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Theory of Scanning and Imaging of Radioisotope Distributions; Theorie de la Scintigraphoe a Balayage ou Fixe; Teoriya skennirovaniya i izobrazhenie raspredeleniya radioizotopov; Teoria de la Exploracion y de la Obtencion de Imagenes de Distribuciones Radioisotopicas

Abstract

In a published paper, the author has presented a simplified basic theory of the quantitative performance characteristics of radioisotope imaging and scanning systems. A ''figure of merit'' is derived, depending partly on the instrument characteristics and partly on the methodology utilized. The factors involved in the figure of merit are: the count-rate sensitivity of the detector per unit solid angle, subtended from a resolution element, the solid angle subtended from a resolution element, the number of resolution elements viewed simultaneously, the number of resolution elements in the total field scanned or imaged, the dose concentration, the total time taken to produce an image or scan and the background count-rate. In the present presentation the basic theory is further refined and discussed to take into account factors such as ''depth-of-focus'' resolution, variable speed or variable dwell scanning, possibilities of variable or automatically variable resolution, relative resolvability of ''cold'' and ''hot'' nodules, field size and use of special radioisotopes and types of detectors. Also, a discussion is presented on the handling and processing of data arising from scanning and imaging techniques. The relative merits of background eliminators and contrast enhancement procedures such as photoscanning and colour scanning are analysed. The advantages and  More>>
Authors:
Cassen, B. [1] 
  1. Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Oct 15, 1964
Product Type:
Conference
Report Number:
IAEA-SM-51/60
Resource Relation:
Conference: Symposium on medical radioisotope scanning, Athens (Greece), 20-24 Apr 1964; Other Information: 1 ref., 7 figs.; Related Information: In: Medical Radioisotope Scanning. Vol. I. Proceedings of the Symposium on Medical Radioisotope Scanning| 574 p.
Subject:
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE; COUNTING RATES; IMAGES; NUCLEAR MEDICINE; PERFORMANCE; PROCESSING; RADIATION DOSES; RADIOISOTOPES; SENSITIVITY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; TESTING
OSTI ID:
22127629
Research Organizations:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)
Country of Origin:
IAEA
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ISSN 0074-1884; TRN: XA13M3042082708
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 77-86
Announcement Date:
Sep 12, 2013

Citation Formats

Cassen, B. Theory of Scanning and Imaging of Radioisotope Distributions; Theorie de la Scintigraphoe a Balayage ou Fixe; Teoriya skennirovaniya i izobrazhenie raspredeleniya radioizotopov; Teoria de la Exploracion y de la Obtencion de Imagenes de Distribuciones Radioisotopicas. IAEA: N. p., 1964. Web.
Cassen, B. Theory of Scanning and Imaging of Radioisotope Distributions; Theorie de la Scintigraphoe a Balayage ou Fixe; Teoriya skennirovaniya i izobrazhenie raspredeleniya radioizotopov; Teoria de la Exploracion y de la Obtencion de Imagenes de Distribuciones Radioisotopicas. IAEA.
Cassen, B. 1964. "Theory of Scanning and Imaging of Radioisotope Distributions; Theorie de la Scintigraphoe a Balayage ou Fixe; Teoriya skennirovaniya i izobrazhenie raspredeleniya radioizotopov; Teoria de la Exploracion y de la Obtencion de Imagenes de Distribuciones Radioisotopicas." IAEA.
@misc{etde_22127629,
title = {Theory of Scanning and Imaging of Radioisotope Distributions; Theorie de la Scintigraphoe a Balayage ou Fixe; Teoriya skennirovaniya i izobrazhenie raspredeleniya radioizotopov; Teoria de la Exploracion y de la Obtencion de Imagenes de Distribuciones Radioisotopicas}
author = {Cassen, B.}
abstractNote = {In a published paper, the author has presented a simplified basic theory of the quantitative performance characteristics of radioisotope imaging and scanning systems. A ''figure of merit'' is derived, depending partly on the instrument characteristics and partly on the methodology utilized. The factors involved in the figure of merit are: the count-rate sensitivity of the detector per unit solid angle, subtended from a resolution element, the solid angle subtended from a resolution element, the number of resolution elements viewed simultaneously, the number of resolution elements in the total field scanned or imaged, the dose concentration, the total time taken to produce an image or scan and the background count-rate. In the present presentation the basic theory is further refined and discussed to take into account factors such as ''depth-of-focus'' resolution, variable speed or variable dwell scanning, possibilities of variable or automatically variable resolution, relative resolvability of ''cold'' and ''hot'' nodules, field size and use of special radioisotopes and types of detectors. Also, a discussion is presented on the handling and processing of data arising from scanning and imaging techniques. The relative merits of background eliminators and contrast enhancement procedures such as photoscanning and colour scanning are analysed. The advantages and possible disadvantages of tape recording original data and the repeated playback through contrast and background processing circuits is discussed. Some experimentally determined figure-of-merit data are presented on a widely used commercialscanner and on some new developments, especially a new high quantum utilization scanner, which is briefly described in the above-mentioned article and has since undergone further development, improvement and testing. (author) [French] Dans une publication, l'auteur a expose une theorie fondamentale simplifiee des caracteristiques quantitatives de rendement des divers systemes de scintigraphic (a balayage ou fixes) au moyen des radioisotopes. Il en a deduit un 'indice de qualite' qui varie selon les caracteristiques de l'appareillage et selon la methodologie utilisee. Les facteurs intervenant dans l'indice de qualite sont notamment: l'angle solide unitaire sous-tendu par un element de resolution, la sensibilite du detecteur pour cet angle solide unitaire, le nombre d'elements de resolution 'vus' simultanement, le nombre d'elements de resolution dans l'ensemble du champ balaye ou autrement explore, la concentration du radioisotope, le temps total necessaire pour produire un scintigramme, ainsi que l'intensite du bruit de fond. Dans la presentation actuelle, la theorie fondamentale a ete encore perfectionnee et tient compte d'autres facteurs: resolution en fonction de la 'profondeur focale', vitesse de balayage ou temps d'exposition, possibilites des resolution variable ou automatiquement variable, resolubilite relative des nodules ' froids ' et ' chauds', dimension du champ, et utilisation de radioisotopes et de types de detecteurs speciaux. Ensuite, l'auteur fait un expose sur le depouillement et le traitement des donnees obtenues par lesdiverses techniques de scintigraphic. U analyse les avantages relatifs des eliminateurs de bruits de fond et des methodes d'accentuation du contraste, telles que la photoscintigraphie et la scintigraphie polychrome. Il examine les avantages qu'il y a, les inconvenients qu'il pourrait y avoir a enregistrer sur bandes des donnees originales et a faire repasser a volonte les bandes dans les circuits d'accentuation du contraste et d'elimination du bruit de fond. L'auteur donne des valeurs de l'indice de qualite determinees experimentalement pour un appareil d'exploration tres courant vendu dans le commerce, et pour quelques appareils nouveaux, notammente un appareil tres perfectionne, qui a ete brievement decrit dans l'article mentionne au debut du resume et qui a fait depuis lots l'objet de nouvelles mises au point et ameliorations et d'essais. (author) [Spanish] En un articulo ya publicado el autor expuso una teoria fundamental simplificada de las caracteristicas cuantitativas de funcionamiento de diversos sistemas de exploracion y obtencion de imagenes radioisotopicas. De ella hadeducidoun 'indice de calidad' que varia segun las caracteristicas del instrumente y segun el metodo empleado. Los factores que intervienen en dicho indice de calidad son: la sensibilidad del detector para el angulo solido subtendido por un elemento de resolucion, el numero de elementos de resolucion 'vistos' simultaneamente, el numero de elementos de resolucion en el conjunto del campo que se explora o cuya imagen se obtiene, la concentracion del radioisotopo, el tiempo total necesario para obtener una imagen y la intensidad de la actividad de fondo. En la actual presentacion, la teoria fundamental ha sido perfeccionada teniendo encuentaotros factores:el poder de resolucion en funcion de la 'profundidad focal', la velocidad de la exploracion o el tiempo de exposicion, las posibilidades de un poder de resolucion modificable o automa'ticamente variable, la resolubilidad relativa, losnodulos 'frios' y 'calientes', ladimension del campo y el empleo de radioisotopos y de tipos de detectores especiales. A continuacion, el autor expone la manera de tratar les datos obtenidos con las diferentes tecnicas de centelleografia. Analiza las ventajas relativas de los eliminadores de la actividad de fondo y de los metodos de aumentar el contraste, taies como la fotoexploracion, y la centelleograffa policroma. Examina las ventajas y los inconvenientes de registrar en cinta los datos originales y de hacer pasar dicha cinta pot circuitos electronicos que aumenten el contraste o eliminen el fondo. El autor da algunos valores del indice de calidad determinadoe experimentalmente par un aparato comercial de exploracion y para algunos aparatos nuevos, especialmente para uno muy perfeccionadobrevemente descrito en el articulo que se meenciona al principio de este resumen y que, desde entonces, ha sido objeto de nuevos ensayos y perfeccionamientos. (author) [Russian] Daetsja uproshennaja osnovnaja teorija kolichestvennogo opredelenija harakteristik radioizotopnyh sistem izobrazhenija i skennirovanija. Vyvoditsja {sup c}ifrovoj pokazatel'{sup ,} chastichno zavisjashhij ot harakteristik pribora i chastichno ot ispol'zuemoj metodologii. Faktorami, vlijajushhimi na cifrovoj pokazatel', javljajutsja: chuvstvitel'nost' detektora k skorosti scheta na edinicu prostranstvennogo ugla, protivolezhashhego razreshajushhemu jele- mentu, prostranstvennyj ugol, protivolezhashhij razreshajushhemu jelementu, kolichestvo razreshajushhih jelementov, nabljudaemyh odnovremenno, kolichestvo jelementov razlozhenija vo vsem pole skennirovanija ili nabljudenija, koncentracija dozy, obshhee vremja, zatrachennoe na poluchenie izobrazhenija ili skennogrammy i skorost' scheta fona. V nastojashhem predstavlenii osnovnaja teorija sovershenstvuetsja i obsuzhdaetsja s tem, chtoby uchityvat' takie faktory, kak ''glubina fokusa'' razlozhenija, peremennaja skorost' ili peremennoe skennirovanie.vozmozhnosti peremennogo ili avtomaticheski izmenjajushhe- gosja razreshenija, sravnitel'naja razreshajushhaja sposobnost', ''holodnyh'' i ''gorjachih'' uzlov, razmer polja i ispol'zovanie special'nyh radioizotopov i vidov detektorov. Daetsja takzhe obsuzhdenie voprosov obrabotki dannyh, poluchaemyh metodami skenni- rovanija i proekcii. Analiziruetsja otnositel'naja osobennost' jeliminatorov fona i procedur kontrastnogo usilenija takih kak fotoskennirovanie i cvetnoe skennirovanie. Obsuzhdajutsja preimushhestva i vozmozhnye nedostatki zapisi na plenku original'nyh dannyh i povtornoe vosproizvedenie s pomoshh'ju kontrastnyh i fonovyh obrabatyvajushhih konturov. Dajutsja nekotorye jeksperimental'nye cifrovye dannye dlja shiroko ispol'zuemogo kom- mercheskogo skennera, a takzhe nekotorye novye dannye kasajushhiesja novogo skennera, ispol'- zujushhego kvanty vysokoj jenergii, kotoryj vkratce opisyvaetsja v vysheupomjanutoj stat'e, i s togo vremeni byl usovershenstvovan i proshel ispytanija. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1964}
month = {Oct}
}