Abstract
Coal has in more decades been the backbone of the Danish energy production. As a consequence of a political wish to utilize domestic fuel and reduce the massive use of coal and the CO{sub 2} emission, straw has since 1989 been used in Denmark at small-scale combined heat and power plants. All straw-fired combined heat and power plants in Denmark are owned by the power stations. Furthermore some district heating plants owned by the municipalities, consumers or privately owned, also use straw as a fuel, as in the middle of the eighties it was prohibited to use coal as fuel in district heating plants. Different rules of subsidies and duties made natural gas or biomass the most competitive fuel for the district heating plants. For various other reasons there are also some oil-fired district heating plants in operation. Today five straw-fired combined heat and power plants in Denmark are in commercial operation. Three of these plants exclusively use straw as a fuel, one uses both straw, wood chips and natural gas, and one straw and coal. These five combined heat and power plants, having a total annual consumption of straw of approx. 200 000 tonnes, supply district heating to five
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Poulsen, J S
[1]
- SK Power, Ballerup (Denmark)
Citation Formats
Poulsen, J S.
Use and co-combustion of straw in Denmark.
Finland: N. p.,
1996.
Web.
Poulsen, J S.
Use and co-combustion of straw in Denmark.
Finland.
Poulsen, J S.
1996.
"Use and co-combustion of straw in Denmark."
Finland.
@misc{etde_570555,
title = {Use and co-combustion of straw in Denmark}
author = {Poulsen, J S}
abstractNote = {Coal has in more decades been the backbone of the Danish energy production. As a consequence of a political wish to utilize domestic fuel and reduce the massive use of coal and the CO{sub 2} emission, straw has since 1989 been used in Denmark at small-scale combined heat and power plants. All straw-fired combined heat and power plants in Denmark are owned by the power stations. Furthermore some district heating plants owned by the municipalities, consumers or privately owned, also use straw as a fuel, as in the middle of the eighties it was prohibited to use coal as fuel in district heating plants. Different rules of subsidies and duties made natural gas or biomass the most competitive fuel for the district heating plants. For various other reasons there are also some oil-fired district heating plants in operation. Today five straw-fired combined heat and power plants in Denmark are in commercial operation. Three of these plants exclusively use straw as a fuel, one uses both straw, wood chips and natural gas, and one straw and coal. These five combined heat and power plants, having a total annual consumption of straw of approx. 200 000 tonnes, supply district heating to five medium-sized towns. On 14 June 1993 an agreement was made in the Danish Parliament ordering the power stations to reach an annual volume input of 1.2 mill. tonnes of straw and 0.2 mill. tonnes of wood chips in year 2000. Therefore two new plants are under construction and co-combustion with straw is being installed at an existing coal-fired power station. In addition, two large plants are under consideration. With the two plants under construction and with the co-combustion plant, the straw consumption is expected to increase to 430 000 tons of straw per year. These two plants will start operations in 1995 and 1997 respectively. All the operating straw-fired combined heat and power stations show an economic loss. Besides the price of fuel, this is due to the efficiency of the plants, which with a steam temperature of approx. 430 deg C is not sufficiently high. In order to make the straw-fired combined heat and power stations profitable the efficiency and the steam temperature must be increased. The low steam temperature is due to the fact that straw is a particularly corrosive fuel. Straw contains very little sulphur, but in return so much chlorine that it is one of the most aggressive fuels. At straw firing, steam temperatures above approx. 450 deg C have so far given unverifiable corrosion damage to the superheaters. In the two plants under construction the steam temperature is increased in two principally different ways. One plant is described in details. (orig.)}
place = {Finland}
year = {1996}
month = {Dec}
}
title = {Use and co-combustion of straw in Denmark}
author = {Poulsen, J S}
abstractNote = {Coal has in more decades been the backbone of the Danish energy production. As a consequence of a political wish to utilize domestic fuel and reduce the massive use of coal and the CO{sub 2} emission, straw has since 1989 been used in Denmark at small-scale combined heat and power plants. All straw-fired combined heat and power plants in Denmark are owned by the power stations. Furthermore some district heating plants owned by the municipalities, consumers or privately owned, also use straw as a fuel, as in the middle of the eighties it was prohibited to use coal as fuel in district heating plants. Different rules of subsidies and duties made natural gas or biomass the most competitive fuel for the district heating plants. For various other reasons there are also some oil-fired district heating plants in operation. Today five straw-fired combined heat and power plants in Denmark are in commercial operation. Three of these plants exclusively use straw as a fuel, one uses both straw, wood chips and natural gas, and one straw and coal. These five combined heat and power plants, having a total annual consumption of straw of approx. 200 000 tonnes, supply district heating to five medium-sized towns. On 14 June 1993 an agreement was made in the Danish Parliament ordering the power stations to reach an annual volume input of 1.2 mill. tonnes of straw and 0.2 mill. tonnes of wood chips in year 2000. Therefore two new plants are under construction and co-combustion with straw is being installed at an existing coal-fired power station. In addition, two large plants are under consideration. With the two plants under construction and with the co-combustion plant, the straw consumption is expected to increase to 430 000 tons of straw per year. These two plants will start operations in 1995 and 1997 respectively. All the operating straw-fired combined heat and power stations show an economic loss. Besides the price of fuel, this is due to the efficiency of the plants, which with a steam temperature of approx. 430 deg C is not sufficiently high. In order to make the straw-fired combined heat and power stations profitable the efficiency and the steam temperature must be increased. The low steam temperature is due to the fact that straw is a particularly corrosive fuel. Straw contains very little sulphur, but in return so much chlorine that it is one of the most aggressive fuels. At straw firing, steam temperatures above approx. 450 deg C have so far given unverifiable corrosion damage to the superheaters. In the two plants under construction the steam temperature is increased in two principally different ways. One plant is described in details. (orig.)}
place = {Finland}
year = {1996}
month = {Dec}
}