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RADIATION EFFECTS ON CELL RENEWAL AND RELATED SYSTEMS ( PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, VOL. 43, NO 3, JULY 1963 ) ( PARTIAL DOCUMENT )

PATT, H M [CENTER FOR HUMAN RADIOBIOLOGY]; QUASTLER, H

HREX

Location - DOE/NNSA NUCLEAR TESTING ARCHIVE Address - P.O. Box 98521 City - Las Vegas State - NV Zip - 89193-8521 Phone - (702)794-5106 Fax - (702)862-4240 Email - NTA@NV.DOE.GOV

JOURNAL ARTICLE

1963 Jul 31

Never classified

0041

NV0702321

1994 Aug 27

2017 Dec 21

THIS PAPER ATTEMPTS TO ANALYZE THE MECHANISM OF A WELL-DEFINED SYNDROME THAT ARISES IN CERTAIN CELL SYSTEMS AFTER A SINGLE DOSE OF IONIZING RADIATION. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT THE ACUTE SYSTEMIC REACTIONS TO X-IRRADIATION COMPRISE SEVERAL DEFINED SYNDROMES, ONE OF WHICH IS RELATED TO IRRADIATION OF THE INTESTINE. THE RATE OF RENEWAL IS HIGHEST IN THE SMALL INTESTINE; IF A LARGE ENOUGH DOSE OF RADIATION IS DELIVERED, THIS REGION SHOWS LOSS OF CELLS BEFORE ANY OTHER. THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE IRRADIATION OF 2 KRAD OR MORE WITHIN THE FIRST HOUR ARE: ENTRANCE INTO MITOSIS BLOCKED; UPTAKE OF TRACER INTO DNA IS REDUCED BY ABOUT ONE-HALF; UV ABSORPTION AT 263 MU IS INCREASED IN THE CYTOPLASM AND DECREASED IN THE NUCLEI. DURING THE SECOND HOUR, PYKNOTIC CELLS AND DEBRIS FROM DEAD CELLS BECOME PROMINENT. AFTER THE FIRST DAY OF IRRADIATION AND LATER, PYKNOTIC AND DEAD CELLS ARE SEEN INFREQUENTLY. A MAJORITY OF CELLS KILLED BY IRRADIATION ARE CRYPT CELLS AND NOT VILLUS CELLS. DURING THE SECOND OR THIRD DAY AFTER IRRADIATION, THE FEW CELLS REMAINING IN THE CRYPTS ARE LARGE, PLEOMORPHIC, AND POORLY ORGANIZED. THEIR NUCLEI DO NOT SHOW THE NORMAL ORIENTATION, THEIR CYTOPLASMIC STRUCTURES ARE DEFICIENT IN NUMBER, SMALL, AND OF ABNORMAL SHAPE. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IS REDUCED, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REDUCED NUMBER OR RIBOSOMES. THESE CELLS FORM A COHERENT SHEET LINING THE INTESTINAL LUMEN, BUT IT IS A SHEET THAT IS MORPHOLOGICALLY ABNORMAL AND FUNCTIONALLY DEFICIENT. BONE MARROW DEPLETION IS RELATED TO AN IMPORTANT MODE OF DEATH FOLLOWING WHOLE- BODY IRRADIATION. IN GENERAL, "BONE MARROW DEATH" OCCURS WITH LOWER DOSES THAN ANY OTHER MODE OF RADIATION DEATH.