Abstract
Zircaloy-2 canning tubes, 10.20 mm I.D. x 0.90 mm wall x 1500 mm length, destined for testing as fuel-rod cladding in a high temperature. 330 Degree-Sign C, in-pile pressurized water loop, were tested ultrasonically for defects to get an impression of the tubes' quality. The tested tubes were delivered by manufacturers in the United States of America, United Kingdom and Scandinavia. Our requirement that all delivered tubes should be free from defects with a length greater than 500- 1000 {mu}m and/or with a depth greater than 50-25 {mu}m was not completely accepted by the manufacturers. They could guarantee that defects longer than 1000 {mu}m and/or with a depth greater than 50 {mu}m should be absent. Because only two of the 93 tested tubes had defects with a depth greater than 50 {mu}m it was decided to apply a more severe test by which defects with a depth in the range 10-50 {mu}m could be detected. To detect and record such small defects, longitudinal as well as transverse, a semi-automatic ultrasonic pulse equipment was used in combination with gating systems and a multiple-channel recorder. The adjustment of the scanning system was such that inner and outer defects of the same size
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Van Der Linde, A.;
[1]
Deraad, J. A.
[2]
- Reactor Centrum Nederland, Petten (Netherlands)
- Roentgen Technische Dienst N.V., Rotterdam (Netherlands)
Citation Formats
Van Der Linde, A., and Deraad, J. A.
Quality Selection of Zircaloy-2 Canning Tubes by Ultrasonic Testing on Small Defects; Controle de la Qualite des Gaines en Zircaloy-2: Detection de Petits Defauts par les Ultrasons; Achestvennyjotb ortrub chatykh obolochek iz tsirkalloya-2 putem vyyavleniya nebol'shikh defektov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control de Calidad de los Revestimientos de Zircaloy-2 por Localizacion Ultrasonica de Pequenos Defectos.
IAEA: N. p.,
1965.
Web.
Van Der Linde, A., & Deraad, J. A.
Quality Selection of Zircaloy-2 Canning Tubes by Ultrasonic Testing on Small Defects; Controle de la Qualite des Gaines en Zircaloy-2: Detection de Petits Defauts par les Ultrasons; Achestvennyjotb ortrub chatykh obolochek iz tsirkalloya-2 putem vyyavleniya nebol'shikh defektov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control de Calidad de los Revestimientos de Zircaloy-2 por Localizacion Ultrasonica de Pequenos Defectos.
IAEA.
Van Der Linde, A., and Deraad, J. A.
1965.
"Quality Selection of Zircaloy-2 Canning Tubes by Ultrasonic Testing on Small Defects; Controle de la Qualite des Gaines en Zircaloy-2: Detection de Petits Defauts par les Ultrasons; Achestvennyjotb ortrub chatykh obolochek iz tsirkalloya-2 putem vyyavleniya nebol'shikh defektov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control de Calidad de los Revestimientos de Zircaloy-2 por Localizacion Ultrasonica de Pequenos Defectos."
IAEA.
@misc{etde_22122966,
title = {Quality Selection of Zircaloy-2 Canning Tubes by Ultrasonic Testing on Small Defects; Controle de la Qualite des Gaines en Zircaloy-2: Detection de Petits Defauts par les Ultrasons; Achestvennyjotb ortrub chatykh obolochek iz tsirkalloya-2 putem vyyavleniya nebol'shikh defektov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control de Calidad de los Revestimientos de Zircaloy-2 por Localizacion Ultrasonica de Pequenos Defectos}
author = {Van Der Linde, A., and Deraad, J. A.}
abstractNote = {Zircaloy-2 canning tubes, 10.20 mm I.D. x 0.90 mm wall x 1500 mm length, destined for testing as fuel-rod cladding in a high temperature. 330 Degree-Sign C, in-pile pressurized water loop, were tested ultrasonically for defects to get an impression of the tubes' quality. The tested tubes were delivered by manufacturers in the United States of America, United Kingdom and Scandinavia. Our requirement that all delivered tubes should be free from defects with a length greater than 500- 1000 {mu}m and/or with a depth greater than 50-25 {mu}m was not completely accepted by the manufacturers. They could guarantee that defects longer than 1000 {mu}m and/or with a depth greater than 50 {mu}m should be absent. Because only two of the 93 tested tubes had defects with a depth greater than 50 {mu}m it was decided to apply a more severe test by which defects with a depth in the range 10-50 {mu}m could be detected. To detect and record such small defects, longitudinal as well as transverse, a semi-automatic ultrasonic pulse equipment was used in combination with gating systems and a multiple-channel recorder. The adjustment of the scanning system was such that inner and outer defects of the same size were indicated with equal amplitudes. Calibration of the equipment was made on artificial defects. Longitudinal defects were detected with a separated transmitter-receiver system using a focused beam. Transverse defects were scanned by a single probe acting as transceiver. To obtain the sensitivity required the tests were carried out in immersion at a frequency of 4 MHz whereby the tubes were rotated with 120 rpm. A description is given of the mechanical device, the general set-up and the difficulties encountered. The result was that from the 93 tested tubes 21 had defects in the transverse direction with a depth between 10 and 50 {mu}m. Thus a relative qualification of the tubes was obtained. (author) [French] Des gaines en Zircaloy-2, ayant un diametre interieur de 10, 20 mm, une epaisseur de 0,90 mm et une longueur de 1500 mm, destinees a des essais en pile (dans une boucle a eau sous pression , a la temperature de 330 Degree-Sign C) en vue de leur utilisation pour le gainage de barreaux de combustible, ont ete soumises a un controle au moyen d'ultrasons pour detecter leurs defauts et evaluer leur qualite. Les gaines soumises aux essais avaient ete livrees par des fabricants des Etats-Unis, du Royaume-Uni et des pays scandinaves. D'apres les specifications, toutes les gaines devaient etre exemptes de failles ayant plus de 500 a 1000pm de longueur et plus de 50 a 25 {mu}m de profondeur, mais les fabricants n'avaient pas accepte de repondre pleinement a ces exigences. Ils pouvaient simplement garantir qu'il n'y aurait pas de failles ayant plus de 1.000 pm de longueur et plus de 50 {mu}m de profondeur. Comme seulement deux des 93 gaines controlees presentaient des failles ayant plus de 50 {mu}m de profondeur, on a decide de faire un controle plus severe pour detecter des failles de 10 a 50 {mu}m de profondeur. Pour detecter et enregistrer des defauts aussi minimes, on a utilise un dispositif semi-automatique a impulsions ultrasonores, en meme temps que des conditionneurs et un enregistreur multicanal. L'appareil d'exploration etait regle de telle facon que des defauts de meme taille etaient indiques avec la meme amplitude, qu'ils soient interieurs ou exterieurs. L'etalonnage du meteriel a ete fait au moyen de defauts artificiels. Les defauts longitudinaux ont ete detectes au moyen d'un emetteur-recepteur distinct, a faisceau focalise. Les defauts transversaux ont ete detectes par une sonde unique faisant office de traducteur. Pour obtenir la sensibilite voulue, les essais ont ete effectues en immersion, avec une frequence de 4 MHz, les tubes tournant a 120 t/min. Le memoire decrit le dispositif mecanique, l'ensemble des operations et les difficultes rencontrees. On a constate que, sur 93 gaines controlees, 21 presentaient des defauts transversaux profonds de 10 a 50 {mu}m. On avait donc obtenu un classement qualitatif des gaines. (author) [Spanish] Se han efectuado ensayos ultrasonicos con tubos de revestimiento de Zircaloy-2 (diametro interno 10, 20 mm, espesor 0,90 mm, longitud 1 500 mm) con objeto de determinar su calidad y localizar posibles defectos. Los tubos se destinan a proteger las barras de combustible a la temperatura de 330 Degree-Sign C en un circuito de agua a presion en el interior del ractor. Los tubos procedian de fabricantes de Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Escandinavia, que no llegaron a aceptar por completo la condicion que se les impuso de que aquellos careciesen de defectos con dimensiones superiores a 500-1 000 {mu}m de longitud y 50-25 {mu}m de profundidad. Lo que garantizaron fue que los tubos no tendrian defectos superiores a 1 000 {mu}m de largo y 50 {mu}m de profundidad. Como unicamente dos de los 93 tubos verificados tenian defectos de profundidad superior a 50 {mu}m, se decidio someterlos a una prueba mas estricta que permitiese localizar defectos de 10 a 50 {mu}m. Para localizar y registrar fallas longitudinales y transversales tan pequenas se utilizo un equipo semiautomatico de impulsos ultrasonicos en combinacion con circuitos de desbloqueo y registradores multicanales. El sistema de exploracion se ajusto de manera que resultaran indicados con identica amplitud defectos internos y externos de iguales proporciones. Para calibrar el equipo, se usaron tubos con defectos artificiales. Los defectos longitudinales se localizaron con un sistema independiente transmisor-receptor y un haz enfocado. Los transversales se detectaron con una sonda que funcionaba como transceptor. Para lograr la sensibilidad necesaria, los ensayos se efectuaron por inmersion a una frecuencia de 4 MHz, estando los tubos animados de un movimiento de rotacion de 120 revAnin. Se incluye en la memoria una descripcion de la instalacion mecanica y de las dificultades que hubo que superar. Segun los resultados obtenidos, de los 93 tubos ensayados, 21 presentaban defectos transversales de 10 a 50 {mu}m de profundidad. Por consiguiente, puede afirmarse que el procedimiento indicado permite clasificar los tubos con arreglo a su calidad. (author) [Russian] Trubchatye obolochki iz cirkalloja-2 s vnutrennim diametrom 10,20 mm, tolshhinoj stenok 0,90 mm i dlinoj 1500 mm, prednaznachennye dlja proverki v kachestve pokrytija toplivnyh sterzhnej pri temperature 330 Degree-Sign S v reaktornoj petle s vodoj pod davleniem ispytyvalis' s pomoshh'ju ul'trazvuka s cel'ju obnaruzhenija defektov. Ispytyvaemye trubchatye obolochki byli postavleny izgotoviteljami v SShA, soedinennom Korolevstve i v Skandinavii. Nashe trebovanie, chtoby vse postavlennye trubki byli svobodny ot treshhin i drugih defektov razmerom svyshe 500 - 1000 mikron po dline i svyshe 25 - 50 mikron po glubine, ne bylo prinjato polnost'ju izgotoviteljami. Oni mogli garantirovat' tol'ko otsutstvie treshhin velichinoj svyshe 1000 mikron po dline i svyshe 50 mikron po glubine. V svjazi s tem, chto iz 93 ispytannyh trub tol'ko u dvuh byli obnaruzheny treshhiny velichinoj svyshe 50 mikron po glubine, reshili provodit' bolee stroguju proverku, v rezul'tate kotoroj mozhno bylo by obnaruzhivat' defekty velichinoj porjadka 10 - 50 mikron po glubine. Dlja obnaruzhenija i registracii takih nebol'shih defektov primenjalos' poluavtomaticheskoe ul'trazvukovoe impul'snoe oborudovanie, dejstvujushhee kak v prodol'nom, tak i v poperechnom napravlenijah, v kombinacii s sistemami propuskanija i mnogokanal'nym registratorom. Sistema razvertki byla otregulirovana takim obrazom, chto vnutrennie i naruzhnye defekty odnogo i togo zhe porjadka i razmera ukazyvalis' s odinakovymi amplitudami. Kalibrovanie oborudovanija proizvodili na iskusstvennyh defektah. Defekty, obrazovavshiesja v prodol'nom napravlenii, obnaruzhivalis' s pomoshh'ju razdel'noj sistemy datchik-priemnik s primeneniem fokusirovannogo puchka. Defekty, obrazovavshiesja v poperechnom napravlenii, skennirovalis' s pomoshh'ju edinichnogo zonda, rabotavshego v kachestve priemoperedatchika. Dlja dostizhenija neobhodimoj chuvstvitel'nosti ispytanija provodilis' v sostojanii pogruzhenija s chastotoj 4 Mgc,v to vremja kak trubki vrashhalis' so skorost'ju 120 ob/min. Daetsja opisanie mehanicheskogo pribora, obshhej ustanovki i voznikavshih trudnostej. V rezul'tate iz 93 proverennyh trubok u 21 byli obnaruzheny defekty v poperechnom napravlenii velichinoj ot 10 do 50 mikron po glubine. Takim obrazom, byla sostavlena otnositel'naja kvalifikacija trubok. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1965}
month = {Sep}
}
title = {Quality Selection of Zircaloy-2 Canning Tubes by Ultrasonic Testing on Small Defects; Controle de la Qualite des Gaines en Zircaloy-2: Detection de Petits Defauts par les Ultrasons; Achestvennyjotb ortrub chatykh obolochek iz tsirkalloya-2 putem vyyavleniya nebol'shikh defektov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control de Calidad de los Revestimientos de Zircaloy-2 por Localizacion Ultrasonica de Pequenos Defectos}
author = {Van Der Linde, A., and Deraad, J. A.}
abstractNote = {Zircaloy-2 canning tubes, 10.20 mm I.D. x 0.90 mm wall x 1500 mm length, destined for testing as fuel-rod cladding in a high temperature. 330 Degree-Sign C, in-pile pressurized water loop, were tested ultrasonically for defects to get an impression of the tubes' quality. The tested tubes were delivered by manufacturers in the United States of America, United Kingdom and Scandinavia. Our requirement that all delivered tubes should be free from defects with a length greater than 500- 1000 {mu}m and/or with a depth greater than 50-25 {mu}m was not completely accepted by the manufacturers. They could guarantee that defects longer than 1000 {mu}m and/or with a depth greater than 50 {mu}m should be absent. Because only two of the 93 tested tubes had defects with a depth greater than 50 {mu}m it was decided to apply a more severe test by which defects with a depth in the range 10-50 {mu}m could be detected. To detect and record such small defects, longitudinal as well as transverse, a semi-automatic ultrasonic pulse equipment was used in combination with gating systems and a multiple-channel recorder. The adjustment of the scanning system was such that inner and outer defects of the same size were indicated with equal amplitudes. Calibration of the equipment was made on artificial defects. Longitudinal defects were detected with a separated transmitter-receiver system using a focused beam. Transverse defects were scanned by a single probe acting as transceiver. To obtain the sensitivity required the tests were carried out in immersion at a frequency of 4 MHz whereby the tubes were rotated with 120 rpm. A description is given of the mechanical device, the general set-up and the difficulties encountered. The result was that from the 93 tested tubes 21 had defects in the transverse direction with a depth between 10 and 50 {mu}m. Thus a relative qualification of the tubes was obtained. (author) [French] Des gaines en Zircaloy-2, ayant un diametre interieur de 10, 20 mm, une epaisseur de 0,90 mm et une longueur de 1500 mm, destinees a des essais en pile (dans une boucle a eau sous pression , a la temperature de 330 Degree-Sign C) en vue de leur utilisation pour le gainage de barreaux de combustible, ont ete soumises a un controle au moyen d'ultrasons pour detecter leurs defauts et evaluer leur qualite. Les gaines soumises aux essais avaient ete livrees par des fabricants des Etats-Unis, du Royaume-Uni et des pays scandinaves. D'apres les specifications, toutes les gaines devaient etre exemptes de failles ayant plus de 500 a 1000pm de longueur et plus de 50 a 25 {mu}m de profondeur, mais les fabricants n'avaient pas accepte de repondre pleinement a ces exigences. Ils pouvaient simplement garantir qu'il n'y aurait pas de failles ayant plus de 1.000 pm de longueur et plus de 50 {mu}m de profondeur. Comme seulement deux des 93 gaines controlees presentaient des failles ayant plus de 50 {mu}m de profondeur, on a decide de faire un controle plus severe pour detecter des failles de 10 a 50 {mu}m de profondeur. Pour detecter et enregistrer des defauts aussi minimes, on a utilise un dispositif semi-automatique a impulsions ultrasonores, en meme temps que des conditionneurs et un enregistreur multicanal. L'appareil d'exploration etait regle de telle facon que des defauts de meme taille etaient indiques avec la meme amplitude, qu'ils soient interieurs ou exterieurs. L'etalonnage du meteriel a ete fait au moyen de defauts artificiels. Les defauts longitudinaux ont ete detectes au moyen d'un emetteur-recepteur distinct, a faisceau focalise. Les defauts transversaux ont ete detectes par une sonde unique faisant office de traducteur. Pour obtenir la sensibilite voulue, les essais ont ete effectues en immersion, avec une frequence de 4 MHz, les tubes tournant a 120 t/min. Le memoire decrit le dispositif mecanique, l'ensemble des operations et les difficultes rencontrees. On a constate que, sur 93 gaines controlees, 21 presentaient des defauts transversaux profonds de 10 a 50 {mu}m. On avait donc obtenu un classement qualitatif des gaines. (author) [Spanish] Se han efectuado ensayos ultrasonicos con tubos de revestimiento de Zircaloy-2 (diametro interno 10, 20 mm, espesor 0,90 mm, longitud 1 500 mm) con objeto de determinar su calidad y localizar posibles defectos. Los tubos se destinan a proteger las barras de combustible a la temperatura de 330 Degree-Sign C en un circuito de agua a presion en el interior del ractor. Los tubos procedian de fabricantes de Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Escandinavia, que no llegaron a aceptar por completo la condicion que se les impuso de que aquellos careciesen de defectos con dimensiones superiores a 500-1 000 {mu}m de longitud y 50-25 {mu}m de profundidad. Lo que garantizaron fue que los tubos no tendrian defectos superiores a 1 000 {mu}m de largo y 50 {mu}m de profundidad. Como unicamente dos de los 93 tubos verificados tenian defectos de profundidad superior a 50 {mu}m, se decidio someterlos a una prueba mas estricta que permitiese localizar defectos de 10 a 50 {mu}m. Para localizar y registrar fallas longitudinales y transversales tan pequenas se utilizo un equipo semiautomatico de impulsos ultrasonicos en combinacion con circuitos de desbloqueo y registradores multicanales. El sistema de exploracion se ajusto de manera que resultaran indicados con identica amplitud defectos internos y externos de iguales proporciones. Para calibrar el equipo, se usaron tubos con defectos artificiales. Los defectos longitudinales se localizaron con un sistema independiente transmisor-receptor y un haz enfocado. Los transversales se detectaron con una sonda que funcionaba como transceptor. Para lograr la sensibilidad necesaria, los ensayos se efectuaron por inmersion a una frecuencia de 4 MHz, estando los tubos animados de un movimiento de rotacion de 120 revAnin. Se incluye en la memoria una descripcion de la instalacion mecanica y de las dificultades que hubo que superar. Segun los resultados obtenidos, de los 93 tubos ensayados, 21 presentaban defectos transversales de 10 a 50 {mu}m de profundidad. Por consiguiente, puede afirmarse que el procedimiento indicado permite clasificar los tubos con arreglo a su calidad. (author) [Russian] Trubchatye obolochki iz cirkalloja-2 s vnutrennim diametrom 10,20 mm, tolshhinoj stenok 0,90 mm i dlinoj 1500 mm, prednaznachennye dlja proverki v kachestve pokrytija toplivnyh sterzhnej pri temperature 330 Degree-Sign S v reaktornoj petle s vodoj pod davleniem ispytyvalis' s pomoshh'ju ul'trazvuka s cel'ju obnaruzhenija defektov. Ispytyvaemye trubchatye obolochki byli postavleny izgotoviteljami v SShA, soedinennom Korolevstve i v Skandinavii. Nashe trebovanie, chtoby vse postavlennye trubki byli svobodny ot treshhin i drugih defektov razmerom svyshe 500 - 1000 mikron po dline i svyshe 25 - 50 mikron po glubine, ne bylo prinjato polnost'ju izgotoviteljami. Oni mogli garantirovat' tol'ko otsutstvie treshhin velichinoj svyshe 1000 mikron po dline i svyshe 50 mikron po glubine. V svjazi s tem, chto iz 93 ispytannyh trub tol'ko u dvuh byli obnaruzheny treshhiny velichinoj svyshe 50 mikron po glubine, reshili provodit' bolee stroguju proverku, v rezul'tate kotoroj mozhno bylo by obnaruzhivat' defekty velichinoj porjadka 10 - 50 mikron po glubine. Dlja obnaruzhenija i registracii takih nebol'shih defektov primenjalos' poluavtomaticheskoe ul'trazvukovoe impul'snoe oborudovanie, dejstvujushhee kak v prodol'nom, tak i v poperechnom napravlenijah, v kombinacii s sistemami propuskanija i mnogokanal'nym registratorom. Sistema razvertki byla otregulirovana takim obrazom, chto vnutrennie i naruzhnye defekty odnogo i togo zhe porjadka i razmera ukazyvalis' s odinakovymi amplitudami. Kalibrovanie oborudovanija proizvodili na iskusstvennyh defektah. Defekty, obrazovavshiesja v prodol'nom napravlenii, obnaruzhivalis' s pomoshh'ju razdel'noj sistemy datchik-priemnik s primeneniem fokusirovannogo puchka. Defekty, obrazovavshiesja v poperechnom napravlenii, skennirovalis' s pomoshh'ju edinichnogo zonda, rabotavshego v kachestve priemoperedatchika. Dlja dostizhenija neobhodimoj chuvstvitel'nosti ispytanija provodilis' v sostojanii pogruzhenija s chastotoj 4 Mgc,v to vremja kak trubki vrashhalis' so skorost'ju 120 ob/min. Daetsja opisanie mehanicheskogo pribora, obshhej ustanovki i voznikavshih trudnostej. V rezul'tate iz 93 proverennyh trubok u 21 byli obnaruzheny defekty v poperechnom napravlenii velichinoj ot 10 do 50 mikron po glubine. Takim obrazom, byla sostavlena otnositel'naja kvalifikacija trubok. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1965}
month = {Sep}
}