High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode

doi:10.1038/ncomms7362

Title: High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode

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Abstract

Lithium (Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries. However, dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency (CE) during repeated Li deposition/stripping processes have prevented the application of this anode in rechargeable Li metal batteries, especially for use at high current densities. Here, we report that the use of highly concentrated electrolytes composed of ether solvents and the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt enables the high rate cycling of a Li metal anode at high CE (up to 99.1 %) without dendrite growth. With 4 M LiFSI in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) as the electrolyte, a Li|Li cell can be cycled at high rates (10 mA cm ^-2) for more than 6000 cycles with no increase in the cell impedance, and a Cu|Li cell can be cycled at 4 mA cm-2 for more than 1000 cycles with an average CE of 98.4%. These excellent high rate performances can be attributed to the increased solvent coordination and increased availability of Li+ concentration in the electrolyte. Lastly, further development of this electrolyte may lead to practical applications for Li metal anode in rechargeable batteries. The fundamental mechanisms behind the high rate ion exchange and stability of the electrolytes also shine light on themore »« less

Authors:

Qian, Jiangfeng ^[1]; Henderson, Wesley A. ^[1]; Xu, Wu ^[1]; Bhattacharya, Priyanka ^[2]; Engelhard, Mark H. ^[3]; Borodin, Oleg ^[4]; Zhang, Jiguang ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research; Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Energy & Environment Directorate
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Energy & Environment Directorate
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab. (EMSL)
U.S. Army Research Lab., Adelphi, MD (United States). Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate

Publication Date:: 2015-02-20

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab. (EMSL)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

OSTI Identifier:: 1184948

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-107989
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723; 48379; 48316; KC0208010

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 25 ENERGY STORAGE

Citation Formats


                    Qian, Jiangfeng, Henderson, Wesley A., Xu, Wu, Bhattacharya, Priyanka, Engelhard, Mark H., Borodin, Oleg, and Zhang, Jiguang. High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
        Web.  doi:10.1038/ncomms7362.

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                    Qian, Jiangfeng, Henderson, Wesley A., Xu, Wu, Bhattacharya, Priyanka, Engelhard, Mark H., Borodin, Oleg, & Zhang, Jiguang. High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode.  United States.  doi:10.1038/ncomms7362.

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                    Qian, Jiangfeng, Henderson, Wesley A., Xu, Wu, Bhattacharya, Priyanka, Engelhard, Mark H., Borodin, Oleg, and Zhang, Jiguang. Fri .  
        "High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode".  United States.  doi:10.1038/ncomms7362.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1184948.

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@article{osti_1184948,

  title        = {High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode},

  author       = {Qian, Jiangfeng and Henderson, Wesley A. and Xu, Wu and Bhattacharya, Priyanka and Engelhard, Mark H. and Borodin, Oleg and Zhang, Jiguang},

  abstractNote = {Lithium (Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries. However, dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency (CE) during repeated Li deposition/stripping processes have prevented the application of this anode in rechargeable Li metal batteries, especially for use at high current densities. Here, we report that the use of highly concentrated electrolytes composed of ether solvents and the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt enables the high rate cycling of a Li metal anode at high CE (up to 99.1 %) without dendrite growth. With 4 M LiFSI in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) as the electrolyte, a Li|Li cell can be cycled at high rates (10 mA cm-2) for more than 6000 cycles with no increase in the cell impedance, and a Cu|Li cell can be cycled at 4 mA cm-2 for more than 1000 cycles with an average CE of 98.4%. These excellent high rate performances can be attributed to the increased solvent coordination and increased availability of Li+ concentration in the electrolyte. Lastly, further development of this electrolyte may lead to practical applications for Li metal anode in rechargeable batteries. The fundamental mechanisms behind the high rate ion exchange and stability of the electrolytes also shine light on the stability of other electrochemical systems.},

  doi          = {10.1038/ncomms7362},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 6,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2015},

  month        = {2}

}

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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7362

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