Indications for a Critical End Point in the Phase Diagram for Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter

Lacey, Roy A.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.142301

Title: Indications for a Critical End Point in the Phase Diagram for Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter

Abstract

Here, excitation functions for the Gaussian emission source radii difference ( $R_{out}^{2} - R_{side}^{2}$ ) obtained from two-pion interferometry measurements in $Au + Au$ ( $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 7.7 - 200 GeV$ ) and $Pb + Pb$ ( $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76 TeV$ ) collisions are reported on for a broad range of collision centralities. The observed nonmonotonic excitation functions validate the finite-size scaling patterns expected for the deconfinement phase transition and the critical end point (CEP), in the temperature versus baryon chemical potential ( $T, μ_{B}$ ) plane of the nuclear matter phase diagram. A finite-size scaling (FSS) analysis of these data suggests a second order phase transition with the estimates $T^{cep} ~ 165 MeV$ and $μ_{B}^{cep} ~ 95 MeV$ for the location of the critical end point. The critical exponents ( $ν \approx 0.66$ and $γ \approx 1.2$ ) extracted via the same FSS analysis place this CEP in the 3D Ising model universality class.

Authors:

Lacey, Roy A. ^[1]

Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Apr 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Syracuse, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1598592

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1179322

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-87ER40331

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 114; Journal Issue: 14; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Critical point

Citation Formats


                    Lacey, Roy A. Indications for a Critical End Point in the Phase Diagram for Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.142301.

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                    Lacey, Roy A. Indications for a Critical End Point in the Phase Diagram for Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.142301

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                    Lacey, Roy A. Mon .  
"Indications for a Critical End Point in the Phase Diagram for Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.142301.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1598592.

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@article{osti_1598592,

  title        = {Indications for a Critical End Point in the Phase Diagram for Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter},

  author       = {Lacey, Roy A.},

  abstractNote = {Here, excitation functions for the Gaussian emission source radii difference (Rout2-Rside2) obtained from two-pion interferometry measurements in Au+Au (sNN=7.7–200GeV) and Pb+Pb (sNN=2.76TeV) collisions are reported on for a broad range of collision centralities. The observed nonmonotonic excitation functions validate the finite-size scaling patterns expected for the deconfinement phase transition and the critical end point (CEP), in the temperature versus baryon chemical potential (T,μB) plane of the nuclear matter phase diagram. A finite-size scaling (FSS) analysis of these data suggests a second order phase transition with the estimates Tcep~165MeV and μBcep~95MeV for the location of the critical end point. The critical exponents (ν≈0.66 and γ≈1.2) extracted via the same FSS analysis place this CEP in the 3D Ising model universality class.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.142301},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 14,

  volume       = 114,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Apr 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Mon Apr 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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Title: Indications for a Critical End Point in the Phase Diagram for Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter

Abstract

Citation Formats

Universality, the QCD critical and tricritical point, and the quark number susceptibility journal, January 2003

Critical end point and its consequences journal, August 2006

Transverse momentum dependence of Hanbury-Brown–Twiss correlation radii journal, February 1996

QCD Phase Diagram and the Critical Point journal, January 2004

Lattice QCD Phase Diagram In and Away from the Strong Coupling Limit journal, October 2014

Canonical partition function and finite density phase transition in lattice QCD journal, October 2008

Initial eccentricity fluctuations and their relation to higher-order flow harmonics journal, April 2011

The time-delay signature of quark-gluon plasma formation in relativistic nuclear collisions journal, October 1996

Strongly Interacting Low-Viscosity Matter Created in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions journal, October 2006

Critical point of QCD at finite T and , lattice results for physical quark masses journal, April 2004

New Cross Term in the Two-Particle Hanbury-Brown–Twiss Correlation Function in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, May 1995

Status of chemical freeze-out journal, November 2006

Critical point of N f = 3 QCD from lattice simulations in the canonical ensemble journal, October 2011

Hydrostatic Equilibrium of Hypothetical Quark Stars journal, July 1970

Chiral restoration at finite density and temperature journal, November 1989

The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics journal, October 2006

Elliptic flow and incomplete equilibration at RHIC journal, October 2005

Chiral transition in a finite system and possible use of finite-size scaling in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, June 2011

Has the QCD Critical Point Been Signaled by Observations at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider? journal, March 2007

Beam energy dependence of the expansion dynamics in relativistic heavy ion collisions: Indications for the critical end point? journal, November 2014

Equilibrium statistical–thermal models in high-energy physics journal, June 2014

Critical exponents from seven-loop strong-coupling φ 4 theory in three dimensions journal, September 1999

Pion Interferometry for Exploding Sources journal, September 1984

Finite-size effects and scaling for the thermal QCD deconfinementphase transition within the exact color-singlet partition function journal, October 2005

Centrality categorization for R p ( d ) + A in high-energy collisions journal, September 2014

Color superconductivity and chiral symmetry restoration at non-zero baryon density and temperature journal, January 1999

Hadronization and hadronic freeze-out in relativistic nuclear collisions journal, April 2012

Critical phenomena and renormalization-group theory journal, October 2002

Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions journal, November 2007

Beam Energy Dependence of the Viscous Damping of Anisotropic Flow in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions journal, February 2014

QCD Phase Transition with Chiral Quarks and Physical Quark Masses journal, August 2014

Hydrodynamics near the QCD Phase Transition: Looking for the Longest-Lived Fireball journal, November 1995

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD journal, November 1998

Canonical partition function and finite density phase transition in lattice QCD text, January 2008

Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV text, January 2010

Hadronization and Hadronic Freeze-Out in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions text, January 2012

The lattice QCD phase diagram in and away from the strong coupling limit text, January 2014

Beam energy dependence of the expansion dynamics in relativistic heavy ion collisions: Indications for the critical end point? text, January 2014

Equilibrium Statistical-Thermal Models in High-Energy Physics text, January 2014

Critical point of QCD at finite T and μ, lattice results for physical quark masses text, January 2004

The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics text, January 2006

QCD phase diagram and the critical point text, January 2004

Finite-Size Effects and Scaling for the Thermal QCD Deconfinement Phase Transition within the Exact Color-Singlet Partition Function text, January 2004

Status of Chemical Freeze-Out text, January 2006

Color Superconductivity and Chiral Symmetry Restoration at Nonzero Baryon Density and Temperature text, January 1998

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD text, January 1998

Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions text, January 2007

Critical End Point and Its Consequences text, January 2005

Transverse Momentum Dependence of Hanbury-Brown/Twiss Correlation Radii text, January 1995

Conformal perturbation theory confronts lattice results in the vicinity of a critical point journal, August 2019

From hadrons to quarks in neutron stars: a review journal, March 2018

Excitation functions of parameters in Erlang distribution, Schwinger mechanism, and Tsallis statistics in RHIC BES program journal, May 2016

Event patterns (particle scatter plots) extracted from charged particle spectra in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV journal, January 2017

Initial, effective, and kinetic freeze-out temperatures from transverse momentum spectra in high-energy proton(deuteron)–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions journal, January 2020

Proper time regularization and the QCD chiral phase transition journal, April 2017

Centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out parameters from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations using a hadron resonance gas model journal, July 2017

Conformal perturbation theory confronts lattice results in the vicinity of a critical point text, January 2019

Scaled variance, skewness, and kurtosis near the critical point of nuclear matter text, January 2015

Cumulants of multiplicity distributions in most-central heavy-ion collisions text, January 2016

Excitation functions of parameters in Erlang distribution, Schwinger mechanism, and Tsallis statistics in RHIC BES program text, January 2016

Centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out parameters from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations using hadron resonance gas model text, January 2016

Nuclear cluster structure effect on elliptic and triangular flows in heavy-ion collisions text, January 2017

From hadrons to quarks in neutron stars: a review text, January 2017

Universality, the QCD critical and tricritical point, and the quark number susceptibility
journal, January 2003

Critical end point and its consequences
journal, August 2006

Transverse momentum dependence of Hanbury-Brown–Twiss correlation radii
journal, February 1996

QCD Phase Diagram and the Critical Point
journal, January 2004

Lattice QCD Phase Diagram In and Away from the Strong Coupling Limit
journal, October 2014

Canonical partition function and finite density phase transition in lattice QCD
journal, October 2008

Initial eccentricity fluctuations and their relation to higher-order flow harmonics
journal, April 2011

The time-delay signature of quark-gluon plasma formation in relativistic nuclear collisions
journal, October 1996

Strongly Interacting Low-Viscosity Matter Created in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
journal, October 2006

Critical point of QCD at finite T and , lattice results for physical quark masses
journal, April 2004

New Cross Term in the Two-Particle Hanbury-Brown–Twiss Correlation Function in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, May 1995

Status of chemical freeze-out
journal, November 2006

Critical point of $N_{f} = 3$ QCD from lattice simulations in the canonical ensemble
journal, October 2011

Hydrostatic Equilibrium of Hypothetical Quark Stars
journal, July 1970

Chiral restoration at finite density and temperature
journal, November 1989

The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
journal, October 2006

Elliptic flow and incomplete equilibration at RHIC
journal, October 2005

Chiral transition in a finite system and possible use of finite-size scaling in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, June 2011

Has the QCD Critical Point Been Signaled by Observations at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider?
journal, March 2007

Beam energy dependence of the expansion dynamics in relativistic heavy ion collisions: Indications for the critical end point?
journal, November 2014

Equilibrium statistical–thermal models in high-energy physics
journal, June 2014

Critical exponents from seven-loop strong-coupling $φ^{4}$ theory in three dimensions
journal, September 1999

Pion Interferometry for Exploding Sources
journal, September 1984

Finite-size effects and scaling for the thermal QCD deconfinementphase transition within the exact color-singlet partition function
journal, October 2005

Centrality categorization for $R_{p (d) + A}$ in high-energy collisions
journal, September 2014

Color superconductivity and chiral symmetry restoration at non-zero baryon density and temperature
journal, January 1999

Hadronization and hadronic freeze-out in relativistic nuclear collisions
journal, April 2012

Critical phenomena and renormalization-group theory
journal, October 2002

Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
journal, November 2007

Beam Energy Dependence of the Viscous Damping of Anisotropic Flow in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
journal, February 2014

QCD Phase Transition with Chiral Quarks and Physical Quark Masses
journal, August 2014

Hydrodynamics near the QCD Phase Transition: Looking for the Longest-Lived Fireball
journal, November 1995

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
journal, November 1998

Canonical partition function and finite density phase transition in lattice QCD
text, January 2008

Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV
text, January 2010

Hadronization and Hadronic Freeze-Out in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
text, January 2012

The lattice QCD phase diagram in and away from the strong coupling limit
text, January 2014

Beam energy dependence of the expansion dynamics in relativistic heavy ion collisions: Indications for the critical end point?
text, January 2014

Equilibrium Statistical-Thermal Models in High-Energy Physics
text, January 2014

Critical point of QCD at finite T and μ, lattice results for physical quark masses
text, January 2004

The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
text, January 2006

QCD phase diagram and the critical point
text, January 2004

Finite-Size Effects and Scaling for the Thermal QCD Deconfinement Phase Transition within the Exact Color-Singlet Partition Function
text, January 2004

Status of Chemical Freeze-Out
text, January 2006

Color Superconductivity and Chiral Symmetry Restoration at Nonzero Baryon Density and Temperature
text, January 1998

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
text, January 1998

Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
text, January 2007

Critical End Point and Its Consequences
text, January 2005

Transverse Momentum Dependence of Hanbury-Brown/Twiss Correlation Radii
text, January 1995

Conformal perturbation theory confronts lattice results in the vicinity of a critical point
journal, August 2019

From hadrons to quarks in neutron stars: a review
journal, March 2018

Excitation functions of parameters in Erlang distribution, Schwinger mechanism, and Tsallis statistics in RHIC BES program
journal, May 2016

Event patterns (particle scatter plots) extracted from charged particle spectra in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV
journal, January 2017

Initial, effective, and kinetic freeze-out temperatures from transverse momentum spectra in high-energy proton(deuteron)–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions
journal, January 2020

Proper time regularization and the QCD chiral phase transition
journal, April 2017

Centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out parameters from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations using a hadron resonance gas model
journal, July 2017

Conformal perturbation theory confronts lattice results in the vicinity of a critical point
text, January 2019

Scaled variance, skewness, and kurtosis near the critical point of nuclear matter
text, January 2015

Cumulants of multiplicity distributions in most-central heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2016

Excitation functions of parameters in Erlang distribution, Schwinger mechanism, and Tsallis statistics in RHIC BES program
text, January 2016

Centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out parameters from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations using hadron resonance gas model
text, January 2016

Nuclear cluster structure effect on elliptic and triangular flows in heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2017

From hadrons to quarks in neutron stars: a review
text, January 2017