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Clinical Photoscintillography: Technique and Applications; Photoscintigraphie Clinique: Methode et Applications; Klinicheskaya fotostsintillografiya: metodika i primenenie; Fotocentelleografia Clinica: Tecnicas y Aplicaciones

Abstract

For clinical applications of photoscintillography, collimation, contrast-amplification and data storing are of great importance. For the detection of space-occupying lesions in thick organs such as liver and brain, a special 36-channel multifocus collimator was developed. The isoresponse lines of this collimator are shown. Its response hardly changes from the surface to a depth equal to the thickest part of the liver. A special contrast-amplifier was built: a small incandescent ''primary'' bulb, triggered via a pulseamplifier by the output of a single-channel analyser, is monitored by a light dependent resistor (L.D.R.). The resistance of the L.D.R. varies with the count rate. In series with the L.D.R. is a scanning ''secondary'' incandescent bulb. The brightness as well as the frequency of the flashes of the latter vary with the count rate and thus a non-linear response is obtained without the introduction of the inertia of a ratemeter circuit. The ''secondary'' flashes are recorded on film. To prevent loss of information by registering in the saturation region of the film-sensitivity curve, a moderate contrast-amplification is used and the film is viewed on a closed-circuit television system. The necessity is stressed of adapting the collimation to the clinical problem to be solved. Clinical applications  More>>
Authors:
Ephraim, K. H. [1] 
  1. Rotterdamsch Radio-Therapeutisch Instituut, Rotterdam (Netherlands)
Publication Date:
Oct 15, 1964
Product Type:
Conference
Report Number:
IAEA-SM-51/43
Resource Relation:
Conference: Symposium on medical radioisotope scanning, Athens (Greece), 20-24 Apr 1964; Other Information: 1 refs., 31 figs.; Related Information: In: Medical Radioisotope Scanning. Vol. I. Proceedings of the Symposium on Medical Radioisotope Scanning| 574 p.
Subject:
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE; AMPLIFICATION; AMPLIFIERS; BRAIN; COLLIMATORS; COUNTING RATES; FILMS; KIDNEYS; LIVER; MONITORS; NUCLEAR MEDICINE; RADIOISOTOPE SCANNING; SCINTILLATIONS; SENSITIVITY; SKELETON; THYROID
OSTI ID:
22127641
Research Organizations:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)
Country of Origin:
IAEA
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ISSN 0074-1884; TRN: XA13M3054082720
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 291-320
Announcement Date:
Sep 12, 2013

Citation Formats

Ephraim, K. H. Clinical Photoscintillography: Technique and Applications; Photoscintigraphie Clinique: Methode et Applications; Klinicheskaya fotostsintillografiya: metodika i primenenie; Fotocentelleografia Clinica: Tecnicas y Aplicaciones. IAEA: N. p., 1964. Web.
Ephraim, K. H. Clinical Photoscintillography: Technique and Applications; Photoscintigraphie Clinique: Methode et Applications; Klinicheskaya fotostsintillografiya: metodika i primenenie; Fotocentelleografia Clinica: Tecnicas y Aplicaciones. IAEA.
Ephraim, K. H. 1964. "Clinical Photoscintillography: Technique and Applications; Photoscintigraphie Clinique: Methode et Applications; Klinicheskaya fotostsintillografiya: metodika i primenenie; Fotocentelleografia Clinica: Tecnicas y Aplicaciones." IAEA.
@misc{etde_22127641,
title = {Clinical Photoscintillography: Technique and Applications; Photoscintigraphie Clinique: Methode et Applications; Klinicheskaya fotostsintillografiya: metodika i primenenie; Fotocentelleografia Clinica: Tecnicas y Aplicaciones}
author = {Ephraim, K. H.}
abstractNote = {For clinical applications of photoscintillography, collimation, contrast-amplification and data storing are of great importance. For the detection of space-occupying lesions in thick organs such as liver and brain, a special 36-channel multifocus collimator was developed. The isoresponse lines of this collimator are shown. Its response hardly changes from the surface to a depth equal to the thickest part of the liver. A special contrast-amplifier was built: a small incandescent ''primary'' bulb, triggered via a pulseamplifier by the output of a single-channel analyser, is monitored by a light dependent resistor (L.D.R.). The resistance of the L.D.R. varies with the count rate. In series with the L.D.R. is a scanning ''secondary'' incandescent bulb. The brightness as well as the frequency of the flashes of the latter vary with the count rate and thus a non-linear response is obtained without the introduction of the inertia of a ratemeter circuit. The ''secondary'' flashes are recorded on film. To prevent loss of information by registering in the saturation region of the film-sensitivity curve, a moderate contrast-amplification is used and the film is viewed on a closed-circuit television system. The necessity is stressed of adapting the collimation to the clinical problem to be solved. Clinical applications of the above technique in the study of diseases of the thyroid, kidneys, livei and the skeleton are discussed. (author) [French] La collimation, le renforcement du contraste et le stockage des donnees jouent un role tres important dans les applications cliniques de la photoscintigraphie. On a mis au point un collimateur special a focalisation, a 36 canaux, pour detecter les lesions en volume dans de grands organes comme le foie et le cerveau. L'auteur presente les courbes d'isoreponse de ce collimateur. La reponse varie tres peu entre la partie superficielle et la partie la plus profonde du foie. On a construit un amplificateur special de contraste: une petite lampe a incandescence 'primaire' , reliee par un amplificateur d'impulsions au signal de sortie d'un analyseur a canal unique,est controlee par une photoresistance qui varie en fonction du taux de comptage. Une lampe a incandescence ' second aire' d*exploration est montee en serie avec la photoresistance. L'intensite et la frequence des eclairs emis par la lampe ' second aire' varient avec le taux de comptage, ce qui permet d'obtenir une reponse non lineaire tout en evitant les inconvenients dus a l'inertie du circuit d'un intensimetre. Les eclairs emis par la lampe 'secondaire' sont enregistres sur un film. Afin d'eviter une perte d'informations du fait de l'enregistrement dans la region de saturation de la courbe de sensibilite du film, on utilise une amplification du contraste moderee et on projette le film sur un ecran de television en circuit ferme. L'auteur insiste sur la necessite d'adapter la collimation au probleme clinique qui se pose. Il examine les applications cliniques de la methode ci-dessus dans l 'etude des troubles de la thyroiede, des reins, du foie et des os. (author) [Spanish] Para las aplicaciones c linicas de la fotocentelleografia son de gran importancia la colimacion, el aumento del contraste y el almacenamiento de datos. Con objeto de detectar lesiones extensas en organos de gran tamano, como el hfgado y el cerebro, el autor construyo un colimador especial enfocado de 36 canales. En la memoria se presentan las curvas de isorrespuesta de este colimador. La respuesta permanece p ra c tic am en te constante desde la superficie del organo hasta la parte mas profunda. El autor construyo un amplificador especial de contraste en el que la salida de un analizador monocanal enciende a traves de un amplificador de impulsos una pequena lampara incandescente ' p rim a r ia ' , cuya luz modula una fotorresistencia. Esta resistencia varia en funcion del indice de recuento. En serie con dicha resistencia se ha conectado una lampara incandescente 'secundaria' de exploracion. La intensidad luminosa y la frecuencia de los destellos de esta ultima varian con el indice de recuento, obteniendose asi una respuesta no lineal sin introducir la inercia de un circuito integrador. Los destellos 'secundarios' se registran sobre pelicula. Para impedir la perdida de datos debido a su registro en la region de saturacion de la curva de sensibilidad de la pe licu la, se utiliza una amplificacion de contraste moderada y la pelicula se examina en un circuito de television industrial. El autor subraya la necesidad de adaptar las condiciones de colimacion al problema clinico que haya de resolverse. En la memoria se examinan las aplicaciones clinicas de esta tecnica al estudio de enfermedades tiroideas, renales, hepaticas y oseas. (author) [Russian] Pri primenenii fotoscintillografii v klinike ogromnoe znachenie imejut kollimacija, u si l e nie kontrastnosti i nakoplenie dannyh. Dlja obnaruzhenija ogranichennyh uchastkov porazhenija v takih plotnyh organah, kak pechen' i mozg , byl razrabotan special'nyj 36-kanal'nyj mnogofokusnyj kollimator. Demonstrirujutsja izochuvstvitel'nye linii jet o go kollimator a . E go chuv stvitel'nost' malo m en ja et sja ot poverhnosti do glubiny, ravnoj naibol'shej tolshhine pecheni. Byl postr oen special'nyj usilitel' kontrastnosti: nebol'shaja ''pervichnaja'' lampa nakalivanija, soedinennaja cherez impul'snyj usilitel' na vyhode odnokanal'nogo an a l i za t or a upravlja etsja s pomoshh'ju za vi sim o go ot svetareostata (ZSR). Soprotovlenie 3 SR izmenja etsja v zavisimosti ot sk or o sti . Posledovatel'no po otnosheniju k ZSR s o edinena skennirujushhaja ''vtorichnaja'' lampa nakalivanija. Jarkost', a takzhe chastota vspyshek poslednej zavisit ot skorosti scheta i tem samym nelinejnaja chuvstviteltnost' dostigaetsja b e z vvedenija inercionnogo k on tura. ''Vtorichnye'' vspyshki re gi str i rujut sja na p lenk e. S cel'ju predotvrashhenija poteri informacii pri registracii v oblasti nasyshhenija krivoj chuv stvitel'nosti plenki primenjaetsja umerennyj usilitel' k on tra stno sti , i plenka prosmatrivaetsja v televizionnoj si stem e s zakrytym konturom. Podcherkivaetsja neo b h o dimost' adaptirovanija kollimacii k reshaemoj klinicheskoj probleme. Obsuzhdajutsja rezul'taty primenenija v klinike vysheupomjanutoj metodiki dlja i zu ch e nija zabolevanij shhitovidnoj zhelezy, pochek, pecheni i skeleta . (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1964}
month = {Oct}
}