Abstract
Little direct information is available on the defects produced in crystalline phosphates by recoiling hot atoms from the P{sup 31} (n, {gamma})P{sup 32} nuclear reaction, although detailed information is available on the state of P{sup 32} after dissolution of the neutron irradiated crystals. In an attempt to characterize and identify these defects by electron spin resonance (ESR) we report the results of a study, using electrophoresis and ESR techniques, of single crystals of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate after neutron irradiation in a thermal column at temperatures between -196 Degree-Sign C and 40 Degree-Sign C. The ESR spectra were recorded with irradiated single crystals of ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. Four line systems were found. Three of these, constituting the outer part of the spectrum, reduce to doublets in certain orientations of the crystal suggesting a hyperfine coupling to P{sup 31}. No evidence for coupling to P{sup 32} was found. The central part of the spectrum could also be produced by pure y-irradiation. One of the systems of lines in the outer part of the spectrum has been traced to hot atom recoils from the process N{sup 14}(n, p)C{sup 14} and assigned to phosphite radicals that are oriented in eight different ways in
More>>
Citation Formats
Fenger, J., and Nielsen, S. O.
Szilard-Chalmers Processes in Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate as Studied by Electrophoresis and Electron Spin Resonance Techniques; Processus Szilard-Chalmers dans le Phosphate d'Ammonium Biacide Etudies par ELectro- Phorese et Resonance de Spin Electronique; 0418 0417 0423 0427 0414 ; Procesos Szilard-Chalmers en el Fosfato Monoamonico Estudiados por Electroforesis y Resonancia del Spin Electronico.
IAEA: N. p.,
1965.
Web.
Fenger, J., & Nielsen, S. O.
Szilard-Chalmers Processes in Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate as Studied by Electrophoresis and Electron Spin Resonance Techniques; Processus Szilard-Chalmers dans le Phosphate d'Ammonium Biacide Etudies par ELectro- Phorese et Resonance de Spin Electronique; 0418 0417 0423 0427 0414 ; Procesos Szilard-Chalmers en el Fosfato Monoamonico Estudiados por Electroforesis y Resonancia del Spin Electronico.
IAEA.
Fenger, J., and Nielsen, S. O.
1965.
"Szilard-Chalmers Processes in Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate as Studied by Electrophoresis and Electron Spin Resonance Techniques; Processus Szilard-Chalmers dans le Phosphate d'Ammonium Biacide Etudies par ELectro- Phorese et Resonance de Spin Electronique; 0418 0417 0423 0427 0414 ; Procesos Szilard-Chalmers en el Fosfato Monoamonico Estudiados por Electroforesis y Resonancia del Spin Electronico."
IAEA.
@misc{etde_22184521,
title = {Szilard-Chalmers Processes in Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate as Studied by Electrophoresis and Electron Spin Resonance Techniques; Processus Szilard-Chalmers dans le Phosphate d'Ammonium Biacide Etudies par ELectro- Phorese et Resonance de Spin Electronique; 0418 0417 0423 0427 0414 ; Procesos Szilard-Chalmers en el Fosfato Monoamonico Estudiados por Electroforesis y Resonancia del Spin Electronico}
author = {Fenger, J., and Nielsen, S. O.}
abstractNote = {Little direct information is available on the defects produced in crystalline phosphates by recoiling hot atoms from the P{sup 31} (n, {gamma})P{sup 32} nuclear reaction, although detailed information is available on the state of P{sup 32} after dissolution of the neutron irradiated crystals. In an attempt to characterize and identify these defects by electron spin resonance (ESR) we report the results of a study, using electrophoresis and ESR techniques, of single crystals of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate after neutron irradiation in a thermal column at temperatures between -196 Degree-Sign C and 40 Degree-Sign C. The ESR spectra were recorded with irradiated single crystals of ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. Four line systems were found. Three of these, constituting the outer part of the spectrum, reduce to doublets in certain orientations of the crystal suggesting a hyperfine coupling to P{sup 31}. No evidence for coupling to P{sup 32} was found. The central part of the spectrum could also be produced by pure y-irradiation. One of the systems of lines in the outer part of the spectrum has been traced to hot atom recoils from the process N{sup 14}(n, p)C{sup 14} and assigned to phosphite radicals that are oriented in eight different ways in the crystal lattice. The results of thermal and radiation annealing as studied by electrophoresis techniques are briefly discussed. The most remarkable finding was that ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} and NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4} after neutron irradiation at 4 Degree-Sign C, -78 Degree-Sign C and -196 Degree-Sign C differed in their retentions which at all three temperatures were about 50% larger in ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. (author) [French] On dispose de peu de renseignements directs sur les defauts induits dans les phosphates cristallins par les atomes chauds de recul provenant de la reaction nucleaire {sup 31}P(n, {gamma}){sup 32}P, alors que l'on possede des donnees precises sur l'etat de {sup 32}P apres dissolution d'un cristal expose a des neutrons. En vue de caracteriser et d'identifier ces defauts par la resonance de spin electronique (RSE), les auteurs donnent les resultats d'une etude qu'ils ont faite, a l'aide d'une methode fondee sur l'electrophorese et la RSE, sur des monocristaux de phosphate d'ammonium biacide apres exposition aux neutrons dans une colonne thermique a des temperatures de -196 Degree-Sign C a 40 Degree-Sign C. Les spectres RSE ont ete obtenus a l'aide de monocristaux irradies de ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. On a decouvert quatre systemes de raies. Trois de ces systemes, formant la partie exterieure du spectre, se reduisent a des doublets pour certaines orientations du cristal, ce qui laisse supposer un couplage hyperfin avec {sup 31}P. Rien ne prouve jusqu'a present qu'il existe un couplage avec {sup 32}P. La partie centrale du spectre a pu etre egalement obtenue sous l'effet d'une irradiation gamma pure. Un systeme de raies de la partie exterieure du spectre qui avait pour origine des atomes chauds de recul provenant de la reaction {sup 14}N(n, p){sup 14}C a ete attribue a des radicaux phosphites qui sont orientes de huit facons differentes dans le reseau cristallin. Les resultats du recuit thermique et du radiorecuit, etudies par electrophorese, font l'objet d'un bref examen critique. La constatation la plus interessante a ete le fait que ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} et NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4} exposes aux neutrons a 4 Degree-Sign C, -78 Degree-Sign C et -196 Degree-Sign C different par la retention qui est d'environ 50% plus elevee pour ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} a ces trois temperatures. (author) [Spanish] Se poseen escasos datos directos sobre los efectos producidos en los fosfatos cristalinos por los atomos calientes de retroceso, resultantes de la reaccion nuclear {sup 31}p (n, {gamma}){sup 32}p, aunque se dispone de amplia informacion sobre el estado del {sup 32}P despues de la disolucion de los cristales irradiados con neutrones. Los autores procuran identificar y caracterizar estos defectos por determinacion de la resonancia del spin electronico y exponen los resultados de un estudio por electroforesis y por resonancia del spin electronico efectuado con monocristales de fosiato monoamonico, despues de irradiarlos con neutrones en una columna termica a temperaturas comprendidas entre -196 Degree-Sign C y 40 Degree-Sign C. Se han registrado los espectros de resonancia del spin electronico en monocristales de ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} irradiados. Se han observado cuatro sistemas de lineas. Tres de ellos, que constituyen la parte exterior del espectro, se reducen a dobletes en ciertas orientaciones del cristal, lo que indica un acoplamiento hiperfino del {sup 31}P. No se han hallado indicios de acoplamiento del {sup 32}P. La parte central del espectro puede tambien producirse por irradiacion gamma pura. Se ha comprobado que uno de los sistemas de lfneas de la parte exterior del espectro proviene de los atomos calientes de retroceso resultantes del proceso {sup 14}N(n, p) {sup 14}C, y se ha atribuido a radicales fosfito que se hallan orientados de ocho maneras distintas en la red cristalina. Se exponen brevemente los resultados de la regeneracion por recocido termico y por irradiacion, estudiada por electroforesis. El resultado mas notable es que el ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} y el NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}, sometidos a irradiacion neutronica a 4 Degree-Sign C, -78 Degree-Sign C y -196 Degree-Sign C, difieren en su retencion, que para las tres temperaturas mencionadas es aproximadamente 50% mayor en compuesto deuterado. (author) [Russian] Neposredstvenno o defektah, obrazujushhihsja v kristallicheskih fosfatah za schet gorjachih atomov otdachi v rezul'tate jadernoj reakcii fosfor-31 (n, {gamma}) fosfor -32, imeetsja malo informacii, hotja imeetsja podrobnaja informacija o sostojanii fosfora-32 posle rastvorenija kristallov, obluchennyh nejtronami. Predprinimaja popytku ustanovit' i dat' harakteristiku jetim defektam s pomoshh'ju jelektronno-spinovogo rezonansa (JeSR), my soobshhaem o rezul'tatah izuchenija s pomoshh'ju metodov jelektroforeza i jelektronno-spinovogo rezonansa otdel'nyh kristallov pervichnogo kislogo fosfata ammonija posle obluchenija nejtronami v teplovoj kolonke pri temperaturah mezhdu - 196 Degree-Sign i 40 Degree-Sign C. Spektry jelektronno-spinovogo rezonansa registrirovalis' pri ispol'zovanii otdel'nyh kristallov ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4}, obluchennyh nejtronami. Byli najdeny chetyre sistemy linij. Tri iz nih, sostavljajushhie vneshnjuju chast' spektra, vosstanavlivajutsja v dublety v nekotoryh orientacijah kristalla, chto govorit o sverhtonkoj svjazi s fosforom-31. Central'naja chast' spektra mogla takzhe byt' poluchena pri chistom {gamma}-obluchenii. Odna iz sistem linij vo vneshnej chasti spektra byla proslezhena dlja gorjachih atomov otdachi v rezul'tate processa N{sup 14}(n, p)C{sup 14} i opredelena dlja radikalov fosfita, kotorye orientirovany v 8 razlichnyh napravlenijah v kristallicheskoj reshetke. Kratko obsuzhdajutsja rezul'taty teplovogo i radiacionnogo otzhiga, izuchennogo s primeneniem metodov jelektroforeza. Naibolee vazhnyj vyvod sostojal v tom, chto ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} i NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4} posle nejtronnogo obluchenija pri temperature 4 Degree-Sign C, -78 Degree-Sign C i -196 Degree-Sign C otlichalis' po svoim uderzhanijam, kotorye priblizitel'no na 50% bol'she v ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} pri vseh treh temperaturah. Tri iz nih vosstanavlivajutsja v dublety v nekotoryh orientacijah kristalla, chto govorit o sverhtonkoj svjazi s fosforom-31. Do sih por ne najdeny dokazatel'stva v otnoshenii svjazi s fosforom-32. Mozhno takzhe poluchit' sil'nejshuju sistemu linij s pomoshh'ju chistogo gamma-obluchenija. Odna sistema linij proslezhena dlja gorjachih atomov otdachi i opredelena dlja fosfit-radikala. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1965}
month = {Apr}
}
title = {Szilard-Chalmers Processes in Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate as Studied by Electrophoresis and Electron Spin Resonance Techniques; Processus Szilard-Chalmers dans le Phosphate d'Ammonium Biacide Etudies par ELectro- Phorese et Resonance de Spin Electronique; 0418 0417 0423 0427 0414 ; Procesos Szilard-Chalmers en el Fosfato Monoamonico Estudiados por Electroforesis y Resonancia del Spin Electronico}
author = {Fenger, J., and Nielsen, S. O.}
abstractNote = {Little direct information is available on the defects produced in crystalline phosphates by recoiling hot atoms from the P{sup 31} (n, {gamma})P{sup 32} nuclear reaction, although detailed information is available on the state of P{sup 32} after dissolution of the neutron irradiated crystals. In an attempt to characterize and identify these defects by electron spin resonance (ESR) we report the results of a study, using electrophoresis and ESR techniques, of single crystals of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate after neutron irradiation in a thermal column at temperatures between -196 Degree-Sign C and 40 Degree-Sign C. The ESR spectra were recorded with irradiated single crystals of ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. Four line systems were found. Three of these, constituting the outer part of the spectrum, reduce to doublets in certain orientations of the crystal suggesting a hyperfine coupling to P{sup 31}. No evidence for coupling to P{sup 32} was found. The central part of the spectrum could also be produced by pure y-irradiation. One of the systems of lines in the outer part of the spectrum has been traced to hot atom recoils from the process N{sup 14}(n, p)C{sup 14} and assigned to phosphite radicals that are oriented in eight different ways in the crystal lattice. The results of thermal and radiation annealing as studied by electrophoresis techniques are briefly discussed. The most remarkable finding was that ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} and NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4} after neutron irradiation at 4 Degree-Sign C, -78 Degree-Sign C and -196 Degree-Sign C differed in their retentions which at all three temperatures were about 50% larger in ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. (author) [French] On dispose de peu de renseignements directs sur les defauts induits dans les phosphates cristallins par les atomes chauds de recul provenant de la reaction nucleaire {sup 31}P(n, {gamma}){sup 32}P, alors que l'on possede des donnees precises sur l'etat de {sup 32}P apres dissolution d'un cristal expose a des neutrons. En vue de caracteriser et d'identifier ces defauts par la resonance de spin electronique (RSE), les auteurs donnent les resultats d'une etude qu'ils ont faite, a l'aide d'une methode fondee sur l'electrophorese et la RSE, sur des monocristaux de phosphate d'ammonium biacide apres exposition aux neutrons dans une colonne thermique a des temperatures de -196 Degree-Sign C a 40 Degree-Sign C. Les spectres RSE ont ete obtenus a l'aide de monocristaux irradies de ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. On a decouvert quatre systemes de raies. Trois de ces systemes, formant la partie exterieure du spectre, se reduisent a des doublets pour certaines orientations du cristal, ce qui laisse supposer un couplage hyperfin avec {sup 31}P. Rien ne prouve jusqu'a present qu'il existe un couplage avec {sup 32}P. La partie centrale du spectre a pu etre egalement obtenue sous l'effet d'une irradiation gamma pure. Un systeme de raies de la partie exterieure du spectre qui avait pour origine des atomes chauds de recul provenant de la reaction {sup 14}N(n, p){sup 14}C a ete attribue a des radicaux phosphites qui sont orientes de huit facons differentes dans le reseau cristallin. Les resultats du recuit thermique et du radiorecuit, etudies par electrophorese, font l'objet d'un bref examen critique. La constatation la plus interessante a ete le fait que ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} et NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4} exposes aux neutrons a 4 Degree-Sign C, -78 Degree-Sign C et -196 Degree-Sign C different par la retention qui est d'environ 50% plus elevee pour ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} a ces trois temperatures. (author) [Spanish] Se poseen escasos datos directos sobre los efectos producidos en los fosfatos cristalinos por los atomos calientes de retroceso, resultantes de la reaccion nuclear {sup 31}p (n, {gamma}){sup 32}p, aunque se dispone de amplia informacion sobre el estado del {sup 32}P despues de la disolucion de los cristales irradiados con neutrones. Los autores procuran identificar y caracterizar estos defectos por determinacion de la resonancia del spin electronico y exponen los resultados de un estudio por electroforesis y por resonancia del spin electronico efectuado con monocristales de fosiato monoamonico, despues de irradiarlos con neutrones en una columna termica a temperaturas comprendidas entre -196 Degree-Sign C y 40 Degree-Sign C. Se han registrado los espectros de resonancia del spin electronico en monocristales de ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} irradiados. Se han observado cuatro sistemas de lineas. Tres de ellos, que constituyen la parte exterior del espectro, se reducen a dobletes en ciertas orientaciones del cristal, lo que indica un acoplamiento hiperfino del {sup 31}P. No se han hallado indicios de acoplamiento del {sup 32}P. La parte central del espectro puede tambien producirse por irradiacion gamma pura. Se ha comprobado que uno de los sistemas de lfneas de la parte exterior del espectro proviene de los atomos calientes de retroceso resultantes del proceso {sup 14}N(n, p) {sup 14}C, y se ha atribuido a radicales fosfito que se hallan orientados de ocho maneras distintas en la red cristalina. Se exponen brevemente los resultados de la regeneracion por recocido termico y por irradiacion, estudiada por electroforesis. El resultado mas notable es que el ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} y el NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}, sometidos a irradiacion neutronica a 4 Degree-Sign C, -78 Degree-Sign C y -196 Degree-Sign C, difieren en su retencion, que para las tres temperaturas mencionadas es aproximadamente 50% mayor en compuesto deuterado. (author) [Russian] Neposredstvenno o defektah, obrazujushhihsja v kristallicheskih fosfatah za schet gorjachih atomov otdachi v rezul'tate jadernoj reakcii fosfor-31 (n, {gamma}) fosfor -32, imeetsja malo informacii, hotja imeetsja podrobnaja informacija o sostojanii fosfora-32 posle rastvorenija kristallov, obluchennyh nejtronami. Predprinimaja popytku ustanovit' i dat' harakteristiku jetim defektam s pomoshh'ju jelektronno-spinovogo rezonansa (JeSR), my soobshhaem o rezul'tatah izuchenija s pomoshh'ju metodov jelektroforeza i jelektronno-spinovogo rezonansa otdel'nyh kristallov pervichnogo kislogo fosfata ammonija posle obluchenija nejtronami v teplovoj kolonke pri temperaturah mezhdu - 196 Degree-Sign i 40 Degree-Sign C. Spektry jelektronno-spinovogo rezonansa registrirovalis' pri ispol'zovanii otdel'nyh kristallov ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4}, obluchennyh nejtronami. Byli najdeny chetyre sistemy linij. Tri iz nih, sostavljajushhie vneshnjuju chast' spektra, vosstanavlivajutsja v dublety v nekotoryh orientacijah kristalla, chto govorit o sverhtonkoj svjazi s fosforom-31. Central'naja chast' spektra mogla takzhe byt' poluchena pri chistom {gamma}-obluchenii. Odna iz sistem linij vo vneshnej chasti spektra byla proslezhena dlja gorjachih atomov otdachi v rezul'tate processa N{sup 14}(n, p)C{sup 14} i opredelena dlja radikalov fosfita, kotorye orientirovany v 8 razlichnyh napravlenijah v kristallicheskoj reshetke. Kratko obsuzhdajutsja rezul'taty teplovogo i radiacionnogo otzhiga, izuchennogo s primeneniem metodov jelektroforeza. Naibolee vazhnyj vyvod sostojal v tom, chto ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} i NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4} posle nejtronnogo obluchenija pri temperature 4 Degree-Sign C, -78 Degree-Sign C i -196 Degree-Sign C otlichalis' po svoim uderzhanijam, kotorye priblizitel'no na 50% bol'she v ND{sub 4}D{sub 2}PO{sub 4} pri vseh treh temperaturah. Tri iz nih vosstanavlivajutsja v dublety v nekotoryh orientacijah kristalla, chto govorit o sverhtonkoj svjazi s fosforom-31. Do sih por ne najdeny dokazatel'stva v otnoshenii svjazi s fosforom-32. Mozhno takzhe poluchit' sil'nejshuju sistemu linij s pomoshh'ju chistogo gamma-obluchenija. Odna sistema linij proslezhena dlja gorjachih atomov otdachi i opredelena dlja fosfit-radikala. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1965}
month = {Apr}
}