Economic Potential of Sodium-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2019
- Peters, Jens; Peña Cruz, Alexandra; Weil, Marcel
- Batteries, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Life Cycle Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Automotive Applications
journal, June 2019
- Dai, Qiang; Kelly, Jarod C.; Gaines, Linda
- Batteries, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Exploring the Effect of Increased Energy Density on the Environmental Impacts of Traction Batteries: A Comparison of Energy Optimized Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Mobility Applications
journal, January 2018
- Cerdas, Felipe; Titscher, Paul; Bognar, Nicolas
- Energies, Vol. 11, Issue 1
Influence of Electrode Density on the Performance of Li-Ion Batteries: Experimental and Simulation Results
journal, February 2016
- Smekens, Jelle; Gopalakrishnan, Rahul; Steen, Nils
- Energies, Vol. 9, Issue 2
Environmental Screening of Electrode Materials for a Rechargeable Aluminum Battery with an AlCl3/EMIMCl Electrolyte
journal, June 2018
- Ellingsen, Linda; Holland, Alex; Drillet, Jean-Francois
- Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 6
Tailoring of Aqueous-Based Carbon Nanotube–Nanocellulose Films as Self-Standing Flexible Anodes for Lithium-Ion Storage
journal, April 2019
- Nguyen, Hoang Kha; Bae, Jaehan; Hur, Jaehyun
- Nanomaterials, Vol. 9, Issue 4