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Ultrasonic Inspection following Heat Treatment of Uranium Alloys; Controle des Traitements Thermiques d'Alliage d'Uranium par Ultrasons; Kontrol' termicheskoj obrabotki uranovykh splavov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control Ultrasonico de los Tratamientos Termicos de Aleaciones de Uranio

Abstract

To improve the behaviour of low uranium alloys in reactors it is often necessary to reduce grain size by heat treatment. It has proved essential to provide for inspection of the whole element and the entire output in order to discover the exact quality of the fuel used. This inspection cannot be made by micrography because of the time required and the fact that the data obtained are incomplete. The inspection system adopted is based on the principle of absorption of ultrasonic waves by materials. This absorption depends on the structure of the medium. If {lambda} is small in relation to grain size G, absorption is low; whereas if G is of the order of {lambda}/2, absorption is very high. The tests were made first in air, using the multiple-echo system, then by measuring the height of the first echo, and finally by transmission in water, the height of the transmitted echo being compared with that of the initial signal. In industrial use, the amplitude of the echo transmitted by the material is compared with the echo obtained from a standard of the same characteristics and shape. Inspection takes place in a special machine in which the materials are rotated  More>>
Authors:
Destribats, Marie-Therese; Cherpentier, C.; Papezik, F.; Pigeon, M. [1] 
  1. Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires Desaclay (France)
Publication Date:
Oct 15, 1965
Product Type:
Conference
Report Number:
IAEA-SM-63/7
Resource Relation:
Conference: Symposium on Non-Destructive Testing in Nuclear Technology, Bucharest (Romania), 17-21 May 1965; Other Information: 2 refs., 14 figs.; Related Information: In: Non-Destructive Testing in Nuclear Technology Vol. II. Proceedings of a Symposium on Non-Destructive Testing in Nuclear Technology| 462 p.
Subject:
42 ENGINEERING; ABSORPTION; ALLOY NUCLEAR FUELS; COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS; CONTROL SYSTEMS; GRAIN SIZE; HEAT TREATMENTS; INSPECTION; NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING; STANDARDS; ULTRASONIC WAVES; URANIUM; URANIUM ALLOYS; WATER
OSTI ID:
22121952
Research Organizations:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)
Country of Origin:
IAEA
Language:
French
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ISSN 0074-1884; TRN: XA13M2539078063
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 3-21
Announcement Date:
Aug 29, 2013

Citation Formats

Destribats, Marie-Therese, Cherpentier, C., Papezik, F., and Pigeon, M. Ultrasonic Inspection following Heat Treatment of Uranium Alloys; Controle des Traitements Thermiques d'Alliage d'Uranium par Ultrasons; Kontrol' termicheskoj obrabotki uranovykh splavov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control Ultrasonico de los Tratamientos Termicos de Aleaciones de Uranio. IAEA: N. p., 1965. Web.
Destribats, Marie-Therese, Cherpentier, C., Papezik, F., & Pigeon, M. Ultrasonic Inspection following Heat Treatment of Uranium Alloys; Controle des Traitements Thermiques d'Alliage d'Uranium par Ultrasons; Kontrol' termicheskoj obrabotki uranovykh splavov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control Ultrasonico de los Tratamientos Termicos de Aleaciones de Uranio. IAEA.
Destribats, Marie-Therese, Cherpentier, C., Papezik, F., and Pigeon, M. 1965. "Ultrasonic Inspection following Heat Treatment of Uranium Alloys; Controle des Traitements Thermiques d'Alliage d'Uranium par Ultrasons; Kontrol' termicheskoj obrabotki uranovykh splavov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control Ultrasonico de los Tratamientos Termicos de Aleaciones de Uranio." IAEA.
@misc{etde_22121952,
title = {Ultrasonic Inspection following Heat Treatment of Uranium Alloys; Controle des Traitements Thermiques d'Alliage d'Uranium par Ultrasons; Kontrol' termicheskoj obrabotki uranovykh splavov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control Ultrasonico de los Tratamientos Termicos de Aleaciones de Uranio}
author = {Destribats, Marie-Therese, Cherpentier, C., Papezik, F., and Pigeon, M.}
abstractNote = {To improve the behaviour of low uranium alloys in reactors it is often necessary to reduce grain size by heat treatment. It has proved essential to provide for inspection of the whole element and the entire output in order to discover the exact quality of the fuel used. This inspection cannot be made by micrography because of the time required and the fact that the data obtained are incomplete. The inspection system adopted is based on the principle of absorption of ultrasonic waves by materials. This absorption depends on the structure of the medium. If {lambda} is small in relation to grain size G, absorption is low; whereas if G is of the order of {lambda}/2, absorption is very high. The tests were made first in air, using the multiple-echo system, then by measuring the height of the first echo, and finally by transmission in water, the height of the transmitted echo being compared with that of the initial signal. In industrial use, the amplitude of the echo transmitted by the material is compared with the echo obtained from a standard of the same characteristics and shape. Inspection takes place in a special machine in which the materials are rotated by rollers and adjustable transducers move over the element. The helicoidal scanning is carried out with a pitch of less than 5 mm. The ultrasonic generator includes a control system ensuring a constant reference echo. The paper quotes a series of records showing the results obtained with various alloys and in particular the faults observed in elements treated by induction upon linear displacement. The arrangement can detect faulty treatment zones of less than 1 cm{sup 2}. The system is at present used to inspect all low alloy uranium fuels of the G2, EL3, EDF1, EDF2 and INCA reactors, i.e. rods and tubes with diameters between 20 and 95 mm. (author) [French] Afin d'obtenir une meilleure tenue des alliages d'uranium faiblement allies dans les reacteurs, un affinage du grain par traitements thermiques est souvent necessaire. Il s'est avere indispensable de pouvoir effectuer un controle sur l'ensemble de l'element et la totalite d'une production afin de connaitre exactement la qualite du combustible utilise. Ce controle ne pouvait etre envisage par micrographie en raison de la duree trop longue des operations et de leurs resultats partiels. Le controle auquel les auteurs ont procede est base sur le principe de l'absorption des ultrasons par les materiaux. L'absorption est fonction de la structure du milieu. Si {lambda} est petit par rapport a la taille du grain G, elle est faible; si G est de l'ordre de {lambda}/2, elle est tres grande. Les tout premiers essais ont ete faits dans l'air, par echos multiples, puis en mesurant la hauteur du premier echo, ensuite par transmission dans l'eau, en comparant la hauteur de l'echo transmis a celle de l'echo initial. Dans le controle industriel, on compare l'amplitude de l'echo transmis par le materiau a l'echo obtenu avec un etalon bien traite de meme nuance et de meme forme geometrique. L'examen se fait dans une machine speciale; les materiaux sont entraines en rotation par des galets et les traducteurs orientables se deplacent le long de l'element. L'exploration helicoiedale s'effectue avec un pas inferieur a 5 mm. Le generateur d'ultrasons comporte un systeme de regulation qui maintient l'echo de reference constant. On montrera, une serie d'enregistrements obtenus sur divers alliages, en particulier des defauts observes sur les elements traites par induction au defile. Des zones mal traitees inferieures a 1 cm{sup 2} sont detectees. Actuellement, on controle ainsi tous les combustibles en uranium faiblement allies des divers reacteurs G2, EL3, EDF1, EDF2 et INCA, c'est-a-dire des barres et tubes de diametre compris entre 20 et 95 mm. (author) [Spanish] Con el fin de aumentar en los reactores la estabilidad de las aleaciones con bajo contenido de uranio resulta a menudo necessario afinar el grano mediente tratamientos termicos. Para conocer ia calidad del combustible utilizado se considera indispensable controlar el conjunto del elemento y la totalidad de la produccion. Este control no puede realizarse por micrograffa debido al tiempo prolongado que esta requiere y a sus resultados de caracter parcial. El metodo de control adoptado se basa en el principio de la absorcion de ondas ultrasonicas por los distintos materiales. Dicha absorcion es funcion de la estructura del medio. Si {lambda} es pequena en comparacion col el tamano del grano G, la absorcion resultara debil mientras que si G es del orden de {lambda}/2, la absorcion sera muy considerable. Los primeros ensayos se efectuaron en aire, utilizando ecos multiples y midiendo la altura del primer eco; los siguientes se realizaron por transmision en agua, comparando la altura del eco transmitido con la del inicial. En el control industrial, se compara la amplitud del eco transmitido por el material con la del obtenido usando una probeta patron sometida al tratamiento correcto, de la misma composicion y de igual forma geometrica. La inspeccion se realiza en una maquina especial; los materiales se hacen girar mediante roldanas y los transductores orientables se desplazan a lo largo del elemento. La exploracion helicoidal se lleva a cabo con un paso inferior a 5 mm. El generador de ondas ultrasonicas comprende un sistema de regulacion que mantiene constante la intensidad del eco de referencia. Se presenta una serie de registros obtenidos con diversas aleaciones y, en particular, defectos observados en elementos tratados por induccion durante el avance lineal. Se detectan zonas de tratamiento deficiente, de area inferior a 1 cm{sup 2}. En la actualidad se controlan de esta manera todos los combustibles aleados de bajo contenido de uranio destinados a los reactors G2, EL3, EDF1, EDF2 e INCA, es decir, barras y tubos con diametros comprendidos entre 20 y 95 mm. (author) [Russian] Chtoby dobit'sja luchshego rezhima raboty reaktorov, v kotoryh ispol'zujutsja slegka legirovannye splavy urana, chasto voznikaet neobhodimost' izmel'chat' zerna termicheskoj obrabotkoj. Pri jetom okazalos' neobhodimym osushhestvljat' kontrol' za vsemi jelementami i za vsem proizvodstvom, chtoby tochno znat' kachestvo ispol'zovannogo topliva. Jetot kontrol' nevozmozhno osushhestvljat' cherez mikrografiju, tak kak on zanimaet mnogo vremeni i ne daet polnyh rezul'tatov. Kontrol prinjatyj v jadernom centre, osnovan na principe pogloshhenija ul'trazvukov materialami. Dannoe pogloshhenie svjazano so strukturoj sredy. Esli znachenie Xmalo po sravneniju s velichinoj zerna {lambda}, to pogloshhenie slaboe, a esli G sostavljaet porjadka {lambda}/2, to pogloshhenie ochen' sil'noe. Vse pervye opyty provodili v vozduhe na osnove analiza mnogokratnyh jeho i zatem izmerjali vysoty pervogo jeha. Dalee izmerenie provodili v vode. Pri jetom sravnivali vysoty propushhennogo i pervonachal'nogo jeha. Pri promyshlennom kontrole sravnivaetsja amplituda jeha, propushhennogo cherez material, s jehom, poluchennym na horosho obrabotannom jetalone togo zhe tipa i toj zhe geometricheskoj formy. Ispytanie provodili v special'noj ustanovke, kogda materialy zapuskali v rotaciju s pomoshh'ju rolikov, a napravljaemye preobrazovateli peremeshhali vdol' jelementa. Vintovoe skennirovanie osushhestvljali pri shage menee 5 mm. V ul'trazvukovom generatore imeetsja sistema regulirovanija,kotoraja podderzhivaet kontrol'noe jeho. Privoditsja serija zapisej po razlichnym splavam, i v chastnosti govoritsja o defektah, nabljudaemyh u jelementov, kotorye byli obrabotany indukciej vo vremja prohozhdenija. Obnaruzhivajutsja ploho obrabotannye uchastki razmerom menee 1 sm{sup 2} . V nastojashhee vremja podobnym obrazom osushhestvljaetsja kontrol' za vsemi tipami topliva v vide slegka legirovannyh uranovyh splavov, primenjaemyh v reaktorah G2 EL3,EF1 EdF2 i INCA, inymi slovami, kontrolirujutsja vse sterzhni i trubki s diametrom mezhdu 20 i 95 mm. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1965}
month = {Oct}
}