Monodisperse core/shell Ni/FePt nanoparticles and their con-version to Ni/Pt to catalyze oxygen reduction
Abstract
We report a size-controllable synthesis of monodisperse core/shell Ni/FePt nanoparticles (NPs) via a seed-mediated growth and their subsequent conversion to Ni/Pt NPs. Preventing surface oxidation of the Ni seeds is essential for the growth of uniform FePt shells. These Ni/FePt NPs have a thin (≈ 1 nm) FePt shell, and can be converted to Ni/Pt by acetic acid wash to yield active catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Tuning the core size allow for optimization of their electrocatalytic activity. The specific activity and mass activity of 4.2 nm/0.8 nm core/shell Ni/FePt reach 1.95 mA/cm² and 490 mA/mgPt at 0.9 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), which are much higher than those of benchmark commercial Pt catalyst (0.34 mA/cm² and 92 mA/mgPt at 0.9 V). Our studies provide a robust approach to monodisperse core/shell NPs with non-precious metal core, making it possible to develop advanced NP catalysts with ultralow Pt content for ORR and many other heterogeneous reactions.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1182492
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-107369-2015-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 0002-7863; R&D Project: 16060; KC0403020
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC00112704
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 136; Journal Issue: 45; Journal ID: ISSN 0002-7863
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY; functional nanomaterials
Citation Formats
Zhang, Sen, Hao, Yizhou, Su, Dong, Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V. T., Wu, Yaoting, Li, Jing, Sun, Shouheng, and Murray, Christopher B. Monodisperse core/shell Ni/FePt nanoparticles and their con-version to Ni/Pt to catalyze oxygen reduction. United States: N. p., 2014.
Web. doi:10.1021/ja5099066.
Zhang, Sen, Hao, Yizhou, Su, Dong, Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V. T., Wu, Yaoting, Li, Jing, Sun, Shouheng, & Murray, Christopher B. Monodisperse core/shell Ni/FePt nanoparticles and their con-version to Ni/Pt to catalyze oxygen reduction. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja5099066
Zhang, Sen, Hao, Yizhou, Su, Dong, Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V. T., Wu, Yaoting, Li, Jing, Sun, Shouheng, and Murray, Christopher B. Tue .
"Monodisperse core/shell Ni/FePt nanoparticles and their con-version to Ni/Pt to catalyze oxygen reduction". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja5099066. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1182492.
@article{osti_1182492,
title = {Monodisperse core/shell Ni/FePt nanoparticles and their con-version to Ni/Pt to catalyze oxygen reduction},
author = {Zhang, Sen and Hao, Yizhou and Su, Dong and Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V. T. and Wu, Yaoting and Li, Jing and Sun, Shouheng and Murray, Christopher B.},
abstractNote = {We report a size-controllable synthesis of monodisperse core/shell Ni/FePt nanoparticles (NPs) via a seed-mediated growth and their subsequent conversion to Ni/Pt NPs. Preventing surface oxidation of the Ni seeds is essential for the growth of uniform FePt shells. These Ni/FePt NPs have a thin (≈ 1 nm) FePt shell, and can be converted to Ni/Pt by acetic acid wash to yield active catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Tuning the core size allow for optimization of their electrocatalytic activity. The specific activity and mass activity of 4.2 nm/0.8 nm core/shell Ni/FePt reach 1.95 mA/cm² and 490 mA/mgPt at 0.9 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), which are much higher than those of benchmark commercial Pt catalyst (0.34 mA/cm² and 92 mA/mgPt at 0.9 V). Our studies provide a robust approach to monodisperse core/shell NPs with non-precious metal core, making it possible to develop advanced NP catalysts with ultralow Pt content for ORR and many other heterogeneous reactions.},
doi = {10.1021/ja5099066},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
number = 45,
volume = 136,
place = {United States},
year = {2014},
month = {10}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Improved Oxygen Reduction Activity on Pt3Ni(111) via Increased Surface Site Availability
journal, January 2007
- Stamenkovic, V. R.; Fowler, B.; Mun, B. S.
- Science, Vol. 315, Issue 5811, p. 493-497
Tuning Nanoparticle Catalysis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, June 2013
- Guo, Shaojun; Zhang, Sen; Sun, Shouheng
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 33
Advanced Platinum Alloy Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, April 2012
- Wang, Chao; Markovic, Nenad M.; Stamenkovic, Vojislav R.
- ACS Catalysis, Vol. 2, Issue 5
Platinum-Based Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts
journal, April 2013
- Wu, Jianbo; Yang, Hong
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 46, Issue 8
Mixed-PtPd-Shell PtPdCu Nanoparticle Nanotubes Templated from Copper Nanowires as Efficient and Highly Durable Electrocatalysts
journal, May 2012
- Li, Hui-Hui; Cui, Chun-Hua; Zhao, Shuo
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 10
Engineering Interface and Surface of Noble Metal Nanoparticle Nanotubes toward Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Fuel Cell Applications
journal, February 2013
- Cui, Chun-Hua; Yu, Shu-Hong
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 46, Issue 7
Monodisperse Pt 3 Co Nanoparticles as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Size-Dependent Activity
journal, October 2009
- Wang, Chao; van der Vliet, Dennis; Chang, Kee-Chul
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, Issue 45
A General Approach to the Size- and Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Reduction of Oxygen
journal, April 2008
- Wang, Chao; Daimon, Hideo; Onodera, Taigo
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 47, Issue 19
Compositional segregation in shaped Pt alloy nanoparticles and their structural behaviour during electrocatalysis
journal, June 2013
- Cui, Chunhua; Gan, Lin; Heggen, Marc
- Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 8
Highly Crystalline Multimetallic Nanoframes with Three-Dimensional Electrocatalytic Surfaces
journal, February 2014
- Chen, C.; Kang, Y.; Huo, Z.
- Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6177
Synthesis and Oxygen Reduction Activity of Shape-Controlled Pt 3 Ni Nanopolyhedra
journal, February 2010
- Zhang, Jun; Yang, Hongzhou; Fang, Jiye
- Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Synthesis and Characterization of 9 nm Pt–Ni Octahedra with a Record High Activity of 3.3 A/mg Pt for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, June 2013
- Choi, Sang-Il; Xie, Shuifen; Shao, Minhua
- Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 7
Icosahedral Platinum Alloy Nanocrystals with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activities
journal, July 2012
- Wu, Jianbo; Qi, Liang; You, Hongjun
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 29
FePt and CoPt Nanowires as Efficient Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, February 2013
- Guo, Shaojun; Li, Dongguo; Zhu, Huiyuan
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 12
Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Properties of Cubic Mn−Pt Nanocrystals (Nanocubes)
journal, June 2010
- Kang, Yijin; Murray, Christopher B.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 22
Carbon Monoxide-Assisted Size Confinement of Bimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles
journal, March 2014
- Cui, Chunhua; Gan, Lin; Neumann, Maximilian
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 13
Synthesis of Homogeneous Pt-Bimetallic Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts
journal, September 2011
- Wang, Chao; Chi, Miaofang; Li, Dongguo
- ACS Catalysis, Vol. 1, Issue 10, p. 1355-1359
Synthetic Control of FePtM Nanorods (M = Cu, Ni) To Enhance the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, May 2013
- Zhu, Huiyuan; Zhang, Sen; Guo, Shaojun
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 19
Ternary Heterostructured Nanoparticle Tubes: A Dual Catalyst and Its Synergistic Enhancement Effects for O2/H2O2 Reduction
journal, October 2010
- Cui, Chun-Hua; Li, Hui-Hui; Yu, Jin-Wen
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 49, Issue 48
Ultrathin PtPdTe Nanowires as Superior Catalysts for Methanol Electrooxidation
journal, June 2013
- Li, Hui-Hui; Zhao, Shuo; Gong, Ming
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 29
Tuning Nanoparticle Structure and Surface Strain for Catalysis Optimization
journal, May 2014
- Zhang, Sen; Zhang, Xu; Jiang, Guangming
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 21
Structurally ordered intermetallic platinum–cobalt core–shell nanoparticles with enhanced activity and stability as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts
journal, October 2012
- Wang, Deli; Xin, Huolin L.; Hovden, Robert
- Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 1, p. 81-87
A Surfactant-Free Strategy for Synthesizing and Processing Intermetallic Platinum-Based Nanoparticle Catalysts
journal, October 2012
- Chen, Hao; Wang, Deli; Yu, Yingchao
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 44
Structure-Induced Enhancement in Electrooxidation of Trimetallic FePtAu Nanoparticles
journal, March 2012
- Zhang, Sen; Guo, Shaojun; Zhu, Huiyuan
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 11
Strained Lattice with Persistent Atomic Order in Pt 3 Fe 2 Intermetallic Core–Shell Nanocatalysts
journal, June 2013
- Prabhudev, Sagar; Bugnet, Matthieu; Bock, Christina
- ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 7
Trends in electrocatalysis on extended and nanoscale Pt-bimetallic alloy surfaces
journal, February 2007
- Stamenkovic, Vojislav R.; Mun, Bongjin Simon; Arenz, Matthias
- Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 3, p. 241-247
Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed core–shell fuel cell catalysts
journal, April 2010
- Strasser, Peter; Koh, Shirlaine; Anniyev, Toyli
- Nature Chemistry, Vol. 2, Issue 6
Platinum Monolayer Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts
journal, November 2007
- Adzic, R. R.; Zhang, J.; Sasaki, K.
- Topics in Catalysis, Vol. 46, Issue 3-4, p. 249-262
Platinum-Based Electrocatalysts with Core-Shell Nanostructures
journal, February 2011
- Yang, Hong
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 50, Issue 12
Pd-Pt Bimetallic Nanodendrites with High Activity for Oxygen Reduction
journal, May 2009
- Lim, B.; Jiang, M.; Camargo, P. H. C.
- Science, Vol. 324, Issue 5932, p. 1302-1305
Multimetallic Au/FePt 3 Nanoparticles as Highly Durable Electrocatalyst
journal, March 2011
- Wang, Chao; van der Vliet, Dennis; More, Karren L.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 3
Core/Shell Pd/FePt Nanoparticles as an Active and Durable Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, June 2010
- Mazumder, Vismadeb; Chi, Miaofang; More, Karren L.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 23
Core/Shell Au/CuPt Nanoparticles and Their Dual Electrocatalysis for Both Reduction and Oxidation Reactions
journal, April 2014
- Sun, Xiaolian; Li, Dongguo; Ding, Yong
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 15
Stabilization and compressive strain effect of AuCu core on Pt shell for oxygen reduction reaction
journal, January 2012
- Yang, Jinhua; Chen, Xiaojun; Yang, Xianfeng
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 10
Morphology and Lateral Strain Control of Pt Nanoparticles via Core–Shell Construction Using Alloy AgPd Core Toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, October 2012
- Yang, Jinhua; Yang, Jun; Ying, Jackie Y.
- ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 11
Ordered bilayer ruthenium–platinum core-shell nanoparticles as carbon monoxide-tolerant fuel cell catalysts
journal, September 2013
- Hsieh, Yu-Chi; Zhang, Yu; Su, Dong
- Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Core/Shell FePtM/FePt (M = Pd, Au) Nanowires and Their Electrocatalysis for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, September 2013
- Guo, Shaojun; Zhang, Sen; Su, Dong
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 37
Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts for O2 Reduction: Pt Monolayer on Pd(111) and on Carbon-Supported Pd Nanoparticles
journal, July 2004
- Zhang, J.; Mo, Y.; Vukmirovic, M. B.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 30, p. 10955-10964
Platinum-Monolayer Shell on AuNi 0.5 Fe Nanoparticle Core Electrocatalyst with High Activity and Stability for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, October 2010
- Gong, Kuanping; Su, Dong; Adzic, Radoslav R.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 41
Highly stable Pt monolayer on PdAu nanoparticle electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
journal, January 2012
- Sasaki, Kotaro; Naohara, Hideo; Choi, YongMan
- Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Control of Metal Nanocrystal Size Reveals Metal-Support Interface Role for Ceria Catalysts
journal, July 2013
- Cargnello, M.; Doan-Nguyen, V. V. T.; Gordon, T. R.
- Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6147
Dispersible Ferromagnetic FePt Nanoparticles
journal, February 2009
- Kim, Jaemin; Rong, Chuanbing; Liu, J. Ping
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 8
Bulk Metallic Glass-like Scattering Signal in Small Metallic Nanoparticles
journal, May 2014
- Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V. T.; Kimber, Simon A. J.; Pontoni, Diego
- ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 6
Z-contrast stem for materials science
journal, June 1989
- Pennycook, S. J.
- Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 30, Issue 1-2
Oxygen reduction in nanoporous metal–ionic liquid composite electrocatalysts
journal, October 2010
- Snyder, J.; Fujita, T.; Chen, M. W.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 11
Computational Design of Core/Shell Nanoparticles for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
journal, December 2013
- Zhang, Xu; Lu, Gang
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 2
The role of transition metals in the catalytic activity of Pt alloys: quantification of strain and ligand effects
journal, January 2014
- Shao, Minhua; Odell, Jonathan H.; Peles, Amra
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 50, Issue 17
Works referencing / citing this record:
The controlled construction of a ternary hybrid of monodisperse Ni 3 S 4 nanorods/graphitic C 3 N 4 nanosheets/nitrogen-doped graphene in van der Waals heterojunctions as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries
journal, January 2019
- Yang, Jing; Xing, Shiqi; Zhou, Jianbin
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 8
Core–Shell-Structured Low-Platinum Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell Applications
journal, July 2018
- Wang, Rongfang; Wang, Hui; Luo, Fan
- Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Vol. 1, Issue 3
A bimetallic oxide Fe 1.89 Mo 4.11 O 7 electrocatalyst with highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction activity in alkaline and acidic media
journal, January 2018
- Hao, Zhaomin; Yang, Shishuai; Niu, Jingyang
- Chemical Science, Vol. 9, Issue 25
Highly Durable and Active Pt-Based Nanoscale Design for Fuel-Cell Oxygen-Reduction Electrocatalysts
journal, January 2018
- Chung, Dong Young; Yoo, Ji Mun; Sung, Yung-Eun
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 42
Nano PdAu Bimetallic Alloy as an Effective Catalyst for the Buchwald-Hartwig Reaction
journal, July 2015
- Chen, Zheng; Wang, Shuo; Lian, Chao
- Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 3
Ru@RuO 2 Core‐Shell Nanorods: A Highly Active and Stable Bifunctional Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
journal, April 2019
- Jiang, Rongzhong; Tran, Dat T.; Li, Jiangtian
- ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS, Vol. 2, Issue 3
MoS 2 /NiS Yolk–Shell Microsphere‐Based Electrodes for Overall Water Splitting and Asymmetric Supercapacitor
journal, November 2018
- Qin, Qing; Chen, Lulu; Wei, Tao
- Small, Vol. 15, Issue 29
Monodisperse nanoparticles for catalysis and nanomedicine
journal, January 2019
- Muzzio, Michelle; Li, Junrui; Yin, Zhouyang
- Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 41
Ni nanoparticles supported on graphitic carbon nitride as visible light catalysts for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane
journal, January 2019
- Gao, Manyi; Yu, Yongsheng; Yang, Weiwei
- Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 8
Facile fabrication of bimetallic Cu–Ag binary hybrid nanoparticles and their application in catalysis
journal, January 2019
- Meng, Yuxi; Gao, Hanyu; Li, Shuang
- New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 17
Synergistically Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis by Subsurface Atoms in Ternary PdCuNi Alloy Catalysts
journal, February 2018
- Wang, Huawei; Luo, Wenjia; Zhu, Lujun
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 15
When Cubic Cobalt Sulfide Meets Layered Molybdenum Disulfide: A Core-Shell System Toward Synergetic Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
journal, July 2015
- Zhu, Han; Zhang, Junfeng; Yanzhang, Ruoping
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 32
Tailoring the shape and size of wet-chemical synthesized FePt nanoparticles by controlling nucleation and growth with a high magnetic field
journal, January 2019
- Wu, Chun; Wang, Xiaoyang; Pei, Wenli
- Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 32
Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications of Transition Metal Nanoparticles
journal, September 2019
- Cid, A.; Simal-Gandara, J.
- Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 4
Ordered mesoporous FeN x -doped carbon: a class of highly active and stable catalysts in acids, bases and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
journal, January 2018
- Jiang, Rongzhong; Tran, Dat T.; McClure, Joshua P.
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 9
Porous AgPd-Pd Composite Nanotubes as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries
journal, September 2015
- Luo, Wen-Bin; Gao, Xuan-Wen; Chou, Shu-Lei
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 43
Superhydrophilic and Superaerophobic Copper Phosphide Microsheets for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution
journal, June 2016
- Hao, Jinhui; Yang, Wenshu; Huang, Zhipeng
- Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 3, Issue 16
Ultrafine jagged platinum nanowires enable ultrahigh mass activity for the oxygen reduction reaction
journal, November 2016
- Li, Mufan; Zhao, Zipeng; Cheng, Tao
- Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6318
Bimetallic synergy in cobalt–palladium nanocatalysts for CO oxidation
journal, December 2018
- Wu, Cheng Hao; Liu, Chang; Su, Dong
- Nature Catalysis, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Tungsten-Doping-Induced Surface Reconstruction of Porous Ternary Pt-Based Alloy Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
journal, January 2019
- Tu, Wenzhe; Chen, Kai; Zhu, Lujun
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 7
Atomic Platinum Anchored on Fe-N-C Material for High Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Atomic Platinum Anchored on Fe-N-C Material for High Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, January 2020
- Sha, Ying; Ji, Jiapeng; Li, Siyuan
- European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 2020, Issue 2
Noble metal alloy complex nanostructures: controllable synthesis and their electrochemical property
journal, January 2015
- Liu, Hui-ling; Nosheen, Farhat; Wang, Xun
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 44, Issue 10
Integrated Quasiplane Heteronanostructures of MoSe 2 /Bi 2 Se 3 Hexagonal Nanosheets: Synergetic Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance
journal, November 2017
- Yang, Jing; Wang, Chunde; Ju, Huanxin
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 48
High-index faceted CuFeS 2 nanosheets with enhanced behavior for boosting hydrogen evolution reaction
journal, January 2017
- Li, Yuxuan; Wang, Yu; Pattengale, Brian
- Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 26
Core–shell nanoparticles: synthesis and applications in catalysis and electrocatalysis
journal, January 2015
- Gawande, Manoj B.; Goswami, Anandarup; Asefa, Tewodros
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 44, Issue 21
Facet and dimensionality control of Pt nanostructures for efficient oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation electrocatalysts
journal, July 2016
- Bu, Lingzheng; Feng, Yonggang; Yao, Jianlin
- Nano Research, Vol. 9, Issue 9
Self-assembly of noble metal monolayers on transition metal carbide nanoparticle catalysts
journal, May 2016
- Hunt, S. T.; Milina, M.; Alba-Rubio, A. C.
- Science, Vol. 352, Issue 6288
Controlled synthesis of Au–Fe heterodimer nanoparticles and their conversion into Au–Fe 3 O 4 heterostructured nanoparticles
journal, January 2016
- Jiang, Guangming; Huang, Yuxi; Zhang, Sen
- Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 41