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The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars science laboratory (MSL) rover: Science objectives and mast unit description

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Abstract

ChemCam is a remote sensing instrument suite on board the 'Curiosity' rover (NASA) that uses Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to provide the elemental composition of soils and rocks at the surface of Mars from a distance of 1.3 to 7 m, and a telescopic imager to return high resolution context and micro-images at distances greater than 1.16 m. We describe five analytical capabilities: rock classification, quantitative composition, depth profiling, context imaging, and passive spectroscopy. They serve as a toolbox to address most of the science questions at Gale crater. ChemCam consists of a Mast-Unit (laser, telescope, camera, and electronics) and a Body-Unit (spectrometers, digital processing unit, and optical de-multiplexer), which are connected by an optical fiber and an electrical interface. We then report on the development, integration, and testing of the Mast-Unit, and summarize some key characteristics of ChemCam. This confirmed that nominal or better than nominal performances were achieved for critical parameters, in particular power density (≥ 1 GW/cm{sup 2}). The analysis spot diameter varies from 350 μm at 2 m to 550 μm at 7 m distance. For remote imaging, the camera field of view is 20 mrad for 1024*1024 pixels. Field tests demonstrated that the resolution (∼  More>>
Authors:
Maurice, S.; Gasnault, O.; Forni, O.; Baratoux, D.; Berger, G.; Cousin, A.; Cros, A.; Dupieux, M.; D'Uston, L.; Gharsa, T.; Lasue, J.; Meslin, P. Y.; Orttner, G.; Pares, L.; Parot, Y.; Pinet, P.; Salle, B.; Seran, H.; Thocaven, J. J.; Toplis, M. J.; [1]  Wiens, R. C.; Barraclough, B.; Bender, S.; Bernardin, J.; Clegg, S.; Dingler, B.; Lasue, J.; Stiglich, R.; Vaniman, D.; [2]  Saccoccio, M.; Faure, B.; Gaboriaud, A.; Michel, Y.; Paillet, A.; Perez, R.; [3]  Mangold, N.; Le Mouelic, S.; Sotin, C.; [4]  Berthe, M.; Langevin, Y.; [5]  Berthe, M.; Langevin, Y.; [6]  Bridges, N.; [7]  Blaney, D.; DeFlores, L.; Kan, E.; Limonadi, D.; Miller, E.; Sotin, C.; Simmonds, J. J.; [8]  Bouye, M.; Dubois, B.; Kouach, D.; Striebig, N.; [9]  Cais, P.; Quertier, B.; [10]  Clark, B.; [11]  Cremers, D.; [12]  Derycke, C.; Durand, E.; [13]  Dromart, G.; [14]  Fabre, C.; [15]  Herkenhoff, K.; [16]  Kirkland, L.; [17]  Lacour, J. L.; Mauchien, P.; Salle, B.; Sirven, J. B.; [18]  Lewin, E.; [19]  Lewin, E.; [20]  Manhes, G.; [21]  McKay, C.; [22]  Newsom, H. E.; [23]  Lescure, M.; [24]  Sautter, V.; [25]  Vaniman, D. [26] 
  1. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys et Planetol, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31062 Toulouse, (France)
  2. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31055 Toulouse, (France)
  4. Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol et Geodynam, Nantes, (France)
  5. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, (France)
  6. CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, (France)
  7. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD (United States)
  8. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA (United States)
  9. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Grp Instrumentat Sci, F-31400 Toulouse, (France)
  10. Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, Floirac, (France)
  11. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO (United States)
  12. Appl Res Associates, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  13. Thales Optron Sa, Elancourt, (France)
  14. Univ Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, ENS Lyon, Lyon, (France)
  15. Univ Lorraine, CNRS, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, (France)
  16. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 (United States)
  17. Lunar and Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 (United States)
  18. CEA, DEN, Dept Phys Chem, Gif Sur Yvette, (France)
  19. Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, (France)
  20. CNRS, Grenoble, (France)
  21. Inst Phys Globe, Paris, (France)
  22. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA (United States)
  23. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 (United States)
  24. CNRS, Lab Anal et Architecture Syst, Toulouse, (France)
  25. Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS, Lab Mineral et Cosmochim, Paris, (France)
  26. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Publication Date:
Sep 15, 2012
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/S11214-012-9912-2
Product Type:
Journal Article
Resource Relation:
Journal Name: Space Science Reviews; Journal Volume: 170; Journal Issue: 1-4; Other Information: Country of input: France; 74 refs.; Country input: France
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; MARS PLANET; POWER DENSITY; QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; REMOTE SENSING; ROCKS; SOILS; SURFACES; TELESCOPES; TEXTURE
OSTI ID:
22265278
Country of Origin:
Netherlands
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
Journal ID: ISSN 0038-6308; TRN: FR1402588086508
Availability:
Available from doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9912-2
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 95-166
Announcement Date:
Sep 26, 2014

Journal Article:

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Citation Formats

Maurice, S., Gasnault, O., Forni, O., Baratoux, D., Berger, G., Cousin, A., Cros, A., Dupieux, M., D'Uston, L., Gharsa, T., Lasue, J., Meslin, P. Y., Orttner, G., Pares, L., Parot, Y., Pinet, P., Salle, B., Seran, H., Thocaven, J. J., Toplis, M. J., Wiens, R. C., Barraclough, B., Bender, S., Bernardin, J., Clegg, S., Dingler, B., Lasue, J., Stiglich, R., Vaniman, D., Saccoccio, M., Faure, B., Gaboriaud, A., Michel, Y., Paillet, A., Perez, R., Mangold, N., Le Mouelic, S., Sotin, C., Berthe, M., Langevin, Y., Berthe, M., Langevin, Y., Bridges, N., Blaney, D., DeFlores, L., Kan, E., Limonadi, D., Miller, E., Sotin, C., Simmonds, J. J., Bouye, M., Dubois, B., Kouach, D., Striebig, N., Cais, P., Quertier, B., Clark, B., Cremers, D., Derycke, C., Durand, E., Dromart, G., Fabre, C., Herkenhoff, K., Kirkland, L., Lacour, J. L., Mauchien, P., Salle, B., Sirven, J. B., Lewin, E., Lewin, E., Manhes, G., McKay, C., Newsom, H. E., Lescure, M., Sautter, V., and Vaniman, D. The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars science laboratory (MSL) rover: Science objectives and mast unit description. Netherlands: N. p., 2012. Web. doi:10.1007/S11214-012-9912-2.
Maurice, S., Gasnault, O., Forni, O., Baratoux, D., Berger, G., Cousin, A., Cros, A., Dupieux, M., D'Uston, L., Gharsa, T., Lasue, J., Meslin, P. Y., Orttner, G., Pares, L., Parot, Y., Pinet, P., Salle, B., Seran, H., Thocaven, J. J., Toplis, M. J., Wiens, R. C., Barraclough, B., Bender, S., Bernardin, J., Clegg, S., Dingler, B., Lasue, J., Stiglich, R., Vaniman, D., Saccoccio, M., Faure, B., Gaboriaud, A., Michel, Y., Paillet, A., Perez, R., Mangold, N., Le Mouelic, S., Sotin, C., Berthe, M., Langevin, Y., Berthe, M., Langevin, Y., Bridges, N., Blaney, D., DeFlores, L., Kan, E., Limonadi, D., Miller, E., Sotin, C., Simmonds, J. J., Bouye, M., Dubois, B., Kouach, D., Striebig, N., Cais, P., Quertier, B., Clark, B., Cremers, D., Derycke, C., Durand, E., Dromart, G., Fabre, C., Herkenhoff, K., Kirkland, L., Lacour, J. L., Mauchien, P., Salle, B., Sirven, J. B., Lewin, E., Lewin, E., Manhes, G., McKay, C., Newsom, H. E., Lescure, M., Sautter, V., & Vaniman, D. The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars science laboratory (MSL) rover: Science objectives and mast unit description. Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11214-012-9912-2
Maurice, S., Gasnault, O., Forni, O., Baratoux, D., Berger, G., Cousin, A., Cros, A., Dupieux, M., D'Uston, L., Gharsa, T., Lasue, J., Meslin, P. Y., Orttner, G., Pares, L., Parot, Y., Pinet, P., Salle, B., Seran, H., Thocaven, J. J., Toplis, M. J., Wiens, R. C., Barraclough, B., Bender, S., Bernardin, J., Clegg, S., Dingler, B., Lasue, J., Stiglich, R., Vaniman, D., Saccoccio, M., Faure, B., Gaboriaud, A., Michel, Y., Paillet, A., Perez, R., Mangold, N., Le Mouelic, S., Sotin, C., Berthe, M., Langevin, Y., Berthe, M., Langevin, Y., Bridges, N., Blaney, D., DeFlores, L., Kan, E., Limonadi, D., Miller, E., Sotin, C., Simmonds, J. J., Bouye, M., Dubois, B., Kouach, D., Striebig, N., Cais, P., Quertier, B., Clark, B., Cremers, D., Derycke, C., Durand, E., Dromart, G., Fabre, C., Herkenhoff, K., Kirkland, L., Lacour, J. L., Mauchien, P., Salle, B., Sirven, J. B., Lewin, E., Lewin, E., Manhes, G., McKay, C., Newsom, H. E., Lescure, M., Sautter, V., and Vaniman, D. 2012. "The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars science laboratory (MSL) rover: Science objectives and mast unit description." Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11214-012-9912-2.
@misc{etde_22265278,
title = {The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars science laboratory (MSL) rover: Science objectives and mast unit description}
 author = {Maurice, S., Gasnault, O., Forni, O., Baratoux, D., Berger, G., Cousin, A., Cros, A., Dupieux, M., D'Uston, L., Gharsa, T., Lasue, J., Meslin, P. Y., Orttner, G., Pares, L., Parot, Y., Pinet, P., Salle, B., Seran, H., Thocaven, J. J., Toplis, M. J., Wiens, R. C., Barraclough, B., Bender, S., Bernardin, J., Clegg, S., Dingler, B., Lasue, J., Stiglich, R., Vaniman, D., Saccoccio, M., Faure, B., Gaboriaud, A., Michel, Y., Paillet, A., Perez, R., Mangold, N., Le Mouelic, S., Sotin, C., Berthe, M., Langevin, Y., Berthe, M., Langevin, Y., Bridges, N., Blaney, D., DeFlores, L., Kan, E., Limonadi, D., Miller, E., Sotin, C., Simmonds, J. J., Bouye, M., Dubois, B., Kouach, D., Striebig, N., Cais, P., Quertier, B., Clark, B., Cremers, D., Derycke, C., Durand, E., Dromart, G., Fabre, C., Herkenhoff, K., Kirkland, L., Lacour, J. L., Mauchien, P., Salle, B., Sirven, J. B., Lewin, E., Lewin, E., Manhes, G., McKay, C., Newsom, H. E., Lescure, M., Sautter, V., and Vaniman, D.}
 abstractNote = {ChemCam is a remote sensing instrument suite on board the 'Curiosity' rover (NASA) that uses Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to provide the elemental composition of soils and rocks at the surface of Mars from a distance of 1.3 to 7 m, and a telescopic imager to return high resolution context and micro-images at distances greater than 1.16 m. We describe five analytical capabilities: rock classification, quantitative composition, depth profiling, context imaging, and passive spectroscopy. They serve as a toolbox to address most of the science questions at Gale crater. ChemCam consists of a Mast-Unit (laser, telescope, camera, and electronics) and a Body-Unit (spectrometers, digital processing unit, and optical de-multiplexer), which are connected by an optical fiber and an electrical interface. We then report on the development, integration, and testing of the Mast-Unit, and summarize some key characteristics of ChemCam. This confirmed that nominal or better than nominal performances were achieved for critical parameters, in particular power density (≥ 1 GW/cm{sup 2}). The analysis spot diameter varies from 350 μm at 2 m to 550 μm at 7 m distance. For remote imaging, the camera field of view is 20 mrad for 1024*1024 pixels. Field tests demonstrated that the resolution (∼ 90 μrad) made it possible to identify laser shots on a wide variety of images. This is sufficient for visualizing laser shot pits and textures of rocks and soils. An auto-exposure capability optimizes the dynamical range of the images. Dedicated hardware and software focus the telescope, with precision that is appropriate for the LIBS and imaging depths-of-field. The light emitted by the plasma is collected and sent to the Body-Unit via a 6 m optical fiber. The companion to this paper (Wiens et al. this issue) reports on the development of the Body-Unit, on the analysis of the emitted light, and on the good match between instrument performance and science specifications. (authors)}
 doi = {10.1007/S11214-012-9912-2}
 journal = []
 issue = {1-4}
 volume = {170}
 journal type = {AC}
 place = {Netherlands}
 year = {2012}
 month = {Sep}
 }