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Biological Effects of Thermal Neutrons and the B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7} reaction; Effets Biologiques des Neutrons Thermiques et la Reaction {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li; Biologicheskoe dejstvie teplovykh nejtronov i reaktsiya B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7}; Efectos Biologicos de los Neutrones Termicos y la Reaccion {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li

Abstract

Irradiation of animals with thermal neutrons from the Medical Research Reactor (MRR) produces tissue effects which result from the gamma- and particulate-radiations arising from thermal-neutron capture by elements in tissue and shielding materials, and from gamma-radiation and fast neutrons from the fission process in the reactor core. The overall results from thermal-neutron irradiation are a function of the incident nvt. Because the thermal neutron flux decreases rapidly in tissue (HVL {approx_equal} 8 cm), large doses have to be incident on the suriace to ensure an adequate dose at depth. Consequently reactions of lung, gut, bone marrow and mucosa are attributed largely to the gamma-irradiation from thermal-neutron capture in the overlying tissue. Irradiation of dogs heads with an nvt of 1.4 x 10{sup 14}/cm{sup 2} results in epilation, erythema and moist desquamation with an accompanying haematological depression. However, recovery of the bone marrow and healing of the skin occurs in 25 to 30 days. When irradiated with an nvt of 5 x 10{sup 13}n/cm{sup 2} 30 min following intravenous injection of 35 mg/kg of boron-10 (B{sup 10}), the animals show a necrotizing epidermitis, scalp oedema, and conjunctivitis. The brain shows capillary haemorrhages and stasis with neutronal and astrocyte damage and alteration  More>>
Authors:
Archambeau, J. O.; Alcober, V.; Calvo, W. G.; Brenneis, H. [1] 
  1. Medical Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY (United States)
Publication Date:
May 15, 1964
Product Type:
Conference
Report Number:
IAEA-SM-44/20
Resource Relation:
Conference: Symposium on Biological Effects of Neutron Irradiations, Upton, NY (United States), 7-11 Dec 1963; Other Information: 14 refs., 4 figs., 5 tabs.; Related Information: In: Biological Effects of Neutron and Proton Irradiations. Vol. II. Proceedings of the Symposium on Biological Effects of Neutron Irradiations| 460 p.
Subject:
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGANISMS AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; ALPHA PARTICLES; BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS; BONE MARROW; BORON 10 TARGET; BRAIN; CAPILLARIES; CONJUNCTIVITIS; DOGS; ENDOTHELIUM; EPILATION; ERYTHEMA; FAST NEUTRONS; GAMMA RADIATION; HEALING; HEMORRHAGE; INTRAVENOUS INJECTION; IRRADIATION; LITHIUM 7; LUNGS; MUCOUS MEMBRANES; NEUTRON BEAMS; NEUTRON REACTIONS; RADIATION DOSES; REACTOR CORES; SHIELDING MATERIALS; SKIN; SWINE; THERMAL NEUTRONS
OSTI ID:
22141855
Research Organizations:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)
Country of Origin:
IAEA
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ISSN 0074-1884; TRN: XA13M3457096456
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 55-70
Announcement Date:
Oct 24, 2013

Citation Formats

Archambeau, J. O., Alcober, V., Calvo, W. G., and Brenneis, H. Biological Effects of Thermal Neutrons and the B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7} reaction; Effets Biologiques des Neutrons Thermiques et la Reaction {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li; Biologicheskoe dejstvie teplovykh nejtronov i reaktsiya B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7}; Efectos Biologicos de los Neutrones Termicos y la Reaccion {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li. IAEA: N. p., 1964. Web.
Archambeau, J. O., Alcober, V., Calvo, W. G., & Brenneis, H. Biological Effects of Thermal Neutrons and the B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7} reaction; Effets Biologiques des Neutrons Thermiques et la Reaction {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li; Biologicheskoe dejstvie teplovykh nejtronov i reaktsiya B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7}; Efectos Biologicos de los Neutrones Termicos y la Reaccion {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li. IAEA.
Archambeau, J. O., Alcober, V., Calvo, W. G., and Brenneis, H. 1964. "Biological Effects of Thermal Neutrons and the B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7} reaction; Effets Biologiques des Neutrons Thermiques et la Reaction {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li; Biologicheskoe dejstvie teplovykh nejtronov i reaktsiya B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7}; Efectos Biologicos de los Neutrones Termicos y la Reaccion {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li." IAEA.
@misc{etde_22141855,
title = {Biological Effects of Thermal Neutrons and the B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7} reaction; Effets Biologiques des Neutrons Thermiques et la Reaction {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li; Biologicheskoe dejstvie teplovykh nejtronov i reaktsiya B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7}; Efectos Biologicos de los Neutrones Termicos y la Reaccion {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li}
author = {Archambeau, J. O., Alcober, V., Calvo, W. G., and Brenneis, H.}
abstractNote = {Irradiation of animals with thermal neutrons from the Medical Research Reactor (MRR) produces tissue effects which result from the gamma- and particulate-radiations arising from thermal-neutron capture by elements in tissue and shielding materials, and from gamma-radiation and fast neutrons from the fission process in the reactor core. The overall results from thermal-neutron irradiation are a function of the incident nvt. Because the thermal neutron flux decreases rapidly in tissue (HVL {approx_equal} 8 cm), large doses have to be incident on the suriace to ensure an adequate dose at depth. Consequently reactions of lung, gut, bone marrow and mucosa are attributed largely to the gamma-irradiation from thermal-neutron capture in the overlying tissue. Irradiation of dogs heads with an nvt of 1.4 x 10{sup 14}/cm{sup 2} results in epilation, erythema and moist desquamation with an accompanying haematological depression. However, recovery of the bone marrow and healing of the skin occurs in 25 to 30 days. When irradiated with an nvt of 5 x 10{sup 13}n/cm{sup 2} 30 min following intravenous injection of 35 mg/kg of boron-10 (B{sup 10}), the animals show a necrotizing epidermitis, scalp oedema, and conjunctivitis. The brain shows capillary haemorrhages and stasis with neutronal and astrocyte damage and alteration of the capillary endothelium. A marked platelet depression ensues which aggravates the local changes. The animals die from haemorrhage and/or cerebral damage on the fifth to ninth day following irradiation. The effects are attributed to both the gamma-irradiation and the alpha-irradiation produced from the neutron capture of boron B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7}. Irradiation of pig's skin with an nvt of 5 x 10{sup 12} n/cm{sup 2} produces no histological change. When the skin is irradiated with the same nvt following intravenous injection of 35 mg/kg of boron-10, a classic radioepidermitis is produced which heals in 36 to 40 days. Fractionation of the total nvt into eight applications over 12 days does not reduce the severity of the reaction as it does with gamma-irradiation. This effect is attributed primarily to the alpha-particle irradiation from the thermal-neutron capture of boron-10. (author) [French] En exposant des animaux aux neutrons thermiques du Reacteur de recherches medicales, on constate dans les tissus des effets qui sont dus aux rayons gamma et aux rayonnements corpusculaires emis lors de la capture des neutrons thermiques par des elements du tissu et des matieres de protection, ainsi qu'aux rayons gamma et aux neutrons rapides provenant du processus de fission dans le coeur du reacteur. L' e ffe t globa l de l ' irradiation par les neutrons thermiques est fonction du nombre de neutrons incidents par centimetre carre et par unite de temps. Comme le flux de neutrons thermique decroit rapidement dans le tissue (couche de demi-attenuation Approximately-Equal-To 8 cm), il faut que les doses incidentes a la suriace soient elev ees pour obtenir une dose profonde suffisante. C 'est pourquoi les reactions des poumons, des intestins, de la moelle osseuse et des muqueuses sont essentiellement attribuees aux rayons gamma provenant de la capture de neutrons thermiques dans les couches superficielles du tissu. En exposant la tete d' un chien a un flux de 1.4 x 10{sup 14}/cm{sup 2}, on constate une chute de poils, un erytheme et une desquamation humide, ces symptomes etant accompagnes d'une deficience hematologique. Cependant, la restauration de la moelle osseuse et la guerison de la peau s' operent dans l'espace de 25 a 30 j. Chez les animaux exposes a un flux de 5 x 10{sup 13} n/cm{sup 2}, 30 min apres une injection intraveineuse de 35 mg de {sup 10}B/kg de matiere vivante, on observe une epidermite qui tend a se necroser, des oedemes de la peau du crane et une conjonctivite. Le cerveau est le siege d'hemorragies et de stagnations dans les vaisseaux capillaires, accompagnees de lesions au niveau des neutrons et astrocytes et d'une alteration de l ' endothelium des capillaires. Il en resulte une deficience marquee en plaquettes, qui vient aggraver les alterations locales. Les animaux meurent d'une hemorragie et/ou d'une lesion du cerveau entre le cinquieme et le neuvieme jour apres l'expo sition. Ces effets sont attribues aux rayons gamma et aux particules alpha produits lors de la capture des neutrons par le bore {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li. L'exposition de la peau d'un porc a un flux de 5 x 10{sup 12} n/cm{sup 2} ne provoque aucune modification histologique. Lorsque la peau est irradiee par ce meme flux apres une injection intraveineuse de 35 mg de {sup 10}B/kg de matiere vivante, on constate une radioepidermite classique, qui guerit dans l'espace de 36 a 40 j. Le fractionnement du flux total en huit expositions reparties sur 12 j ne diminue pas la gravite de la reaction, comme c'est le cas pour une irradiation par les rayons gamma. Cet effet est attribue essentiellement a l'action des particules alpha provenant de la capture des neutrons thermiques par le bore. (author) [Spanish] U irradiacion de animales con neutrones termicos procedentes del reactor de investigacion medica (MRR) produce en los tejidos efectos derivados de las radiaciones gamma y otras particulas liberadas en la captura de los neutrones termicos por los elementos del tejido y los materiales protectores, asi como de las radiaciones gamma y los neutrones rapidos generados en el proceso de fision en el cuerpo del reactor. Los resultados globales de la irradiacion con neutrones termicos son funcion del flujo incidente nvt. Como el flujo de neutrones termicos decrece rapidamente dentro del tejido (capa semirreductorasl Approximately-Equal-To 8 cm), las dosis que inciden sobre la superficie deben ser grandes a fin de que la dosis profunda sea suficiente. Las reacciones consecutivas en el pulmon, el intestino, la medula osea y las mucosas se atribuyen principalmente al efe cto de los rayos gamma originados por la captura de neutrones termicos en el tejido de recubrimiento. La irradiacion de la cabeza de un perro con un flujo nvt de 1,4 x 10{sup 14} n/cm{sup 2} provoca depilacion, eritema y escamacion humeda, con una depresion hematologica concomitante. Sin embargo, a los 25 o 30 dias se observa un restablecimiento de la medula osea y una normalizacion d el estado de la piel. Sometiendo a los animales a una irradiacion con un nvt igual a 5 x 10{sup 13} n/cm{sup 2} 30 min despues de administrar por via intravenosa 35 mg/kg de boro-10, se observa una epidermitis necrotizante, un edema del cuero cabelludo y una conjuntivitis. El cerebro presenta hemorragias capilares y estasis, con lesiones de las neuronas y astrocitos, asi como alteraciones del endotelio capilar. A continuacion, se observa una pronunciada disminucion del numero de plaquetas, que agrava las alteraciones locales. Los animales mueren a raiz de hemorragias y/o lesiones cerebrales entre el quinto y el noveno dias a contar de la irradiacion. Los efectos se atribuyen tanto a los rayos gamma como a las particulas alfa producidas por la captura de neutrones por el boro {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li. La irradiacion de la piel del cerdo con un tlujo nvt de 5 x 10{sup 12} n/cm{sup 2} no produce alteraciones histologicas. En cambio, irradiando la p iel con el mismo nvt despues de una inyeccion intravenosa de 35 mg/kg de boro-10, se provoca una radioepidermitis de tipo clasico, que se cura a los 36 o 40 dias. Fraccionando el nvt total en 8 aplicaciones en un periodo de 12 dias no se reduce la gravedad de la reaccion como ocurre en el caso de los rayos gamma. Este efecto se atribuye principalmente a la irradiacion por particulas a lfa formadas a raiz de la captura de neutrones termicos por el boro-10. (author) [Russian] Obluchenie zhivotnyh teplovymi nejtronami, poluchaemymi v medicinskom issledovatel'skom reaktore, privodit k tkanevym izmenenijam, javljajushhimsja rezul'tatom korpuskuljarnogo i gamma-izluchenija, pojavljajushhegosja pri zahvate teplovyh nejtronov jelementami tkani i jekranirujushhih materialov, a takzhe gamma-izluchenija i obluchenija bystrymi nejtronami, pojavljajushhimisja pri processah delenija v aktivnoj zone reaktora. Konechnyj rezul'tat obluchenija teplovymi nejtronami javljaetsja funkciej padajushhego potoka nejtronov. Poskol'ku plotnost' potoka teplovyh nejtronov v tkani bystro padaet (sloj polovinnogo pogloshhenija Approximately-Equal-To 1,8 sm), dlja obespechenija vysokih doz v glubine na poverhnost' dolzhny popadat' bol'shie dozy. Pojetomu reakcii legkih, kishechnika, kostnogo mozga i slizistoj obolochki zavisjat glavnym obrazom, ot gamma-obluchenija v rezul'tate zahvata nejtronov vyshelezhashhimi tkanjami. Obluchenie golovy u sobak pri nejtronnom potoke 1.4 x 10{sup 14}/cm{sup 2} privodit k jepiljacii, jeriteme i vlazhnoj deskvamacii s soputstvujushhim ugneteniem krovotvorenija. Odnako v techenie 25-30 dnej na''ljudaetsja vosstanovlenie dejatel'nosti kostnogo mozga i izlechenie kozhnyh porazhenij. Pri nejtronnom obluchenii zhivotnyh 5 x 10{sup 13} n/cm{sup 2} cherez 30 minut posle vnutrivennogo vvedenija 35 mg/kg bora-10 u zhivotnyh nabljudaetsja nekroticheskij jepidermit, otek kozhi golovy i kon{sup j}unktivit. B mozgu obnaruzhivajutsja kapiljarnye krovoizlijanija i staz s povrezhdeniem nejtronov i astrocitov i narusheniem jendotileja kapilljarov. Znachitel'no umen'shaetsja chislo trombocitov, kotoroe usugubljaet mestnye izmenenija. Zhivotnye pogibajut ot krovotechenij i/ili mozgovyh narushenij na 5 -8-j den' posle obluchenija. Jeti jeffekty svjazyvajut kak s gamma- tak i s al'fa-oblucheniem, voznikajushhim pri zahvate nejtronov borom (B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7}). Obluchenie kozhi svinej pri 5 x 10{sup 12} n/cm{sup 2} ne privodit k gistologicheskim izmenenijam. Pri obluchenii kozhi posle vnutrivennogo vvedenija 35 mg/kg bora-10 pri takoj zhe moshhnosti nejtronnogo potoka razvivaetsja klassicheskij radio-jepidermit, izlechivajushhijsja cherez36 -40 dnej. Frakcionirovanie obshhego obluchenija (8 applikacij cherez 12 dnej kazhdaja) ne umen'shaet tjazhesti reakcii, kak jeto byvaet pri gamma-obluchenii. Jetot jeffekt svjazyvajut, glavnym obrazom, s obluchenijami al'fa-chasticami, pojavljajushhimisja pri zahvate teplovyh nej- tronov borom-10. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1964}
month = {May}
}