Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the technical and administrative aspects of radioactive waste management in the light of our present experience and knowledge and to relate that discussion to possible future requirements for the adequate engineering, legal and administrative control of radioactive effluents from atomic energy operations. Initially, the various kinds of radioactive wastes are classified in a general way to emphasize that the many-faceted problem of waste management is not susceptible of a single, unique solution. The role of specific environments in waste management practices is briefly summarized and the basic approaches (''dilute and disperse'' and ''concentrate and contain'') to waste control are defined. A distinction is made between basic radiation protection standards and the operating or performance criteria that must be established in connexion with effluent control operations in' order to assure that the basic standards are met. The development of standards and criteria and their application in the promulgation of health and safety regulations and legal and administrative procedures are discussed. In this connexion, the utilization to the maximum practicable extent of existing laws and administrative procedures through existing authorities at various levels of government is suggested as being advantageous from the points of
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Wolman, Abel;
[1]
Division of Reactor Development, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States)];
Lieberman, Joseph A.
[2]
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (United States)
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Branch, Division of Reactor Development, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States)
Citation Formats
Wolman, Abel, Division of Reactor Development, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States)], and Lieberman, Joseph A.
Technical and Administrative Considerations in the Management of Radioactive Wastes; Considerations Techniques et Administratives Relatives au Traitement des Dechets Radioactifs; 0422 0415 0425 041d 0418 0427 0415 0421 041a 0414 ; Aspectos Tecnicos y Administrativos de la Manipulacion de Desechos Radiactivos.
IAEA: N. p.,
1960.
Web.
Wolman, Abel, Division of Reactor Development, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States)], & Lieberman, Joseph A.
Technical and Administrative Considerations in the Management of Radioactive Wastes; Considerations Techniques et Administratives Relatives au Traitement des Dechets Radioactifs; 0422 0415 0425 041d 0418 0427 0415 0421 041a 0414 ; Aspectos Tecnicos y Administrativos de la Manipulacion de Desechos Radiactivos.
IAEA.
Wolman, Abel, Division of Reactor Development, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States)], and Lieberman, Joseph A.
1960.
"Technical and Administrative Considerations in the Management of Radioactive Wastes; Considerations Techniques et Administratives Relatives au Traitement des Dechets Radioactifs; 0422 0415 0425 041d 0418 0427 0415 0421 041a 0414 ; Aspectos Tecnicos y Administrativos de la Manipulacion de Desechos Radiactivos."
IAEA.
@misc{etde_22192392,
title = {Technical and Administrative Considerations in the Management of Radioactive Wastes; Considerations Techniques et Administratives Relatives au Traitement des Dechets Radioactifs; 0422 0415 0425 041d 0418 0427 0415 0421 041a 0414 ; Aspectos Tecnicos y Administrativos de la Manipulacion de Desechos Radiactivos}
author = {Wolman, Abel, Division of Reactor Development, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States)], and Lieberman, Joseph A.}
abstractNote = {The purpose of this paper is to discuss the technical and administrative aspects of radioactive waste management in the light of our present experience and knowledge and to relate that discussion to possible future requirements for the adequate engineering, legal and administrative control of radioactive effluents from atomic energy operations. Initially, the various kinds of radioactive wastes are classified in a general way to emphasize that the many-faceted problem of waste management is not susceptible of a single, unique solution. The role of specific environments in waste management practices is briefly summarized and the basic approaches (''dilute and disperse'' and ''concentrate and contain'') to waste control are defined. A distinction is made between basic radiation protection standards and the operating or performance criteria that must be established in connexion with effluent control operations in' order to assure that the basic standards are met. The development of standards and criteria and their application in the promulgation of health and safety regulations and legal and administrative procedures are discussed. In this connexion, the utilization to the maximum practicable extent of existing laws and administrative procedures through existing authorities at various levels of government is suggested as being advantageous from the points of view of public relations and of administration. Although the total costs for treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes are substantial, the cost per unit of electrical energy produced is a rather small percentage of the total cost per unit of energy. Other economic factors related to handling and disposal of wastes are also noted, including the relation of plant site to disposal location. In addition, other considerations related to waste management, such as site selection and transport, are discussed. (author) [French] Les auteurs, a la lumiere des connaissances actuelles, examinent les aspects techniques et administratifs du traitement des dechets en rattachant cette analyse aux mesures qu'il pourrait etre necessaire de prendre dans l'avenir pour assurer un traitement et un controle efficaces, sur le plan administratif et juridique, des effluents radioactifs resultant de la production d'energie atomique. Les auteurs repartissent tout d'abord en de larges categories les differentes sortes de dechets pour bien souligner que le probleme de leur traitement presente de multiples aspects et qu'on ne saurait en donner une solution unique. Ils examinent rapidement le role des differents milieux dans le choix des methodes de traitement des dechets et definissent les procedes fondamentaux de controle (dilution et dispersion, concentration et confinement). Les auteurs distinguent entre les normes fondamentales de protection radiologique et les criteres de fonctionnement qui doivent etre fixes pour realiser le controle des effluents de facon a veiller a ce que les normes fondamentales soient respectees. Les auteurs examinent les progres realises en matiere de normes et criteres ainsi que l'application de ceux-ci dans l'etablissement de reglements de sante et de securite et la mise au point de procedures administratives et juridiques. A cet egard, ils signalent les avantages que presente, du point de vue de l'opinion publique et du travail administratif, l'utilisation la plus large des textes legislatifs et des procedures administratives dans les services deja crees aux divers echelons de l'autorite. Malgre l'importance des depenses qu'entrainent le traitement et l'elimination des dechets radioactifs, le cout par unite d'energie electrique produite ne represente qu'une partie relativement restreinte du cout total par unite d'energie. Les auteurs indiquent d'autres facteurs economiques qui jouent un role dans la manipulation et l'elimination des dechets, notamment en fonction de l'emplacement de l'usine et du point d'evacuation. En outre, ils examinent d'autres aspects du traitement des dechets, tels que le choix du lieu de decharge et le transport. (author) [Spanish] En esta memoria se examinan los aspectos tecnicos y administrativos de la manipulacion de desechos radiactivos, teniendo en cuenta nuestros conocimientos y experiencia actuales, y vinculando asimismo dicho examen a las posibles necesidades futuras en lo referente al adecuado control tecnico, juridico y administrativo de los efluentes radiactivos procedentes de las operaciones donde interviene la energia atomica. Con el fin de subrayar que el multiple problema de la manipulacion de desechos radiactivos no admite una solucion unica, se hace una clasificacion general de los desechos radiactivos. A continuacion se definen los dos metodos fundamentales de control de desechos radiactivos ('dilucion y dispersion' y 'concentracion y confinamiento'), resumiendo brevemente el papel desempenado por determinados medios ambientes en los procedimientos de manipulacion de desechos. Se hace una distincion entre las normas basicas de proteccion radiologica y los criterios practicos o de ejecucion que es necesario establecer con respecto a las operaciones de control de efluentes a fin de asegurar el cumplimiento de dichas normas basicas. Se examina el desarrollo de normas y criterias y su aplicacion al establecimiento de reglamentaciones sanitarias .y de proteccion, asi como a los procedimientos juridico y administrativo. A este respecto se sugiere utilizar al maximo los procedimientos administrativos y legales ya existentes en los diversos organismos gubernamentales, por considerarlo beneficioso desde el punto de vista administrativo y psicologico. Aunque los costes totales que supone el tratamiento y evacuacion de los desechos radiactivos son considerables, el coste por unidad de energia electrica producida representa solo un pequeno porcentaje del coste total por unidad de energia. Se hace tambien referencia a otros aspectos economicos de la manipulacion y evacuacion de desechos, incluida la relacion existente entre la localizacion de la planta y la situacion de la zona de evacuacion. Ademas, se exponen otras consideraciones relacionadas con la manipulacion de desechos radiactivos, tales como la eleccion de emplazamientos y los problemas de transporte. (author) [Russian] Cel' nastojashhego doklada sostoit v rassmotrenii tehnicheskih i administrativnyh aspektov obrashhenija s radioaktivnymi othodami v svete imejushhegosja u nas opyta i znanij i uchete jetogo obsuzhdenija dlja vozmozhnyh budushhih trebovanij v oblasti sootvetstvujushhego tehnicheskogo, juridicheskogo i administrativnogo kontrolja nad radioaktivnymi othodami v rezul'tate ispol'zovanija jenergii. Pervonachal'no razlichnye vidy. radioaktivnyh othodov razbivajutsja na obshhie kategorii dlja togo, chtoby podcherknut', chto mnogochislennye stojashhie pered nami problemy obrashhenija s othodami ne poddajutsja edinichnomu v svoem rode resheniju. Kratko summiruetsja rol' specificheskoj okruzhajushhej sredy v praktike obrashhenija s othodami i opredeljajutsja osnovnye podhody (''rastvorenie i dispersija'' i ''koncentracija i soderzhanie'') k osushhestvleniju kontrolja nad othodami. Provoditsja razlichie mezhdu osnovnymi standartami po zashhite ot radiacii i operativnym ili proizvodstvennym kriterijami, kotorye dolzhny byt' ustanovleny v svjazi s operacijami po kontrolju nad othodami dlja obespechenija udovletvorenija osnovnyh standartov. Rassmatrivaetsja razrabotka standartov i kriterija i ih primenenie dlja rasprostranenija pravil po ohrane zdorov'ja i tehniki bezopasnosti i juridicheskoj i administrativnoj procedury. V jetoj svjazi predlagaetsja maksimal'noe ispol'zovanie sushhestvujushhego zakonodatel'stva i administrativnoj procedury v sushhestvujushhih uchrezhdenijah na razlichnyh urovnjah upravlenija, vygodnyh kak s administrativnoj tochki zrenija, tak i s tochki zrenija obshhestvennyh otnoshenij. Hotja obshhie rashody na obrashhenie s radioaktivnymi otho'dami i ih udalenie javljajutsja sushhestvennymi, rashody na edinicu proizvedennoj jelektrojenergii sostavljajut dovol'no nebol'shoj procent ot obshhih rashodov na edinicu jenergii. Otmechajutsja takzhe drugie jekonomicheskie faktory, otnosjashhiesja k obrashheniju s radioaktivnymi othodami i ih udaleniju, vkljuchaja otnoshenie mesta, gde nahoditsja ustanovka, k mestu nahozhdenija othodov. Krome togo, rassmatrivajutsja drugie soobrazhenija, svjazannye s obrashheniem s othodami, takie kak vybor mesta i transportirovka. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1960}
month = {Jul}
}
title = {Technical and Administrative Considerations in the Management of Radioactive Wastes; Considerations Techniques et Administratives Relatives au Traitement des Dechets Radioactifs; 0422 0415 0425 041d 0418 0427 0415 0421 041a 0414 ; Aspectos Tecnicos y Administrativos de la Manipulacion de Desechos Radiactivos}
author = {Wolman, Abel, Division of Reactor Development, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States)], and Lieberman, Joseph A.}
abstractNote = {The purpose of this paper is to discuss the technical and administrative aspects of radioactive waste management in the light of our present experience and knowledge and to relate that discussion to possible future requirements for the adequate engineering, legal and administrative control of radioactive effluents from atomic energy operations. Initially, the various kinds of radioactive wastes are classified in a general way to emphasize that the many-faceted problem of waste management is not susceptible of a single, unique solution. The role of specific environments in waste management practices is briefly summarized and the basic approaches (''dilute and disperse'' and ''concentrate and contain'') to waste control are defined. A distinction is made between basic radiation protection standards and the operating or performance criteria that must be established in connexion with effluent control operations in' order to assure that the basic standards are met. The development of standards and criteria and their application in the promulgation of health and safety regulations and legal and administrative procedures are discussed. In this connexion, the utilization to the maximum practicable extent of existing laws and administrative procedures through existing authorities at various levels of government is suggested as being advantageous from the points of view of public relations and of administration. Although the total costs for treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes are substantial, the cost per unit of electrical energy produced is a rather small percentage of the total cost per unit of energy. Other economic factors related to handling and disposal of wastes are also noted, including the relation of plant site to disposal location. In addition, other considerations related to waste management, such as site selection and transport, are discussed. (author) [French] Les auteurs, a la lumiere des connaissances actuelles, examinent les aspects techniques et administratifs du traitement des dechets en rattachant cette analyse aux mesures qu'il pourrait etre necessaire de prendre dans l'avenir pour assurer un traitement et un controle efficaces, sur le plan administratif et juridique, des effluents radioactifs resultant de la production d'energie atomique. Les auteurs repartissent tout d'abord en de larges categories les differentes sortes de dechets pour bien souligner que le probleme de leur traitement presente de multiples aspects et qu'on ne saurait en donner une solution unique. Ils examinent rapidement le role des differents milieux dans le choix des methodes de traitement des dechets et definissent les procedes fondamentaux de controle (dilution et dispersion, concentration et confinement). Les auteurs distinguent entre les normes fondamentales de protection radiologique et les criteres de fonctionnement qui doivent etre fixes pour realiser le controle des effluents de facon a veiller a ce que les normes fondamentales soient respectees. Les auteurs examinent les progres realises en matiere de normes et criteres ainsi que l'application de ceux-ci dans l'etablissement de reglements de sante et de securite et la mise au point de procedures administratives et juridiques. A cet egard, ils signalent les avantages que presente, du point de vue de l'opinion publique et du travail administratif, l'utilisation la plus large des textes legislatifs et des procedures administratives dans les services deja crees aux divers echelons de l'autorite. Malgre l'importance des depenses qu'entrainent le traitement et l'elimination des dechets radioactifs, le cout par unite d'energie electrique produite ne represente qu'une partie relativement restreinte du cout total par unite d'energie. Les auteurs indiquent d'autres facteurs economiques qui jouent un role dans la manipulation et l'elimination des dechets, notamment en fonction de l'emplacement de l'usine et du point d'evacuation. En outre, ils examinent d'autres aspects du traitement des dechets, tels que le choix du lieu de decharge et le transport. (author) [Spanish] En esta memoria se examinan los aspectos tecnicos y administrativos de la manipulacion de desechos radiactivos, teniendo en cuenta nuestros conocimientos y experiencia actuales, y vinculando asimismo dicho examen a las posibles necesidades futuras en lo referente al adecuado control tecnico, juridico y administrativo de los efluentes radiactivos procedentes de las operaciones donde interviene la energia atomica. Con el fin de subrayar que el multiple problema de la manipulacion de desechos radiactivos no admite una solucion unica, se hace una clasificacion general de los desechos radiactivos. A continuacion se definen los dos metodos fundamentales de control de desechos radiactivos ('dilucion y dispersion' y 'concentracion y confinamiento'), resumiendo brevemente el papel desempenado por determinados medios ambientes en los procedimientos de manipulacion de desechos. Se hace una distincion entre las normas basicas de proteccion radiologica y los criterios practicos o de ejecucion que es necesario establecer con respecto a las operaciones de control de efluentes a fin de asegurar el cumplimiento de dichas normas basicas. Se examina el desarrollo de normas y criterias y su aplicacion al establecimiento de reglamentaciones sanitarias .y de proteccion, asi como a los procedimientos juridico y administrativo. A este respecto se sugiere utilizar al maximo los procedimientos administrativos y legales ya existentes en los diversos organismos gubernamentales, por considerarlo beneficioso desde el punto de vista administrativo y psicologico. Aunque los costes totales que supone el tratamiento y evacuacion de los desechos radiactivos son considerables, el coste por unidad de energia electrica producida representa solo un pequeno porcentaje del coste total por unidad de energia. Se hace tambien referencia a otros aspectos economicos de la manipulacion y evacuacion de desechos, incluida la relacion existente entre la localizacion de la planta y la situacion de la zona de evacuacion. Ademas, se exponen otras consideraciones relacionadas con la manipulacion de desechos radiactivos, tales como la eleccion de emplazamientos y los problemas de transporte. (author) [Russian] Cel' nastojashhego doklada sostoit v rassmotrenii tehnicheskih i administrativnyh aspektov obrashhenija s radioaktivnymi othodami v svete imejushhegosja u nas opyta i znanij i uchete jetogo obsuzhdenija dlja vozmozhnyh budushhih trebovanij v oblasti sootvetstvujushhego tehnicheskogo, juridicheskogo i administrativnogo kontrolja nad radioaktivnymi othodami v rezul'tate ispol'zovanija jenergii. Pervonachal'no razlichnye vidy. radioaktivnyh othodov razbivajutsja na obshhie kategorii dlja togo, chtoby podcherknut', chto mnogochislennye stojashhie pered nami problemy obrashhenija s othodami ne poddajutsja edinichnomu v svoem rode resheniju. Kratko summiruetsja rol' specificheskoj okruzhajushhej sredy v praktike obrashhenija s othodami i opredeljajutsja osnovnye podhody (''rastvorenie i dispersija'' i ''koncentracija i soderzhanie'') k osushhestvleniju kontrolja nad othodami. Provoditsja razlichie mezhdu osnovnymi standartami po zashhite ot radiacii i operativnym ili proizvodstvennym kriterijami, kotorye dolzhny byt' ustanovleny v svjazi s operacijami po kontrolju nad othodami dlja obespechenija udovletvorenija osnovnyh standartov. Rassmatrivaetsja razrabotka standartov i kriterija i ih primenenie dlja rasprostranenija pravil po ohrane zdorov'ja i tehniki bezopasnosti i juridicheskoj i administrativnoj procedury. V jetoj svjazi predlagaetsja maksimal'noe ispol'zovanie sushhestvujushhego zakonodatel'stva i administrativnoj procedury v sushhestvujushhih uchrezhdenijah na razlichnyh urovnjah upravlenija, vygodnyh kak s administrativnoj tochki zrenija, tak i s tochki zrenija obshhestvennyh otnoshenij. Hotja obshhie rashody na obrashhenie s radioaktivnymi otho'dami i ih udalenie javljajutsja sushhestvennymi, rashody na edinicu proizvedennoj jelektrojenergii sostavljajut dovol'no nebol'shoj procent ot obshhih rashodov na edinicu jenergii. Otmechajutsja takzhe drugie jekonomicheskie faktory, otnosjashhiesja k obrashheniju s radioaktivnymi othodami i ih udaleniju, vkljuchaja otnoshenie mesta, gde nahoditsja ustanovka, k mestu nahozhdenija othodov. Krome togo, rassmatrivajutsja drugie soobrazhenija, svjazannye s obrashheniem s othodami, takie kak vybor mesta i transportirovka. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1960}
month = {Jul}
}