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Some Applications of Short-Lived Radioisotopes in the Study of Metals; Applications Diverses des Radioelements de Courte Periode dans l'Etude des Metaux; РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОРОТКОЖИВУЩИХ РАДИОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПРИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ МЕТАЛЛОВ; Aplicaciones de los Radioelementos de Periodo Corto en el Estudio de los Metales

Abstract

Some typical applications of short-lived radioisotopes in various metallurgical investigations are described. A simple method of activation analysis has been designed for determining the amount of lanthanum in steels, to which mischmetall had been added during melting. A study was carried out to determine the behaviour of arsenic, present in small amounts, during the oxidation of iron. The enrichment of arsenic at the metal-oxide interface was first shown by autoradiography. A quantitative study of the phenomenon was then made on oxidized samples irradiated in a nuclear reactor, by dissolving successive layers several microns thick. By this means it was possible to see that the arsenic concentrates itself at the surface of the metal where its content may be as high as 30 or 40 times the initial concentration in the alloy. Research on the growth of metallic crystals was carried out by autoradiography. This was possible because the content of an alloying element in the crystals is lower than its content in the melt from which the crystals are growing. Samples of 2% copper-aluminium alloys were melted, slowly cooled, then quenched during the course of solidification. It was thus possible to show the shape of the crystals at various stages  More>>
Authors:
Kohn, A. [1] 
  1. Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie, Saint-Germain-en-Laye (France)
Publication Date:
Mar 15, 1963
Product Type:
Conference
Resource Relation:
Conference: Seminar on the Practical Applications of Short-Lived Radioisotopes Produced in Small Research Reactors, Vienna (Austria), 5-9 Nov 1962; Other Information: 6 refs., 2 tabs.; Related Information: In: Production and Use of Short-Lived Radioisotopes from Reactors Vol. I. Proceedings of a Seminar on the Practical Applications of Short-Lived Radioisotopes Produced in Small Research Reactors| 448 p.
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 07 ISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES; ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; ALUMINIUM ALLOYS; ARSENIC; COPPER; CRYSTALS; GOLD; INTERFACES; IRON; IRRADIATION; LANTHANUM; OXIDATION; SOLIDIFICATION; SURFACES; THERMOCOUPLES
OSTI ID:
22173505
Research Organizations:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)
Country of Origin:
IAEA
Language:
French
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ISSN 0074-1884; TRN: XA13M4246127962
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 285-303
Announcement Date:
Dec 16, 2013

Citation Formats

Kohn, A. Some Applications of Short-Lived Radioisotopes in the Study of Metals; Applications Diverses des Radioelements de Courte Periode dans l'Etude des Metaux; РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОРОТКОЖИВУЩИХ РАДИОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПРИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ МЕТАЛЛОВ; Aplicaciones de los Radioelementos de Periodo Corto en el Estudio de los Metales. IAEA: N. p., 1963. Web.
Kohn, A. Some Applications of Short-Lived Radioisotopes in the Study of Metals; Applications Diverses des Radioelements de Courte Periode dans l'Etude des Metaux; РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОРОТКОЖИВУЩИХ РАДИОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПРИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ МЕТАЛЛОВ; Aplicaciones de los Radioelementos de Periodo Corto en el Estudio de los Metales. IAEA.
Kohn, A. 1963. "Some Applications of Short-Lived Radioisotopes in the Study of Metals; Applications Diverses des Radioelements de Courte Periode dans l'Etude des Metaux; РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОРОТКОЖИВУЩИХ РАДИОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПРИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ МЕТАЛЛОВ; Aplicaciones de los Radioelementos de Periodo Corto en el Estudio de los Metales." IAEA.
@misc{etde_22173505,
title = {Some Applications of Short-Lived Radioisotopes in the Study of Metals; Applications Diverses des Radioelements de Courte Periode dans l'Etude des Metaux; РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОРОТКОЖИВУЩИХ РАДИОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПРИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ МЕТАЛЛОВ; Aplicaciones de los Radioelementos de Periodo Corto en el Estudio de los Metales}
author = {Kohn, A.}
abstractNote = {Some typical applications of short-lived radioisotopes in various metallurgical investigations are described. A simple method of activation analysis has been designed for determining the amount of lanthanum in steels, to which mischmetall had been added during melting. A study was carried out to determine the behaviour of arsenic, present in small amounts, during the oxidation of iron. The enrichment of arsenic at the metal-oxide interface was first shown by autoradiography. A quantitative study of the phenomenon was then made on oxidized samples irradiated in a nuclear reactor, by dissolving successive layers several microns thick. By this means it was possible to see that the arsenic concentrates itself at the surface of the metal where its content may be as high as 30 or 40 times the initial concentration in the alloy. Research on the growth of metallic crystals was carried out by autoradiography. This was possible because the content of an alloying element in the crystals is lower than its content in the melt from which the crystals are growing. Samples of 2% copper-aluminium alloys were melted, slowly cooled, then quenched during the course of solidification. It was thus possible to show the shape of the crystals at various stages of their growth and to relate this to the temperature of the alloy as measured by a thermocouple. An examination was made of convection currents inside large forge ingots. The purpose of this investigation was to confirm the existence of important convection currents inside large steel ingots for forgings, as they solidify. The tests were carried out by introducing a small amount of gold-198 at various times after pouring, in ingots of 4 t and of 30 to 60 t. It was possible to see that in large ingots the convection currents were sufficiently strong one hour after pouring to mix the gold through a large volume of the ingot. (author) [French] Ce memoire se propose de presenter quelques applications typiques des radioelements de courte periode pour des etudes de natures diverses effectuees sur les metaux. Une technique simple d'analyse par activation a ete mise au point pour doser le lanthane dans des aciers ayant recu une faible addition de mischmetall au cours de leur fusion. Une etude se proposait d'examiner comment se comportaient les faibles quantites d'arsenic presentes dans le fer au cours de l'oxydation de ce metal. Un enrichissement important de l'arsenic a l'interface du metal et de l'oxyde a tout d'abord ete mis en evidence par autoradiographie. Grace a l'emploi d'une technique consistant a activer les echantillons oxydes dans un reacteur nucleaire et a dissoudre des couches successives de quelques microns d'epaisseur, il a ete possible d'etudier quantitativement le phenomene. On a pu ainsi verifier que l'arsenic se concentrait dans le metal, au voisinage de l'interface, ou sa concentration pouvait atteindre 30 a 40 fois la teneur initiale de l'alliage. L'etude de la croissance des cristaux metalliques a ete realisee par autoradiographie en utilisant le fait que le solide est plus pauvre en elements d'alliage que le liquide a partir duquel il prend naissance. Elle a porte sur des alliages aluminium-cuivre refroidis lentement, puis trempes en cours de solidification; elle a permis de mettre en evidence la configuration des cristaux metalliques a divers stades de leur croissance, et de relier la progression de la solidification a la variation de temperature de l'alliage, mesuree par un thermo* couple. L'etude des courants de convection dans les gros lingots de forge avait pour but de confirmer l'existence de courants de convection importants dans les lingots de forge. Les essais ont ete realises en introduisant une petite quantite d'or-198 a divers moments apres la fin de la coulee dans des lingots de 4 t ainsi que dans des lingots de 30 a 60 t. On a pu voir qu'une partie importante de ces gros lingots etait encore le siege de courants de convection suffisants, pour repartir l'or dans un volume important du lingot une heure apres la fin de la coulee. (author) [Spanish] La memoria expone algunas aplicaciones tipicas de los radioelementos de periodo corto en diversos tipos de estudios metalograficos. Se ha desarrollado una tecnica sencilla de analisis por activacion que permite determinar el lantano en los aceros a los que se ha anadido una pequena cantidad de mischmetall durante la fusion. Se ha estudiado el comportamiento de pequenas cantidades de arsenico presentes en el hierro durante la oxidacion de este metal y se ha comprobado por autorradiograffa que el arsenico se concentra notablemente en la interfaz metal-oxido. Mediante una tecnica que consiste en activar las muestras oxidadas en un reactor nuclear y disolver capas sucesivas de algunas mieras de espesor, el fenomeno se ha podido estudiar cuantitativamente. Asi se ha comprobado que el arsenico se concentra en las proximidades de la superficie de los granos metalicos, alcanzando hasta 30 o 40 veces la concentracion media inicial correspondiente a la aleacion. Se ha realizado un estudio del crecimiento de los cristales metalicos por autorradiograffa aprovechando el hecho que el solido es mas pobre en elementos aleados que el liquido a partir del cual los cristales se forman. Se han estudiado aleaciones aluminio-cobre enfriadas lentamente y templadas durante la solidificacion, lo cual permitio poner en evidencia la configuracion de los cristales metalicos en diversas etapas de su crecimiento, y establecer la relacion que existe entre el progreso de la solidificacion y las variaciones de temperatura de la aleacion, medidas mediante un termopar. Finalmente, se han estudiado las corrientes de conveccion en lingotes de forja de grandes dimensiones. La finalidad de este trabajo era confirmar que en los lingotes de forja se producen fuertes corrientes de conveccion. Los ensayos se realizaron introduciendo una pequena cantidad de oro-198 radiactivo en lingotes de 4t y en lingotes de 30 a 60 t en diversos momentos despues de la colada. En muchos de estos lingotes, se registraron corrientes de conveccion de intensidad suficiente para distribuir el oro por gran parte del volumen del lingote una hora despues de terminada la colada. (author) [Russian] V jetom doklade izlagaetsja nekotorye tipichnye vidy primenenija korotkozhivushhih radiojelementov pri issledovanii metallov. Razrabotan prostoj metod aktivacionnogo analiza dlja opredelenija soderhanija lantana v razlichnyh markah stali, k kotoroj vo vremja plavki dobavljaetsja neznachitel'noe kolichestvo neochishhennoj smesi redkozemel'nyh jelementov. Issledovalos' povedenie mysh'jaka v period okislenija zheleza s cel'ju izuchit', kak vedut sebja neznachitel'nye kolichestva soderzhashhegosja v zheleze mysh'jaka v jetot period. S pomoshh'ju avtoradiografii bylo ustanovleno prezhde vsego znachitel'noe obogashhenie mysh'jakom poverhnosti razdela metall-okis'. V rezul'tate primenenija metoda, zakljuchajushhegosja v aktivirovanii okislennyh obrazcov v jader- nom reaktore i rastvorenii obrazujushhihsja sloev tolshhinoj v neskol'ko mikron, predstavilos' vozmozhnym izuchit' dannoe javlenie v kachestvennom otnoshenii. Udalos' proverit', chto mysh'jak koncentriruetsja v metalle rjadom s poverhnost'ju razdela, gde ego koncentracija mozhet v 30 - 40 raz prevyshat' pervonachal'noe soderzhanie primesi. S pomoshh'ju avtoradiografii issledovalsja prirost metallicheskih kristallov, s uchetom togo, chto tverdoe telo bolee bedno legirujushhimi jelementami po sravneniju s rasplavom, iz kotorogo ono obrazuetsja. Jeto issledovanie kasalos' medlenno ohlazhdaemyh splavov alljuminija i medi, kotorye zatem poluchali zakalku v processe zatverdenija. Issledovanie pozvolilo vyjavit' konfiguraciju metallicheskih kristallov na razlichnyh stadijah ih prirosta i ustanovit' zavisimost' processa zatverdenija ot izmenenija temperatury splava, izmerjaemoj s pomoshh'ju termopary. Izuchenie konvektivnyh tokov v bol'shih slitkah dlja pokovki imelo cel'ju podtverdit' nalichie znachitel'nyh konvektivnyh tokov v slitkah dlja pokovki. Opyty byli postavleny sledujushhim obrazom. V razlichnye periody vremeni posle plavki v slitki vesom 4 t, a takzhe v slitki vesom 30 - 60 t vvodilos' radioaktivnoe zoloto-198 v neznachitel'nyh kolichestvah. Mozhno bylo zametit', chto znachitel'naja chast' jetih bol'shih slitkov prodolzhala ostavat'sja ohvachennoj konvektivnymi tokami, dostatochno sil'nymi dlja togo, chtoby raspredelit' zoloto v bol'shom po ob{sup e}mu slitke spustja chas posle okonchanija plavki. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1963}
month = {Mar}
}