You need JavaScript to view this

Some Recent Applications of Short Half-Life Radioisotopes in Australia; Quelques Applications Recentes des Radioisotopes a Courte Periode En Australie; НОВЕЙШИЕ СПОСОБЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В АВСТРАЛИИ КОРОТКОЯИВУЩИХ РАДИОИЗОТОПОВ; Algunas Recientes Aplicaciones de los Radioisotopos de Periodo Corto en Australia

Abstract

This paper describes the use of short-lived radioisotopes in some of the field investigations recently carried out by the Isotope Division of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission. A radioisotope technique is being developed to trace air movements in clouds, principally for use in experiments related to cloud seeding. In a series of ten experiments, various quantities up to 2 c of copper-64 as finely particulate CuO have been released from an aircraft and traced by detecting, with a large crystal scintillometer, the {gamma}-rays emitted by the CuO distributed about the aircraft. A novel feature of the method is that, not only is the amount of radioactivity about the aircraft measured, but also the directional location of the source of radiation. This enables the navigation of the aircraft towards the centre of the radioactivity. A technique is being developed for large-scale ventilation and air pollution studies. Small amounts of copper-64, either as CuO powder or as copper adsorbed on particles, would be released and collected on filter paper using a high-speed air sampler. Experiments show that excellent discrimination against natural airborne radioactivity is obtained by using {gamma}-{gamma} coincidence techniques for detecting the copper-64 positron annihilation pair. The minimum detection level is  More>>
Authors:
Watt, J. S. [1] 
  1. Australian Atomic Energy Commission Research Establishment, Lucas Heights, NSW (Australia)
Publication Date:
Mar 15, 1963
Product Type:
Conference
Resource Relation:
Conference: Seminar on the Practical Applications of Short-Lived Radioisotopes Produced in Small Research Reactors, Vienna (Austria), 5-9 Nov 1962; Other Information: 10 refs., 6 figs.; Related Information: In: Production and Use of Short-Lived Radioisotopes from Reactors Vol. I. Proceedings of a Seminar on the Practical Applications of Short-Lived Radioisotopes Produced in Small Research Reactors| 448 p.
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 07 ISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES; AIR POLLUTION; BROMINE 82; COPPER 64; COPPER OXIDES; CRYSTALS; DETECTION; EMISSION; GOLD 198; HALF-LIFE; METHYL BROMIDE; PARTICLES; POWDERS; VENTILATION
OSTI ID:
22173508
Research Organizations:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)
Country of Origin:
IAEA
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ISSN 0074-1884; TRN: XA13M4249127965
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 343-355
Announcement Date:
Dec 16, 2013

Citation Formats

Watt, J. S. Some Recent Applications of Short Half-Life Radioisotopes in Australia; Quelques Applications Recentes des Radioisotopes a Courte Periode En Australie; НОВЕЙШИЕ СПОСОБЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В АВСТРАЛИИ КОРОТКОЯИВУЩИХ РАДИОИЗОТОПОВ; Algunas Recientes Aplicaciones de los Radioisotopos de Periodo Corto en Australia. IAEA: N. p., 1963. Web.
Watt, J. S. Some Recent Applications of Short Half-Life Radioisotopes in Australia; Quelques Applications Recentes des Radioisotopes a Courte Periode En Australie; НОВЕЙШИЕ СПОСОБЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В АВСТРАЛИИ КОРОТКОЯИВУЩИХ РАДИОИЗОТОПОВ; Algunas Recientes Aplicaciones de los Radioisotopos de Periodo Corto en Australia. IAEA.
Watt, J. S. 1963. "Some Recent Applications of Short Half-Life Radioisotopes in Australia; Quelques Applications Recentes des Radioisotopes a Courte Periode En Australie; НОВЕЙШИЕ СПОСОБЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В АВСТРАЛИИ КОРОТКОЯИВУЩИХ РАДИОИЗОТОПОВ; Algunas Recientes Aplicaciones de los Radioisotopos de Periodo Corto en Australia." IAEA.
@misc{etde_22173508,
title = {Some Recent Applications of Short Half-Life Radioisotopes in Australia; Quelques Applications Recentes des Radioisotopes a Courte Periode En Australie; НОВЕЙШИЕ СПОСОБЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В АВСТРАЛИИ КОРОТКОЯИВУЩИХ РАДИОИЗОТОПОВ; Algunas Recientes Aplicaciones de los Radioisotopos de Periodo Corto en Australia}
author = {Watt, J. S.}
abstractNote = {This paper describes the use of short-lived radioisotopes in some of the field investigations recently carried out by the Isotope Division of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission. A radioisotope technique is being developed to trace air movements in clouds, principally for use in experiments related to cloud seeding. In a series of ten experiments, various quantities up to 2 c of copper-64 as finely particulate CuO have been released from an aircraft and traced by detecting, with a large crystal scintillometer, the {gamma}-rays emitted by the CuO distributed about the aircraft. A novel feature of the method is that, not only is the amount of radioactivity about the aircraft measured, but also the directional location of the source of radiation. This enables the navigation of the aircraft towards the centre of the radioactivity. A technique is being developed for large-scale ventilation and air pollution studies. Small amounts of copper-64, either as CuO powder or as copper adsorbed on particles, would be released and collected on filter paper using a high-speed air sampler. Experiments show that excellent discrimination against natural airborne radioactivity is obtained by using {gamma}-{gamma} coincidence techniques for detecting the copper-64 positron annihilation pair. The minimum detection level is about 1 x 10{sup -18} c Cu{sup 64}/cm{sup 3} of air. A method for detection of leaks in town gas distribution systems is described. About 500 {mu}c of bromine-82 labelled methyl bromide is used to test for leaks in the individual services between the gas main and meter, and a feature of the method is that most of the radioactive gas is withdrawn after the test and can be used again. Finally, experiments are briefly described in which gold-198 was used to trace silt, effluent and water movement. (author) [French] L'auteur decrit diverses recherches au moyen des radioisotopes a courte periode entreprises recemment par la Division des isotopes de la Commission australienne de l'energie atomique. On met au point une methode radioisotopique permettant de suivre les mouvements de l'air dans les nuages, principalement aux fins d'experiences de formation artificielle de nuages. Dans ce cadre d'une serie de dix experiences, on a lache d'un aeronef diverses quantites de cuivre-64, sous forme de particules fines de CuO, d'une activite allant jusqu'a 2 c et on les a suivies par detection, au moyen d'un scintillometre a cristal, des rayons gamma emis par CuO. La particularite de cette methode est qu'elle permet, non seulement de mesurer la radioactivite autour de l'aeronef, mais encore de determiner dans quelle direction se trouve la source de rayonnements. Ceci permet a l'aeronef de naviguer vers le centre de la radioactivite. On met au point une methode applicable aux recherches sur la ventilation et sur la pollution de l'air. De petites quantites de cuivre-64 sous forme de CuO en poudre ou de cuivre adsorbe par des particules seraient liberees par une cheminee et recueillies sur un papier filtre a l'aide d'un echantillonneur d'air fonctionnant a grande vitesse. Les experiences montrent qu'il est tres facile de distinguer la radioactivite naturelle de l'air si l'on utilise un compteur a coiencidence {gamma}-{gamma} pour detecter la paire de gammas provenant de l'annihilation positon-electron du cuivre-64. Le seuil de detection est d'environ 1 * 10{sup -18} c de cuivre-64 par centimetre cube d'air. L'auteur decrit egalement un procede de detection des fuites dans les canalisations de distribution du gaz de ville. On emploie environ 500 mc de bromure de methyle marque au brome-82 pour deceler les fuites entre les canalisations principales et les compteurs; la particularite de ce procede est que l'on peut recuperer la plus grande partie du gaz radioactif apres l'essai et le reutiliser. Enfin, l'auteur decrit brievement plusieurs experiences dans lesquelles on a utilise de l'or-198 pour suivre les deplacements des sediments, des effluents et de l'eau. (author) [Spanish] La memoria describe el empleo de radioisotopos de periodo corto en algunas de las investigaciones sobre el terreno que recientemente ha realizado la Division de Isotopos de la Comision de Energia Atomica de Australia. Se esta estudiando una tecnica radioisotopica para seguir los desplazamientos del aire en las nubes; dicha tecnica se empleara principalmente en experimentos sobre siembra de nubes con sustancias que provocan la lluvia. En una serie de diez experimentos, se lanzaron desde un avion cantidades de hasta 2 c de cobre-64 en forma de CuO finamente dividido, cuyo desplazamiento se observo detectando con un contador de centelleo de cristal de grandes dimensiones las radiaciones gamma emitidas por el CuO distribuido en tomo al avion. Una novedad del metodo consiste en que notolo mide la radiactividad, sino tambien la direccion en que esta situada la fuente de radiaciones. Esto permite orientar al avion hacia el foco de la radiactividad. Se esta estudiando una tecnica para investigar la contaminacion del aire y metodos de ventilacion en gran escala. Para ello, se liberaran pequenas cantidades de cobre-64, sea en forma de polvo de CuO o de cobre adsorbido en particulas, y se recogeran en papel de filtro, utilizando un aparato para tomar muestras de aire a gran velocidad. Los experimentos demuestran que se logra una discriminacion perfecta con respecto a la radiactividad natural del aire empleando tecnicas de coincidencia {gamma}-{gamma} para detectar el par que se produce por la aniquilacion positron-electron del cobre-64. La concentracion minima detectable es del orden de los 1 * 10{sup -18} c de cobre-64 por cm{sup 3} de aire. Se describe un metodo para localizar escapes de gas en la red de distribucion urbana. Los escapes en ramales individuales entre la tuberia principal y el contador se detectan con unos-500 pe de bromuro de metilo marcado con bromo-82, y una peculiaridad del metodo es que permite recuperar casi todo el gas radiactivo para volver a utilizarlo. Por ultimo, se describen brevemente experimentos en los que se utilizo oro-198 como indicador para sedimentos, efluentes y movimiento de aguas. (author) [Russian] V stat'e opisi- vaetsja primenenie korotkozhivushhih radioizotopov v nekotoryh oblastjah issledovanij, provedennyh nedavno Otdelom izotopov Komissii po atomnoj jenergii Avstralii. Razrabatyvaetsja radioijeotopnyj metod dlja nabljudenija za dvizheniem vozduha v oblakah, osobenno dlja ispol'zovanija v opytah' svjazannyh s rassejaniem oblakov. V serii iz desjati opytov byli vypushheny iz samoleta razlichnye kolichestva radioizotopa med'-64 (do 2 kjuri) v vide mel'chajshih chastic SiO i s pomoshh'ju bol'shogo kristallicheskogo scintillometra proslezheny u-luchi, ispuskaemye chasticami SiO, raspredeljavshimisja okolo samoleta. Novoj osobennost'ju jetogo metoda javljaetsja to, chto izmerjalsja ne tol'ko uroven' radioaktivnosti okolo samoletov, no i napravlennoe raspolozhenie iotochnika radiacii. Jeto delaet vozmozhnym navigaciju samoleta v napravlenii centra radioaktivnosti. Razrabatyvaetsja metod osushhestvlenija ventiljacii v bol'shih masshtabah i izuchenija zagrjaznennosti vozduha. Nebol'shie kolichestva medi-64 v vide poroshka SiO ili medi, adsorbirovannoj na chasticah, budut vypushheny i sobrany na fil'troval'noj bumage s ispol'zovaniem bystrodejstvujushhego probootbornika doja vozduha. Opyty pokazyvajut, chto prevoshodnym sposobom obnaruzhenija estestvennoj radioaktivnosti v vozduhe javljaetsja ispol'zovanie metodov {gamma}-{gamma} sovpadenij dlja obnaruzhenija annigiljacii oozitronnoj pary medi-64. Uroven' minimal'nogo obnaruzhenija sostavljaet okolo 1 * 10{sup -18} hv kjuri medi-64 v 1 sm3 vozduha. Opisyvaetsja metod obnaruzhenija utechek v sistemah raspredelenija gaza v gorodah. Dlja kontrolja utechek v otdel'nyh sluzhbah mezhdu gazovoj magistral'ju i izmeritel'nym priborom ispol'zuetsja okolo 500 millikjuri bromistogo metila, mechennogo bromom-82; osobennost' jetogo metoda sostoit v tom, chto bol'shaja chast' radioaktivnogo gaza udaljaetsja posle ispytanij i mozhet byt' ispol'zovana snova. Nakonec, kratko opisyvaetsja ispol'zovanie zolota-198 dlja nabljudenija peremeshhenij nanosov jeffljuentov i vody. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1963}
month = {Mar}
}