Abstract
The Netherlands have realised long ago that problems like acidification cannot solely be solved nationally. This is why the Netherlands are very active both in the UN/ECE and in the European Union to come to coordinated measures. In the Netherlands acid deposition and nitrogen deposition and ground-level ozone are integrated in the acidification policy for about ten years. For these problems environmental quality objectives have been formulated together with emission targets for the four substances (SO2, NOx, NH3, and VOC) causing these problems. The UN/ECE is developing a Multi-effect/Multi-pollutant (M and M) protocol with emission ceilings for all its Member States. These ceilings for the same four substances are based on integrated assessment modelling with the RAINS model of IIASA to as much as possible and cost-effectively move towards sustainable (`critical`) levels and loads. The M and M protocol will be finalised in September and signed by ministers in December this year. The EU NEC (National Emission Ceilings) directive follows the same lines as the UN/ECE but than only for the EU countries. Since the Commission has resigned last March the directive`s first reading in the Environmental Council and European Parliament is postponed to at least the second part of
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Sliggers, C J
[1]
- Directie Lucht en Energie, Directoraat-Generaal Milieubeheer, Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieu VROM, The Hague (Netherlands)
Citation Formats
Sliggers, C J.
Europe and acidification. Action and reaction; Europa en het thema verzuring. Aktie en reaktie.
Netherlands: N. p.,
1999.
Web.
Sliggers, C J.
Europe and acidification. Action and reaction; Europa en het thema verzuring. Aktie en reaktie.
Netherlands.
Sliggers, C J.
1999.
"Europe and acidification. Action and reaction; Europa en het thema verzuring. Aktie en reaktie."
Netherlands.
@misc{etde_353073,
title = {Europe and acidification. Action and reaction; Europa en het thema verzuring. Aktie en reaktie}
author = {Sliggers, C J}
abstractNote = {The Netherlands have realised long ago that problems like acidification cannot solely be solved nationally. This is why the Netherlands are very active both in the UN/ECE and in the European Union to come to coordinated measures. In the Netherlands acid deposition and nitrogen deposition and ground-level ozone are integrated in the acidification policy for about ten years. For these problems environmental quality objectives have been formulated together with emission targets for the four substances (SO2, NOx, NH3, and VOC) causing these problems. The UN/ECE is developing a Multi-effect/Multi-pollutant (M and M) protocol with emission ceilings for all its Member States. These ceilings for the same four substances are based on integrated assessment modelling with the RAINS model of IIASA to as much as possible and cost-effectively move towards sustainable (`critical`) levels and loads. The M and M protocol will be finalised in September and signed by ministers in December this year. The EU NEC (National Emission Ceilings) directive follows the same lines as the UN/ECE but than only for the EU countries. Since the Commission has resigned last March the directive`s first reading in the Environmental Council and European Parliament is postponed to at least the second part of this year. Currently, the Dutch objectives and targets for the coming 20 years are being evaluated. This evaluation will be completed in 2001. 2 refs.}
journal = []
issue = {2}
volume = {16}
journal type = {AC}
place = {Netherlands}
year = {1999}
month = {Jun}
}
title = {Europe and acidification. Action and reaction; Europa en het thema verzuring. Aktie en reaktie}
author = {Sliggers, C J}
abstractNote = {The Netherlands have realised long ago that problems like acidification cannot solely be solved nationally. This is why the Netherlands are very active both in the UN/ECE and in the European Union to come to coordinated measures. In the Netherlands acid deposition and nitrogen deposition and ground-level ozone are integrated in the acidification policy for about ten years. For these problems environmental quality objectives have been formulated together with emission targets for the four substances (SO2, NOx, NH3, and VOC) causing these problems. The UN/ECE is developing a Multi-effect/Multi-pollutant (M and M) protocol with emission ceilings for all its Member States. These ceilings for the same four substances are based on integrated assessment modelling with the RAINS model of IIASA to as much as possible and cost-effectively move towards sustainable (`critical`) levels and loads. The M and M protocol will be finalised in September and signed by ministers in December this year. The EU NEC (National Emission Ceilings) directive follows the same lines as the UN/ECE but than only for the EU countries. Since the Commission has resigned last March the directive`s first reading in the Environmental Council and European Parliament is postponed to at least the second part of this year. Currently, the Dutch objectives and targets for the coming 20 years are being evaluated. This evaluation will be completed in 2001. 2 refs.}
journal = []
issue = {2}
volume = {16}
journal type = {AC}
place = {Netherlands}
year = {1999}
month = {Jun}
}