High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio μ p G E / G M at low Q 2

Zhan, X.; Allada, K.; Armstrong, D. S.; Arrington, J.; Bertozzi, W.; Boeglin, W.; Chen, J. -P.; Chirapatpimol, K.; Choi, S.; Chudakov, E.; Cisbani, E.; Decowski, P.; Dutta, C.; Frullani, S.; Fuchey, E.; Garibaldi, F.; Gilad, S.; Gilman, R.; Glister, J.; Hafidi, K.; Hahn, B.; Hansen, J. -O.; Higinbotham, D. W.; Holmstrom, T.; Holt, R. J.; Huang, J.; Huber, G. M.; Itard, F.; de Jager, C. W.; Jiang, X.; Johnson, M.; Katich, J.; de Leo, R.; LeRose, J. J.; Lindgren, R.; Long, E.; Margaziotis, D. J.; May-Tal Beck, S.; Meekins, D.; Michaels, R.; Moffit, B.; Norum, B. E.; Olson, M.; Piasetzky, E.; Pomerantz, I.; Protopopescu, D.; Qian, X.; Qiang, Y.; Rakhman, A.; Ransome, R. D.; Reimer, P. E.; Reinhold, J.; Riordan, S.; Ron, G.; Saha, A.; Sarty, A. J.; Sawatzky, B.; Schulte, E. C.; Shabestari, M.; Shahinyan, A.; Shneor, R.; Širca, S.; Solvignon, P.; Sparveris, N. F.; Strauch, S.; Subedi, R.; Sulkosky, V.; Vilardi, I.; Wang, Y.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Ye, Z.; Zhang, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2011.10.002

Title: High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio $μ_{p} G_{E} / G_{M}$ at low $Q^{2}$

Abstract

Here, we report a new high precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio μpGE/GM for the four-momentum transfer squared Q² = 0.3-0.7 (GeV/c)². The measurement was performed at Jefferson Lab (JLab) in Hall A using recoil polarimetry. With the achieved ~1% total uncertainty, the new data clearly show that the deviation of the ratio μpGE/GM from unity observed in previous polarization measurements at high Q² continues down to the lowest Q² value of this measurement. The updated global fit that includes the new results yields in this Q² range an electric (magnetic) form factor ~2% smaller (~1% larger) than the previous global fit. We obtain new extractions of the proton electric and magnetic radii, which are (r_E²)^1/2 = 0.875 ± 0.010 fm and (r_M²)^1/2 = 0.867 ± 0.020 fm. Moreover, the charge radius is consistent with other recent extractions based on the electron-proton interaction, including the atomic hydrogen Lamb shift measruements, which suggests a missing correction in the comparison of measurements of the proton charge radius using electron probes and the recent extraction from the muonic hydrogen Lamb shift.

Authors:: Zhan, X.; Allada, K.; Armstrong, D. S.; Arrington, J.; Bertozzi, W.; Boeglin, W.; Chen, J. -P.; Chirapatpimol, K.; Choi, S.; Chudakov, E.; Cisbani, E.; Decowski, P.; Dutta, C.; Frullani, S.; Fuchey, E.; Garibaldi, F.; Gilad, S.; Gilman, R.; Glister, J.; Hafidi, K. more »« less

Publication Date:: Tue Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011

Research Org.:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1617508

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1028726

Report Number(s):: JLAB-PHY-11-1311; DOE/OR/23177-1470; arXiv:1102.0318
Journal ID: ISSN 0370-2693; S0370269311012342; PII: S0370269311012342

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physics Letters B

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physics Letters B Journal Volume: 705 Journal Issue: 1-2; Journal ID: ISSN 0370-2693

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: Netherlands

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    Zhan, X., Allada, K., Armstrong, D. S., Arrington, J., Bertozzi, W., Boeglin, W., Chen, J. -P., Chirapatpimol, K., Choi, S., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Decowski, P., Dutta, C., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Glister, J., Hafidi, K., Hahn, B., Hansen, J. -O., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Holt, R. J., Huang, J., Huber, G. M., Itard, F., de Jager, C. W., Jiang, X., Johnson, M., Katich, J., de Leo, R., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Margaziotis, D. J., May-Tal Beck, S., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Norum, B. E., Olson, M., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Protopopescu, D., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Rakhman, A., Ransome, R. D., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Saha, A., Sarty, A. J., Sawatzky, B., Schulte, E. C., Shabestari, M., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., Širca, S., Solvignon, P., Sparveris, N. F., Strauch, S., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Vilardi, I., Wang, Y., Wojtsekhowski, B., Ye, Z., and Zhang, Y. High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio μ p G E / G M at low Q 2.  Netherlands: N. p., 2011. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2011.10.002.

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                    Zhan, X., Allada, K., Armstrong, D. S., Arrington, J., Bertozzi, W., Boeglin, W., Chen, J. -P., Chirapatpimol, K., Choi, S., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Decowski, P., Dutta, C., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Glister, J., Hafidi, K., Hahn, B., Hansen, J. -O., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Holt, R. J., Huang, J., Huber, G. M., Itard, F., de Jager, C. W., Jiang, X., Johnson, M., Katich, J., de Leo, R., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Margaziotis, D. J., May-Tal Beck, S., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Norum, B. E., Olson, M., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Protopopescu, D., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Rakhman, A., Ransome, R. D., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Saha, A., Sarty, A. J., Sawatzky, B., Schulte, E. C., Shabestari, M., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., Širca, S., Solvignon, P., Sparveris, N. F., Strauch, S., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Vilardi, I., Wang, Y., Wojtsekhowski, B., Ye, Z., & Zhang, Y. High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio μ p G E / G M at low Q 2.  Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2011.10.002

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                    Zhan, X., Allada, K., Armstrong, D. S., Arrington, J., Bertozzi, W., Boeglin, W., Chen, J. -P., Chirapatpimol, K., Choi, S., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Decowski, P., Dutta, C., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Glister, J., Hafidi, K., Hahn, B., Hansen, J. -O., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Holt, R. J., Huang, J., Huber, G. M., Itard, F., de Jager, C. W., Jiang, X., Johnson, M., Katich, J., de Leo, R., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Margaziotis, D. J., May-Tal Beck, S., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Norum, B. E., Olson, M., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Protopopescu, D., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Rakhman, A., Ransome, R. D., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Saha, A., Sarty, A. J., Sawatzky, B., Schulte, E. C., Shabestari, M., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., Širca, S., Solvignon, P., Sparveris, N. F., Strauch, S., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Vilardi, I., Wang, Y., Wojtsekhowski, B., Ye, Z., and Zhang, Y. Tue .  
"High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio μ p G E / G M at low Q 2".  Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2011.10.002.

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@article{osti_1617508,

  title        = {High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio μ p G E / G M at low Q 2},

  author       = {Zhan, X. and Allada, K. and Armstrong, D. S. and Arrington, J. and Bertozzi, W. and Boeglin, W. and Chen, J. -P. and Chirapatpimol, K. and Choi, S. and Chudakov, E. and Cisbani, E. and Decowski, P. and Dutta, C. and Frullani, S. and Fuchey, E. and Garibaldi, F. and Gilad, S. and Gilman, R. and Glister, J. and Hafidi, K. and Hahn, B. and Hansen, J. -O. and Higinbotham, D. W. and Holmstrom, T. and Holt, R. J. and Huang, J. and Huber, G. M. and Itard, F. and de Jager, C. W. and Jiang, X. and Johnson, M. and Katich, J. and de Leo, R. and LeRose, J. J. and Lindgren, R. and Long, E. and Margaziotis, D. J. and May-Tal Beck, S. and Meekins, D. and Michaels, R. and Moffit, B. and Norum, B. E. and Olson, M. and Piasetzky, E. and Pomerantz, I. and Protopopescu, D. and Qian, X. and Qiang, Y. and Rakhman, A. and Ransome, R. D. and Reimer, P. E. and Reinhold, J. and Riordan, S. and Ron, G. and Saha, A. and Sarty, A. J. and Sawatzky, B. and Schulte, E. C. and Shabestari, M. and Shahinyan, A. and Shneor, R. and Širca, S. and Solvignon, P. and Sparveris, N. F. and Strauch, S. and Subedi, R. and Sulkosky, V. and Vilardi, I. and Wang, Y. and Wojtsekhowski, B. and Ye, Z. and Zhang, Y.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we report a new high precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio μpGE/GM for the four-momentum transfer squared Q2 = 0.3-0.7 (GeV/c)2. The measurement was performed at Jefferson Lab (JLab) in Hall A using recoil polarimetry. With the achieved ~1% total uncertainty, the new data clearly show that the deviation of the ratio μpGE/GM from unity observed in previous polarization measurements at high Q2 continues down to the lowest Q2 value of this measurement. The updated global fit that includes the new results yields in this Q2 range an electric (magnetic) form factor ~2% smaller (~1% larger) than the previous global fit. We obtain new extractions of the proton electric and magnetic radii, which are (rE2)1/2 = 0.875 ± 0.010 fm and (rM2)1/2 = 0.867 ± 0.020 fm. Moreover, the charge radius is consistent with other recent extractions based on the electron-proton interaction, including the atomic hydrogen Lamb shift measruements, which suggests a missing correction in the comparison of measurements of the proton charge radius using electron probes and the recent extraction from the muonic hydrogen Lamb shift.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.physletb.2011.10.002},

  journal      = {Physics Letters B},

  number       = 1-2,

  volume       = 705,

  place        = {Netherlands},

  year         = {Tue Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011},

  month        = {Tue Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011}

}

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Title: High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio μ p G E / G M at low Q 2

Abstract

Citation Formats

Comment on “High-Precision Determination of the Electric and Magnetic Form Factors of the Proton” journal, September 2011

Measurement of G E p / G M p in e → p → e p → to Q 2 = 5.6 GeV 2 journal, February 2002

Two-Photon Exchange and Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering journal, October 2003

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors journal, May 2007

Measurements of the Proton Elastic-Form-Factor Ratio μ p G E p / G M p at Low Momentum Transfer journal, November 2007

Bernauer et al. Reply: journal, September 2011

Polarization transfer in the 4HeH reaction journal, February 2001

Polarization Transfer in the He 4 ( e → , e ′ p → ) H 3 Reaction at Q 2 = 0.8 and 1.3 ( GeV / c ) 2 journal, August 2010

Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to Q 2 = 8.5 GeV 2 journal, June 2010

Q 2 independence of QF 2 / F 1 , Poincaré invariance, and the nonconservation of helicity journal, June 2002

High-Precision Determination of the Electric and Magnetic Form Factors of the Proton journal, December 2010

Nucleon Form Factors – A Jefferson Lab Perspective journal, May 2011

Publisher's Note: Proton elastic form factor ratios to Q 2 = 3.5 GeV 2 by polarization transfer [Phys. Rev. C 71, 055202 (2005)] journal, June 2005

Global analysis of nucleon strange form factors at low Q 2 journal, August 2007

The size of the proton journal, July 2010

Proton radius, Darwin-Foldy term and radiative corrections journal, November 2010

A coherent interpretation of the form factors of the nucleon in terms of a pion cloud and constituent quarks journal, August 2003

Dispersion analysis of the nucleon form factors including meson continua journal, March 2007

Chiral dynamics of baryons in a Lorentz covariant quark model journal, June 2006

The Coulomb Scattering of Relativistic Electrons by Nuclei journal, December 1948

How to Reconcile the Rosenbluth and the Polarization Transfer Methods in the Measurement of the Proton Form Factors journal, October 2003

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors journal, October 2007

Precision Rosenbluth Measurement of the Proton Elastic Form Factors journal, April 2005

Measurement of the Proton’s Electric to Magnetic Form Factor Ratio from H → 1 ( e → , e ′ p ) journal, January 2007

Toward a resolution of the proton size puzzle journal, August 2011

Extracting Nucleon Strange and Anapole Form Factors from World Data journal, September 2006

Basic instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson Lab journal, April 2004

Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections journal, September 2007

CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2006 journal, June 2008

Timelike and spacelike nucleon electromagnetic form factors beyond relativistic constituent quark models journal, January 2009

Comparison of Polarization Observables in Electron Scattering from the Proton and Deuteron journal, January 1998

Partonic Calculation of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering at Large Momentum Transfer journal, September 2004

Proton polarimeter calibration between 82 and 217MeV journal, July 2009

On the rms-radius of the proton journal, December 2003

Measurements of the elastic electromagnetic form factor ratio μ p G Ep / G Mp via polarization transfer journal, August 2001

Proton elastic form factor ratios to Q 2 = 3.5 GeV 2 by polarization transfer journal, May 2005

Measurement of GEp/GMp via polarization transfer at Q2 = 0.4 GeV /c2 journal, September 2001

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering journal, October 2011

A set of efficient estimators for polarization measurements journal, December 1979

Title: High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio $μ_{p} G_{E} / G_{M}$ at low $Q^{2}$

Comment on “High-Precision Determination of the Electric and Magnetic Form Factors of the Proton”
journal, September 2011

Measurement of $G_{E_{p}} / G_{M_{p}}$ in $\vec{e} p \to e \vec{p}$ to $Q^{2} = 5.6 {GeV}^{2}$
journal, February 2002

Two-Photon Exchange and Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, October 2003

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors
journal, May 2007

Measurements of the Proton Elastic-Form-Factor Ratio $μ_{p} G_{E}^{p} / G_{M}^{p}$ at Low Momentum Transfer
journal, November 2007

Bernauer et al. Reply:
journal, September 2011

Polarization transfer in the 4HeH reaction
journal, February 2001

Polarization Transfer in the ${}^{4}{He} (\vec{e}, e^{'} \vec{p}) {}^{3}H$ Reaction at $Q^{2} = 0.8$ and $1.3 (GeV / c)^{2}$
journal, August 2010

Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to $Q^{2} = 8.5 {GeV}^{2}$
journal, June 2010

$Q^{2}$ independence of ${QF}_{2} {/ F}_{1},$ Poincaré invariance, and the nonconservation of helicity
journal, June 2002

High-Precision Determination of the Electric and Magnetic Form Factors of the Proton
journal, December 2010

Nucleon Form Factors – A Jefferson Lab Perspective
journal, May 2011

Publisher's Note: Proton elastic form factor ratios to $Q^{2} = 3.5 {GeV}^{2}$ by polarization transfer [Phys. Rev. C 71, 055202 (2005)]
journal, June 2005

Global analysis of nucleon strange form factors at low $Q^{2}$
journal, August 2007

The size of the proton
journal, July 2010

Proton radius, Darwin-Foldy term and radiative corrections
journal, November 2010

A coherent interpretation of the form factors of the nucleon in terms of a pion cloud and constituent quarks
journal, August 2003

Dispersion analysis of the nucleon form factors including meson continua
journal, March 2007

Chiral dynamics of baryons in a Lorentz covariant quark model
journal, June 2006

The Coulomb Scattering of Relativistic Electrons by Nuclei
journal, December 1948

How to Reconcile the Rosenbluth and the Polarization Transfer Methods in the Measurement of the Proton Form Factors
journal, October 2003

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors
journal, October 2007

Precision Rosenbluth Measurement of the Proton Elastic Form Factors
journal, April 2005

Measurement of the Proton’s Electric to Magnetic Form Factor Ratio from ${}^{1}{\vec{H}} (\vec{e}, e^{'} p)$
journal, January 2007

Toward a resolution of the proton size puzzle
journal, August 2011

Extracting Nucleon Strange and Anapole Form Factors from World Data
journal, September 2006

Basic instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson Lab
journal, April 2004

Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections
journal, September 2007

CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2006
journal, June 2008

Timelike and spacelike nucleon electromagnetic form factors beyond relativistic constituent quark models
journal, January 2009

Comparison of Polarization Observables in Electron Scattering from the Proton and Deuteron
journal, January 1998

Partonic Calculation of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering at Large Momentum Transfer
journal, September 2004

Proton polarimeter calibration between 82 and 217MeV
journal, July 2009

On the rms-radius of the proton
journal, December 2003

Measurements of the elastic electromagnetic form factor ratio $μ_{p} G_{Ep} {/ G}_{Mp}$ via polarization transfer
journal, August 2001

Proton elastic form factor ratios to $Q^{2} = 3.5 GeV^{2}$ by polarization transfer
journal, May 2005

Measurement of GEp/GMp via polarization transfer at Q2 = 0.4 GeV /c2
journal, September 2001

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering
journal, October 2011

A set of efficient estimators for polarization measurements
journal, December 1979