Semicrystalline polyamide engineering thermoplastics based on the renewable monomer, 1,9-nonane diamine: Thermal properties and water absorption
Abstract
Here, a series of poly(1,9-nonamethylene adipamide-co-1,9-nonamethylene terephthalamide) copolymers were produced using melt polymerization and the thermal properties, crystal structure, and moisture uptake characterized. The results confirmed that the copolymers exhibit isomorphism. As expected, glass transition temperature and the apparent melting temperature increased with increasing terephthalmide content. Using the difference in the apparent melting temperature to the crystallization temperature as a measure of relative crystallization rate, it was observed that crystallization rate decreased as the terephthalamide content of the copolymer was increased from 0 to 50 mole percent but then sharply increased when increased beyond 50 mole percent. This behavior may be the result of extensive inter- and intramolecular interactions in the melt associated with terephthalmide units in the polymer chain that nucleate crystallization upon cooling below the equilibrium melting temperature. Comparing the thermal properties of copolymers possessing an excess of terephthalmide units to the commodity polyamide Nylon 6,6, it is believed that these copolymers may have utility as partially renewable engineering thermoplastics.
- Authors:
-
- North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1053189
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/GO/88160-47
Journal ID: ISSN 0360-2559
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG36-08GO88160
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 51; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 0360-2559
- Publisher:
- Taylor & Francis
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 1,9-nonane diamine; nylon; polyamide; poly(1,9-nonamethylene adipamide-co-1,9-nonamethylene terephthalamide); renewable polymer; semicrystalline polyamide
Citation Formats
Kugel, Alex, He, Jie, Samanta, Satyabrata, Bahr, James, Lattimer, Jessica L., Fuqua, Michael A., Ulven, Chad A., and Chisholm, Bret J. Semicrystalline polyamide engineering thermoplastics based on the renewable monomer, 1,9-nonane diamine: Thermal properties and water absorption. United States: N. p., 2012.
Web. doi:10.1080/03602559.2012.699576.
Kugel, Alex, He, Jie, Samanta, Satyabrata, Bahr, James, Lattimer, Jessica L., Fuqua, Michael A., Ulven, Chad A., & Chisholm, Bret J. Semicrystalline polyamide engineering thermoplastics based on the renewable monomer, 1,9-nonane diamine: Thermal properties and water absorption. United States. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2012.699576
Kugel, Alex, He, Jie, Samanta, Satyabrata, Bahr, James, Lattimer, Jessica L., Fuqua, Michael A., Ulven, Chad A., and Chisholm, Bret J. Mon .
"Semicrystalline polyamide engineering thermoplastics based on the renewable monomer, 1,9-nonane diamine: Thermal properties and water absorption". United States. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2012.699576. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1053189.
@article{osti_1053189,
title = {Semicrystalline polyamide engineering thermoplastics based on the renewable monomer, 1,9-nonane diamine: Thermal properties and water absorption},
author = {Kugel, Alex and He, Jie and Samanta, Satyabrata and Bahr, James and Lattimer, Jessica L. and Fuqua, Michael A. and Ulven, Chad A. and Chisholm, Bret J.},
abstractNote = {Here, a series of poly(1,9-nonamethylene adipamide-co-1,9-nonamethylene terephthalamide) copolymers were produced using melt polymerization and the thermal properties, crystal structure, and moisture uptake characterized. The results confirmed that the copolymers exhibit isomorphism. As expected, glass transition temperature and the apparent melting temperature increased with increasing terephthalmide content. Using the difference in the apparent melting temperature to the crystallization temperature as a measure of relative crystallization rate, it was observed that crystallization rate decreased as the terephthalamide content of the copolymer was increased from 0 to 50 mole percent but then sharply increased when increased beyond 50 mole percent. This behavior may be the result of extensive inter- and intramolecular interactions in the melt associated with terephthalmide units in the polymer chain that nucleate crystallization upon cooling below the equilibrium melting temperature. Comparing the thermal properties of copolymers possessing an excess of terephthalmide units to the commodity polyamide Nylon 6,6, it is believed that these copolymers may have utility as partially renewable engineering thermoplastics.},
doi = {10.1080/03602559.2012.699576},
journal = {Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering},
number = 12,
volume = 51,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Aug 27 00:00:00 EDT 2012},
month = {Mon Aug 27 00:00:00 EDT 2012}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Plant oil renewable resources as green alternatives in polymer science
journal, January 2007
- Meier, Michael A. R.; Metzger, Jürgen O.; Schubert, Ulrich S.
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 36, Issue 11
Binary Alloys of Nylon 1010 and Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer: Chemical, Morphological, and Mechanical Analysis
journal, March 1997
- Xiaomin, Zhang; Zhihui, Yin; Jinhua, Yin
- Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, Vol. 36, Issue 2
Mechanical Properties and Plastic Deformation of PA-6 and of some of PA-6 Composites and Blends
journal, August 1999
- Chiriac, Mihaela; Chiriac, Viorel; Vasile, Cornelia
- International Journal of Polymeric Materials, Vol. 44, Issue 1-2
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of MC Nylon 6
journal, April 2012
- Xu, Sheng; Zhao, Xiaowen; Ye, Lin
- Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, Vol. 51, Issue 7
Studies on Crystal Morphology and Crystallization Kinetics of Polyamide 66 Filled with CaCO 3 of Different Sizes and Size Distribution
journal, April 2012
- Shao, Xiao-Lin; Wei, Yun-Feng; Wu, Li
- Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, Vol. 51, Issue 6
Study on the Friction and Wear Behaviors of Modified PA66 Composites
journal, May 2009
- Xing, Y.; Zhang, G.; Ma, K.
- Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, Vol. 48, Issue 6
A Novel Method for In Situ Synthesis of Nanostructure Hydroxyapatite–nylon 66 Composites in Tissue Engineering
journal, June 2012
- Mehrabanian, Mehran; Nasr-Esfahani, Mojtaba; Jafari, Majid
- International Journal of Polymeric Materials, Vol. 61, Issue 7
Some aspects of the crystallization of ethylene copolymers
journal, December 2000
- Isasi, J. R.; Haigh, J. A.; Graham, J. T.
- Polymer, Vol. 41, Issue 25, p. 8813-8823
Theory of Copolymer Crystallization
journal, July 1973
- Helfand, Eugene; Lauritzen, John I.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 6, Issue 4
Isomorphism phenomena in macromolecules
journal, June 1961
- Natta, G.; Corradini, P.; Sianesi, D.
- Journal of Polymer Science, Vol. 51, Issue 156, p. 527-539
Isomorphism in synthetic macromolecular systems
book, January 1969
- Allegra, G.; Bassi, I. W.
- Advances in Polymer Science
The p-phenylene linkage in linear high polymers: Some structure–property relationships
journal, January 1952
- Edgar, Owen B.; Hill, Rowland
- Journal of Polymer Science, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Isomorphous replacement in copolyamide systems: Adipic and terephthalic acids
journal, January 1960
- Yu, Arthur J.; Evans, Robert D.
- Journal of Polymer Science, Vol. 42, Issue 139
Détermination de la viscosité intrinsèque de solutions de polymères par une simple détermination de la viscosité
journal, November 1962
- Solomon, O. F.; Ciutǎ, I. Z.
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 6, Issue 24, p. 683-686
Structural data and thermal studies on nylon-12,10
journal, October 1995
- Franco, Lourdes; Puiggalí, Jordi
- Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 33, Issue 14
An investigation of the structures of polyamide series
journal, January 1959
- Kinoshita, Yukio
- Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Vol. 33, Issue 1, p. 1-20
Comparison of Structures and Behavior on Heating of Solution-Grown, Chain-Folded Lamellar Crystals of 31 Even−Even Nylons
journal, April 2000
- Jones, Nathan A.; Atkins, Edward D. T.; Hill, Mary J.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 33, Issue 7
Crystal Structure of Novel Polyamides with Long Diacid Segment: Polyamides 2 16, 4 16, 6 16, 8 16, 10 16, and 12 16
journal, April 2003
- Li, Weihua; Yan, Deyue
- Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 3, Issue 4
Morphology and Structure of Chain-Folded Lamellar Crystals of Nylons 2 22, 4 22, 6 22, 8 22, 10 22, and 12 22
journal, March 2004
- Zhang, Guosheng; Yan, Deyue
- Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 4, Issue 2
On the Lamellar Crystal Structure of Nylons 6,8 and 8,10: A Study Combining Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis
journal, January 2003
- Bermúdez, Marta; León, Salvador; Alemán, Carlos
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 204, Issue 1
The crystal structure of polyheptamethylene pimelamide (nylon 77)
journal, January 1959
- Kinoshita, Yukio
- Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Vol. 33, Issue 1, p. 21-31
Investigation of odd-odd nylons based on undecanedioic acid. 2: Crystal structures
journal, January 2005
- Cui, Xiaowen; Li, Weihua; Yan, Deyue
- Polymer Engineering & Science, Vol. 45, Issue 12
Isomorphous Replacement in Copolyamide Systems. Homologs of Adipic and Terephthalic Acids
journal, October 1959
- Yu, Arthur J.; Evans, Robert D.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 81, Issue 20
Einfluß verzweigter codiole auf das kristallisationsverhalten von aromatischen polyestern
journal, December 1977
- Bier, P.; Binsack, R.; Vernaleken, H.
- Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie, Vol. 65, Issue 1
Effects of rigid segments on structure and properties of unoriented and oriented poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide-co-ethylene terephthalates)
journal, April 1987
- Yamada, Kenji; Hashimoto, Kazuto; Takayanagi, Motowo
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 33, Issue 5
Amide modified polybutylene terephthalate: structure and properties
journal, February 1997
- van Bennekom, A. C. M.; Gaymans, R. J.
- Polymer, Vol. 38, Issue 3
Sorption of water by aliphatic polyamides. Review
journal, January 1985
- Razumovskii, L. P.; Markin, V. S.; Zaikov, G. Ye
- Polymer Science U.S.S.R., Vol. 27, Issue 4
Works referencing / citing this record:
Poly(decamethylene terephthalamide) copolymerized with long-chain alkyl dodecanedioic acid: Toward bio-based polymer and improved performances: Research Article
journal, April 2018
- Zou, Guangji; Wang, Pingli; Feng, Wutong
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 135, Issue 31
Structure and properties of bio‐based polyamide 109 treated with superheated water
journal, May 2019
- Tao, Lei; Liu, Ke; Li, Taotao
- Polymer International, Vol. 68, Issue 8
Preparation and properties of biobased polyamides based on 1,9-azelaic acid and different chain length diamines
journal, April 2019
- Tao, Lei; Liu, Ke; Li, Taotao
- Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 77, Issue 3