Abstract
Most ice resurfacing machines used in indoor ice arenas have internal combustion engines. They use either propane or petrol as fuel. The main exhaust pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and fine particles. In general, propane engines emit more NO{sub x} than petrol engines, but their CO emissions are smaller. The levels of these pollutants in indoor air depend on total amount of emissions volume of arena and effectiveness of ventilation. However, due to large variations in engine emissions the air quality in any single arena cannot be estimated without direct measurements. High levels of CO and nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}) have been measured in indoor ice arenas of North America since 1960`s, and it is only recently that high NO{sub 2} levels have been measured also in Sweden. In health studies, attention has been paid mostly to epidemic acute poisonings among ice hockey players and spectators caused by large concentrations of CO. However, some cases of acute NO{sub 2} poisonings have also been described. The aims of this project are: (1) to examine the air quality in Finnish indoor ice arenas, (2) to study associations between the air quality and the major
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Salonen, R O;
Pennanen, A S;
Alm, S;
Randell, J T;
Haelinen, A I;
Husman, T;
Jantunen, M J;
[1]
Eklund, T;
[2]
Lee, Kiyoung;
Spengler, J D
[3]
- National Public Health Inst., Kuopio (Finland). Div. of Environmental Health
- Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo (Finland)
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston (United States). Dept. of Environmental Health
Citation Formats
Salonen, R O, Pennanen, A S, Alm, S, Randell, J T, Haelinen, A I, Husman, T, Jantunen, M J, Eklund, T, Lee, Kiyoung, and Spengler, J D.
A multidisciplinary approach to the air quality and health problems in indoor arenas.
Finland: N. p.,
1995.
Web.
Salonen, R O, Pennanen, A S, Alm, S, Randell, J T, Haelinen, A I, Husman, T, Jantunen, M J, Eklund, T, Lee, Kiyoung, & Spengler, J D.
A multidisciplinary approach to the air quality and health problems in indoor arenas.
Finland.
Salonen, R O, Pennanen, A S, Alm, S, Randell, J T, Haelinen, A I, Husman, T, Jantunen, M J, Eklund, T, Lee, Kiyoung, and Spengler, J D.
1995.
"A multidisciplinary approach to the air quality and health problems in indoor arenas."
Finland.
@misc{etde_283553,
title = {A multidisciplinary approach to the air quality and health problems in indoor arenas}
author = {Salonen, R O, Pennanen, A S, Alm, S, Randell, J T, Haelinen, A I, Husman, T, Jantunen, M J, Eklund, T, Lee, Kiyoung, and Spengler, J D}
abstractNote = {Most ice resurfacing machines used in indoor ice arenas have internal combustion engines. They use either propane or petrol as fuel. The main exhaust pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and fine particles. In general, propane engines emit more NO{sub x} than petrol engines, but their CO emissions are smaller. The levels of these pollutants in indoor air depend on total amount of emissions volume of arena and effectiveness of ventilation. However, due to large variations in engine emissions the air quality in any single arena cannot be estimated without direct measurements. High levels of CO and nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}) have been measured in indoor ice arenas of North America since 1960`s, and it is only recently that high NO{sub 2} levels have been measured also in Sweden. In health studies, attention has been paid mostly to epidemic acute poisonings among ice hockey players and spectators caused by large concentrations of CO. However, some cases of acute NO{sub 2} poisonings have also been described. The aims of this project are: (1) to examine the air quality in Finnish indoor ice arenas, (2) to study associations between the air quality and the major technical features of the arenas, (3) to assess personal exposures of ice hockey players, spectators and maintenance personnel to CO and NO{sub 2}, (4) to investigate short-term and longer-term health effects of CO and NO{sub 2} exposures on ice hockey players and maintenance personnel, (5) to inform the managers of ice arenas and the health authorities on the current air quality problems and health risks in Finnish indoor ice arenas. (author)}
place = {Finland}
year = {1995}
month = {Dec}
}
title = {A multidisciplinary approach to the air quality and health problems in indoor arenas}
author = {Salonen, R O, Pennanen, A S, Alm, S, Randell, J T, Haelinen, A I, Husman, T, Jantunen, M J, Eklund, T, Lee, Kiyoung, and Spengler, J D}
abstractNote = {Most ice resurfacing machines used in indoor ice arenas have internal combustion engines. They use either propane or petrol as fuel. The main exhaust pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and fine particles. In general, propane engines emit more NO{sub x} than petrol engines, but their CO emissions are smaller. The levels of these pollutants in indoor air depend on total amount of emissions volume of arena and effectiveness of ventilation. However, due to large variations in engine emissions the air quality in any single arena cannot be estimated without direct measurements. High levels of CO and nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}) have been measured in indoor ice arenas of North America since 1960`s, and it is only recently that high NO{sub 2} levels have been measured also in Sweden. In health studies, attention has been paid mostly to epidemic acute poisonings among ice hockey players and spectators caused by large concentrations of CO. However, some cases of acute NO{sub 2} poisonings have also been described. The aims of this project are: (1) to examine the air quality in Finnish indoor ice arenas, (2) to study associations between the air quality and the major technical features of the arenas, (3) to assess personal exposures of ice hockey players, spectators and maintenance personnel to CO and NO{sub 2}, (4) to investigate short-term and longer-term health effects of CO and NO{sub 2} exposures on ice hockey players and maintenance personnel, (5) to inform the managers of ice arenas and the health authorities on the current air quality problems and health risks in Finnish indoor ice arenas. (author)}
place = {Finland}
year = {1995}
month = {Dec}
}