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Treatment and Processing of Radioactive Wastes; Traitement des Dechets Radioactifs; 041e 0411 0420 0414 ; Tratamiento de Desechos Radiactivos

Abstract

Various methods which have been considered for processing and treating radioactive wastes of both low and high level are discussed. Low-Level Wastes-Gases are diluted and discharged to the atmosphere through stacks or are filtered through highly retentive filters. Typical installations are described. Incineration of combustible wastes has been examined and descriptions and operating data are given. Baling is often a useful adjunct to a solids collection system. A variety of processes for liquid wastes have been studied. Typical systems are described and operating data given. High-Level Wastes-Gases are sometimes vented directly through stacks but more often some treatment is required. The treatment takes the form of chemical scrubbing, removal of iodine on silver reactors, rare-gas removal and filtration. Highly contaminated solids may require decontamination in place before they can be removed. High-level liquid wastes represent the largest single waste-disposal problem facing the industry at the present time. This problem includes reduction in the volume of the waste originally produced by process changes or changing the process; concentration of the produced waste or reduction to solids by one of several methods including concentration, use of Portland cement, adsorption on clays or other natural materials, and calcination. The technical and economic problems  More>>
Authors:
Rodger, Walton A. [1] 
  1. Chemical Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (United States)
Publication Date:
Jul 01, 1960
Product Type:
Conference
Resource Relation:
Conference: Scientific Conference on the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes, Monaco (Monaco), 16-21 Nov 1959; Other Information: 74 refs., 10 tabs., 6 figs.; Related Information: In: Disposal of Radioactive Wastes. Vol. I. Proceedings of the Scientific Conference on the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes| 615 p.
Subject:
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES, AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES; ADSORPTION; CALCINATION; CLAYS; COMBUSTION; CONCENTRATION RATIO; DECONTAMINATION; FILTERS; FILTRATION; HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES; IODINE; LIQUID WASTES; PORTLAND CEMENT; RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL; RADIOACTIVE WASTE FACILITIES; RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROCESSING; SCRUBBING; SILVER
OSTI ID:
22192387
Research Organizations:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris (France); Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome (Italy)
Country of Origin:
IAEA
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ISSN 0074-1884; TRN: XA13M3511016876
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 449-479
Announcement Date:
Feb 20, 2014

Citation Formats

Rodger, Walton A. Treatment and Processing of Radioactive Wastes; Traitement des Dechets Radioactifs; 041e 0411 0420 0414 ; Tratamiento de Desechos Radiactivos. IAEA: N. p., 1960. Web.
Rodger, Walton A. Treatment and Processing of Radioactive Wastes; Traitement des Dechets Radioactifs; 041e 0411 0420 0414 ; Tratamiento de Desechos Radiactivos. IAEA.
Rodger, Walton A. 1960. "Treatment and Processing of Radioactive Wastes; Traitement des Dechets Radioactifs; 041e 0411 0420 0414 ; Tratamiento de Desechos Radiactivos." IAEA.
@misc{etde_22192387,
title = {Treatment and Processing of Radioactive Wastes; Traitement des Dechets Radioactifs; 041e 0411 0420 0414 ; Tratamiento de Desechos Radiactivos}
author = {Rodger, Walton A.}
abstractNote = {Various methods which have been considered for processing and treating radioactive wastes of both low and high level are discussed. Low-Level Wastes-Gases are diluted and discharged to the atmosphere through stacks or are filtered through highly retentive filters. Typical installations are described. Incineration of combustible wastes has been examined and descriptions and operating data are given. Baling is often a useful adjunct to a solids collection system. A variety of processes for liquid wastes have been studied. Typical systems are described and operating data given. High-Level Wastes-Gases are sometimes vented directly through stacks but more often some treatment is required. The treatment takes the form of chemical scrubbing, removal of iodine on silver reactors, rare-gas removal and filtration. Highly contaminated solids may require decontamination in place before they can be removed. High-level liquid wastes represent the largest single waste-disposal problem facing the industry at the present time. This problem includes reduction in the volume of the waste originally produced by process changes or changing the process; concentration of the produced waste or reduction to solids by one of several methods including concentration, use of Portland cement, adsorption on clays or other natural materials, and calcination. The technical and economic problems associated with temporary storage are considered. It may become necessary to do waste processing at only a few carefully selected sites. Estimates are made of the amounts that might be involved in transport and of the equipment needed. The attendant hazards and costs are considered. (author) [French] L'auteur etudie les diverses methodes qui ont ete envisagees pour le traitement des dechets de faible et de haute radioactivite. Dechets, de faible radioactivite - Les gaz sont, soit dilues et evacues dans l'atmosphere par de hautes cheminees, soit filtres au moyen d'appareils a grande puissance de filtrage. L'auteur decrit des installations type. On a envisage la possibilite d'incinerer les dechets combustibles et l'auteur decrit cette methode en precisant les modalites d'application. La mise en paquets peut souvent completer utilement la collecte des dechets. L'auteur etudie un certain nombre de procedes pour les dechets liquides. Il decrit egalement des systemes type en expliquant leur fonctionnement. Dechets de haute radioactivite - Les gaz sont parfois decharges directement dans des cheminees, mais le plus souvent on leur fait subir certains traitements. On peut, soit les epurer par des processus chimiques, retirer l'iode par reaction avec l'argent, extraire les gaz rares ou encore recourir au filtrage. Les solides fortement contamines peuvent necessiter une decontamination sur place avant la collecte. Les dechets liquides fortement radioactifs constituent a l'heure actuelle la plus forte proportion de dechets a eliminer par l'industrie. On a cherche a resoudre le probleme en reduisant le volume des dechets produits en changeant le processus ; on peut aussi concentrer les dechets produits ou bien les reduire sous forme solide - plusieurs methodes sont employees a cet effet, notamment la concentration, l'utilisation de ciment de Portland, l'adsorption sur argile ou autre materiau naturel et la calcination. L'auteur examine les problemes techniques et economiques qui se posent a propos de l'entreposage provisoire. Il peut etre necessaire de ne traiter les dechets qu'en un petit nombre d'endroits soigneusement determines. L'auteur a calcule approximativement les quantites et le materiel necessaire au deplacement. Il etudie egalement les risques afferents et les incidences financieres. (author) [Spanish] El autor examina algunos de los metodos que se han propuesto para tratar los desechos radiactivos de baja y elevada actividad. Desechos de baja actividad - Una vez diluidos, los gases se descargan en la atmosfera mediante chimeneas o se hacen pasar por filtros de elevado poder de retencion. El autor describe algunas instalaciones tipicas. El autor examina y describe la incineracion de desechos combustibles y facilita datos sacados de la practica. El embalado resulta a menudo util como complemento de un sistema de recogida de desechos solidos. Se ha estudiado una gran variedad de procesos para los desechos liquidos. El autor describe los mas tipicos procesos y facilita datos practicos al respecto. Desechos de elevada actividad - A veces los gases se evacuan directamente por medio de chimeneas pero con mas frecuencia es necesario tratarlos. Esto puede hacerse por depuracion quimica, separacion del yodo en recipientes de plata, extraccion de los gases nobles y filtracion. En ciertos casos, los solidos muy contaminados deben ser descontaminados in situ antes de trasladarlos a otro lugar. Actualmente, la dificultad mayor con que la industria tropieza en materia de eliminacion de desechos es la que suscitan los desechos liquidos de elevada actividad. Se ha tratado de allanar esta dificultad con diversos procedimientos; reduccion del volumen de los desechos modificando el tratamiento; concentracion de los desechos ; solidificacion de los desechos liquidos por concentracion, utilizacion de cemento portland, adsorcion en arcillas u otras sustancias naturales o calcinacion. El autor examina los problemas tecnicos y economicos que plantea el almacenamiento. Sera tal vez necesario tratar los desechos solo en emplazamientos cuidadosamente seleccionados. El documento contiene un calculo de las cantidades y del equipo necesario para el transporte, asi como un examen de los peligros inherentes y del costo de las operaciones. (author) [Russian] V nastojashhem doklade obsuzhdajutsja razlichnye metody, izuchavshiesja s cel'ju ispol'zovanija ih pri obrabotke radioaktivnyh othodov s vysokim i nizkim urovnem aktivnosti. Othody s nizkim urovnem radioaktivnosti - G azy razrezhajutsja i vybrasyvajutsja v atmosferu cherez rjad trub ili fil'trujutsja horosho uderzhivajushhimi fil'trami. Doklad daet opisanie tipichnyh ustanovok. Provodilos' issledovanie po szhiganiju vosplamenjajushhihsja othodov; v doklade daetsja ego opisanie i operativnye dannye. Metod upakovki takzhe igraet vazhnuju rol' v sisteme sbora tverdyh othodov. Byli izucheny razlichnye vidy obrabotki zhidkih othodov. V doklade privoditsja opisanie tipichnyh sistem i prilagajutsja operativnye dannye. Othody s vysokim urovnem radioaktivnosti - Gazy inogda otvodjatsja neposredstvenno v truboprovody, no chashhe vsego trebuetsja nekotoraja predvaritel'naja obrabotka. Obrabotka sostoit iz himicheskoj ochistki, udalenija ioda s poserebrennyh detalej, udalenija inertnogo gaza i fil'tracii. Tverdym veshhestvam s vysokim urovnem zarazhenija mozhet potrebovat'sja dezaktivacija na meste do ih udalenija. Udalenie zhidkih othodov s vysokim urovnem radioaktivnosti predstavljaet soboj samuju slozhnuju problemu, s kotoroj stalkivaetsja v nastojashhee vremja promyshlennost'. Jeta problema vkljuchaet umen'shenie ob{sup e}ma othoda, poluchaemogo pervonachal'no putem izmenenija processa obrabotki; koncentraciju poluchaemogo othoda; ili vosstanovlenie v tverdye pri pomoshhi neskol'kih metodov, vkljuchaja metod koncentracii, ispol'zovanija portland-cementa, adsorbciju na glinah, ili drugih estestvennyh veshhestvah i kal'cinirovanie. V doklade rassmatrivajutsja tehnicheskie i jekonomicheskie problemy, svjazannye s vremennym hraneniem othodov. Obrabotku othodov neobhodimo proizvodit' lish' v tshhatel'no otobrannyh dlja jetoj celi mestah. V doklade privodjatsja podschety priblizitel'nogo kolichestva othodov, kotorye pridetsja transportirovat', i trebuemogo oborudovanija. Rassmatrivajutsja voprosy, svjazannye s riskom i stoimost'ju. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1960}
month = {Jul}
}