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Fuel location, homogeneity and amount in flat and tubular configurations; Repartition, Homogeneite et Quantite du Combustible dans les Elements a Configuration Plate ou Tubulaire; Polozhenie, gomogennost' i kolichestvo topliva v ploskikh i trubchatykh konfiguratsiyakh; Disposicion, Homogeneidad y Cantidad de Combustibles en Configuraciones Planas y Tubulares

Abstract

The fuel elements tor tne materials testing reactor BR-2 can be assembled either with plates obtained by the picture-frame process, or with tubes obtained by co-extrusion. In the course of the fabrication and before reactor loading the fuel disposition, the homogeneity and the absolute amount have to be checked or measured. The fuel disposition should be known for positioning of the core in plates and tubes and as a first quality evaluation of the product with regard to the geometrical specifications. Radiography at about 80-90 keV, autoradiography and gammagraphy with a thulium-170 source have been done. By radiographing the fuel tubes a lead mandrel with the X-ray film fixed to it was placed inside the tube and subsequent X-ray shots at different angles were taken. A radioactive source scanning the fuel tube along its centre line in combination with a film around the tube showed records with a high resolution. The fuel homogeneity is to be controlled in view of a safe reactor operation, i. e. on the one hand to avoid exaggerated fuel concentrations that could give rise to vapour formation in the operating PWR, and on the other hand to guarantee a sufficient and evenly spread fuel load.  More>>
Authors:
Meester, P. de [1] 
  1. Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie, Mol (Belgium)
Publication Date:
Oct 15, 1965
Product Type:
Conference
Report Number:
IAEA-SM-63/42
Resource Relation:
Conference: Symposium on Non-Destructive Testing in Nuclear Technology, Bucharest (Romania), 17-21 May 1965; Other Information: 17 refs., 22 figs., 3 tabs.; Related Information: In: Non-Destructive Testing in Nuclear Technology Vol. II. Proceedings of a Symposium on Non-Destructive Testing in Nuclear Technology| 462 p.
Subject:
42 ENGINEERING; ACCURACY; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; BR-2 REACTOR; EXTRUSION; FUEL PLATES; IRRADIATION; KEV RANGE 10-100; NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING; NUCLEAR FUELS; PLATES; PWR TYPE REACTORS; RADIATION SOURCES; REACTOR OPERATION; SCINTILLATIONS; SPECIFICATIONS; SPECTROMETERS; STANDARDS; THULIUM 170; TUBES; URANIUM 235; X RADIATION
OSTI ID:
22127209
Research Organizations:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)
Country of Origin:
IAEA
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ISSN 0074-1884; TRN: XA13K2562082288
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 413-435
Announcement Date:
Sep 12, 2013

Citation Formats

Meester, P. de. Fuel location, homogeneity and amount in flat and tubular configurations; Repartition, Homogeneite et Quantite du Combustible dans les Elements a Configuration Plate ou Tubulaire; Polozhenie, gomogennost' i kolichestvo topliva v ploskikh i trubchatykh konfiguratsiyakh; Disposicion, Homogeneidad y Cantidad de Combustibles en Configuraciones Planas y Tubulares. IAEA: N. p., 1965. Web.
Meester, P. de. Fuel location, homogeneity and amount in flat and tubular configurations; Repartition, Homogeneite et Quantite du Combustible dans les Elements a Configuration Plate ou Tubulaire; Polozhenie, gomogennost' i kolichestvo topliva v ploskikh i trubchatykh konfiguratsiyakh; Disposicion, Homogeneidad y Cantidad de Combustibles en Configuraciones Planas y Tubulares. IAEA.
Meester, P. de. 1965. "Fuel location, homogeneity and amount in flat and tubular configurations; Repartition, Homogeneite et Quantite du Combustible dans les Elements a Configuration Plate ou Tubulaire; Polozhenie, gomogennost' i kolichestvo topliva v ploskikh i trubchatykh konfiguratsiyakh; Disposicion, Homogeneidad y Cantidad de Combustibles en Configuraciones Planas y Tubulares." IAEA.
@misc{etde_22127209,
title = {Fuel location, homogeneity and amount in flat and tubular configurations; Repartition, Homogeneite et Quantite du Combustible dans les Elements a Configuration Plate ou Tubulaire; Polozhenie, gomogennost' i kolichestvo topliva v ploskikh i trubchatykh konfiguratsiyakh; Disposicion, Homogeneidad y Cantidad de Combustibles en Configuraciones Planas y Tubulares}
author = {Meester, P. de}
abstractNote = {The fuel elements tor tne materials testing reactor BR-2 can be assembled either with plates obtained by the picture-frame process, or with tubes obtained by co-extrusion. In the course of the fabrication and before reactor loading the fuel disposition, the homogeneity and the absolute amount have to be checked or measured. The fuel disposition should be known for positioning of the core in plates and tubes and as a first quality evaluation of the product with regard to the geometrical specifications. Radiography at about 80-90 keV, autoradiography and gammagraphy with a thulium-170 source have been done. By radiographing the fuel tubes a lead mandrel with the X-ray film fixed to it was placed inside the tube and subsequent X-ray shots at different angles were taken. A radioactive source scanning the fuel tube along its centre line in combination with a film around the tube showed records with a high resolution. The fuel homogeneity is to be controlled in view of a safe reactor operation, i. e. on the one hand to avoid exaggerated fuel concentrations that could give rise to vapour formation in the operating PWR, and on the other hand to guarantee a sufficient and evenly spread fuel load. Radiographs can be used for a visual check. However, if a quantitative analysis is needed, a better device is a scintillation gamma spectrometer measuring the proper radiation emitted by the U{sup 235}. An analysis of the results on some 400 fuel plates and on a first batch of fuel tubes is given. Forming characteristics and typical end-forms can be controlled. Absorption measurements with an activated source gave less good results. Digital results from static measurements and continuous recording are discussed. The fuel amount as an absolute quantity should be known per zone for actual reactor-operation calculations and per complete element for reasons of fuel accounting and for comparison with post-irradiation bum-up evaluation. The fabrication and the use of the different standards are considered. Accuracy and elimination of errors are discussed. Some possible future improvements in the tests are proposed. (author) [French] Les elements combustibles pour le reacteur d'essai de materiaux BR-2 peuvent etre-realises, soit avec des plaques obtenues par cadrages, soit avec des tubes obtenus par coextrusion. Au cours de la fabrication et avant le chargement dans le reacteur, il faut verifier ou mesurer la repartition, l'homogeneite et la quantite du combustible. Il faut connaitre la repartition du combustible pour le positionnement de l'ame dans les plaques et tubes ainsi que pour une premiere evaluation qualitative du produit du point de vue des specifications geometriques. On a procede a des radiographies 3 80-90 keV, ainsi qu'a des autoradiographies et gammagraphies avec une source au thulium-170. Pour l'examen radiographique des tubes de combustible, on a introduit dans le tube un mandrin en plomb auquel etait fixe un film sensible aux rayons X , puis on a fait des radiographies sous divers angles. En utilisant une source radioactive se deplacant le long de l'axe du tube et un film place autour du tube, on a obtenu des enregistrements avec un tres bon contraste. Il faut controler l'homogeneite du combustible pour assurer la securite du fonctionnement du reacteur, c'est-a-dire pour eviter toute concentration excessive de combustible pouvant donner lieu a des formations de vapeur pendant le fonctionnement du reacteur et pour garantir que le chargement de combustible est suffisant et regulierement reparti. On peut faire appel a des radiographies en vue d'une verification visuelle. Cependant, s'il est necessaire de faire une analyse quantitative, il est preferable d'utiliser un spectrometre g a m m a a scintillation permettant de mesurer le rayonnement propre emis par l'uranium-235. Le memoire contient une' analyse des resultats obtenus pour quelque 400 plaques de combustible et pour un premier lot de tubes de combustible. Il est possible de controler les caracteristiques de deformabilite et les formes finales. La mesure de l'absorption a l'aide d'une source activee donne des resultats moins satisfaisants. L'auteur discute les donnees numeriques obtenues a partir de mesures statiques et d'enregistrements continus Il faut connaitre la quantite absolue de combustible par zone pour le calcul des parametres de fonctionnement du reacteur, et par element pour la comptabilite du combustible ainsi qu'aux fins de comparaison des taux d'irradiation. Le memoire traite de la fabrication et de l'utilisation des divers etalons. Il discute le degre de precision et l'elimination des erreurs. L'auteur propose plusieurs ameliorations des operations de controle. (author) [Spanish] Los elementos combustibles para el reactor de ensayo de materiales BR-2 pueden armarse con placas tipo cuadro, o bien con tubos preparados por coextrusion. En el curso de la elaboracion y antes de cargar el reactor, es nesesario verificar o medir la disposicion, homogeneidad y cantidad absoluta de combustible. La disposicion del combustible debe conocerse para fijar la ubicacion del alma en placas y tubos, y tambien como primera evaluacion de la calidad del producto en lo que atane a las especificaciones sobre su forma geometrica. Se han efectuado inspecciones mediante radiografia a unos 80-90 keV, autorradiograffa y gammagraffa con una fuente de {sup 170}Tm. Para radiografiar los tubos de combustible, se coloco en su interior un mandril de plomo al cual se habfa fijado la pelicula de rayos X y se tomaron luego varias exposiciones desde distintos angulos. Una fuente radiactiva usada para explorar el tubo longitudinalmente, combinada con una pelicula dispuesta alrededor del tubo, permitio obtener registros de elevada resolucion. La homogeneidad del combustible debe controlarse con miras a un foncionamiento seguro del reactor, es decir, se han de evitar por una parte concentraciones excesivas de combustible que podrian producir vapor en el reactor de agua a presion (PWR) en funcionamiento, y por otra parte, garantizar una carga de combustible suficiente y uniformemente distribuida. Como verificacion visual, puede usarse la radiografia. En cambio, si se necesita un analisis cuantitativo conviene emplear un espectrometro de centelleo gamma que mida la radiacion emitida por el {sup 235}U. Se analizan en la memoria los resultados obtenidos con unas 400 placas de combustible y con una primera partida de tubos. Este metodo permite controlar las caracteristicas de Conformacion y los casquetes. Las mediciones de absorcion con una fuente radiactiva no dieron resultados tan satisfactorios. Se analizan en la memoria resultados numericos de mediciones estaticas y de registros continuos. La cantidad absoluta de combustible en cada zona debe conocerse para poder realizar los calculos relativos al funcionamiento del reactor y tambien debe conocerse la cantidad de combustible contenida en casa elemento completo, para poder llevar el control de las existencias de combustible y poder comparar con la evaluacion del grado de combustion realizada despues de la irradiacion. Se considera en la memoria la elaboracion y el uso de distintos elementos patrones. Se analizan el grado de exactitud y la eliminacion de errores. Se proponen algunas mejoras que podrian introducirse en los ensayos,. (author) [Russian] Teplovydelyayushchie ehlementy dlya materialovedcheskogo reaktora BR-2 mozhno montirovat' libo s plastinkami, poluchennymi v rezul'tate protsessa kadro- voj ramki, libo s trubkami, poluchennymi s pomoshch'yu odnovremennogo prodavlivaniya. V pro- tsesse izgotovleniya i do zagruzki reaktora neobkhodimo proverit' ili izmerit' raspolo- zhenie, gomogennost' i absolyutnoe kolichestvo topliva. Raspolozhenie topliva dolzhno byt' izvestno dlya pomeshcheniya serdechnika v plastinakh i trubkakh i dlya pervoj otsenki kachestva produkta v otnoshenii geometricheskikh spetsifikatsij. S pomoshch'yu tuliya-170 byli proizvedeny radiografiya priblizitel'no pri 80-90 kehv, avtoradiografiya i gammagrafiya. Pri radiografii toplivnykh Trubok svintsovuyu oprav- ku s prikreplennoj k nej rentgenovskoj plenkoj pomeshchayut vnutr' trubki. . Zatem pod razlichnymi uglami delayut rentgenovski snimki. Radioaktivnyj istochnik, skenniruyushchij toplivnuyu trubku vdol' ee tsentral'noj linii, v sochetanii s plenkoj vokrug trubki pokazyvaet zapisi, imeyushchie bol'shuyu razreshayushchuyu sposobnost'. Gomogennost' topliva neobkhodimo kontrolirovat' dlya obespecheniya bezopasnoj raboty reaktora, t.e., s odnoj storony, s tsel'yu izbezhat' izbytochnykh kontsentratsij topliva, koto- rye mogut vyzvat' paroobrazovanie pri rabote reaktora, okhlazhdaemogo vodoj pod davleniem, a s drugoj - obespechit' dostatochnuyu i ravnomerno raspredelennuyu toplivnuyu zagruzku. Ra- diografy mozhno ispol'zovat' dlya vizual'noj proverki. Esli neobkhodimo sdelat' kolichest- vennyj analiz, to luchshim priborom yavlyaetsya stsintillyatsionnyj gamma-spektrometr, izmerya- yushchij sobstvennoe izluchenie, kotoroe ispuskaet uran-235. Privoditsya analiz rezul'tatov, svyazannykh priblizitel'no s 400 toplivnymi plastinkami i pervoj partiej toplivnykh tru- bok. Mozhno kontrolirovat' kharakteristiki formirovaniya i tipichnye kontseviki. Rezul'- taty absorbtsionnykh izmerenij s pomoshch'yu aktivirovannogo istochnika yavlyayutsya neskol'ko khudshimi. Rassmatrivayutsya tsifrovye rezul'taty staticheskikh izmerenij i nepreryvnoj zapisi. Dlya raschetov fakticheskoj raboty reaktora dolzhno byt' izvestno kolichestvo top- liva, kak absolyutnoe kolichestvo, na kazhduyu zonu i na kazhdyj polnyj ehlement v tselyakh ucheta topliva i sravneniya s otsenkoj vygoraniya posle oblucheniya. Rassmatrivayutsya izgotovlenie i ispol'zovanie razlichnykh standartov, a takzhe tochnost' i ustranenie pogreshnostej. Predlagayutsya nekotorye uluchsheniya pri provedenii ispytanij v bud. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1965}
month = {Oct}
}