Abstract
China is experiencing intense air pollution caused in large part by anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen. These emissions result in the deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with implications for human and ecosystem health, greenhouse gas balances and biological diversity. However, information on the magnitude and environmental impact of N deposition in China is limited. Here we use nationwide data sets on bulk N deposition, plant foliar N and crop N uptake (from long-term unfertilized soils) to evaluate N deposition dynamics and their effect on ecosystems across China between 1980 and 2010. We find that the average annual bulk deposition of N increased by approximately 8 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare (P < 0.001) between the 1980s (13.2 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare) and the 2000s (21.1 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare). Nitrogen deposition rates in the industrialized and agriculturally intensified regions of China are as high as the peak levels of deposition in northwestern Europe in the 1980s, before the introduction of mitigation measures. Nitrogen from ammonium (NH4+) is the dominant form of N in bulk deposition, but the rate of increase is largest for deposition of N from nitrate (NO3-), in agreement with decreased
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Liu, Xuejun;
Zhang, Ying;
Han, Wenxuan;
Tang, Aohan;
Shen, Jianlin;
Cui, Zhenling;
Christie, Peter;
Zhang, Fusuo;
[1]
Vitousek, Peter;
[2]
Erisman, Jan Willem;
[3]
Goulding, Keith;
[4]
Fangmeier, Andreas
[5]
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 (China)
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States)
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam (Netherlands)
- The Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ (United Kingdom)
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart (Germany)
Citation Formats
Liu, Xuejun, Zhang, Ying, Han, Wenxuan, Tang, Aohan, Shen, Jianlin, Cui, Zhenling, Christie, Peter, Zhang, Fusuo, Vitousek, Peter, Erisman, Jan Willem, Goulding, Keith, and Fangmeier, Andreas.
Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China.
Netherlands: N. p.,
2013.
Web.
doi:10.1038/NATURE11917.
Liu, Xuejun, Zhang, Ying, Han, Wenxuan, Tang, Aohan, Shen, Jianlin, Cui, Zhenling, Christie, Peter, Zhang, Fusuo, Vitousek, Peter, Erisman, Jan Willem, Goulding, Keith, & Fangmeier, Andreas.
Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China.
Netherlands.
https://doi.org/10.1038/NATURE11917
Liu, Xuejun, Zhang, Ying, Han, Wenxuan, Tang, Aohan, Shen, Jianlin, Cui, Zhenling, Christie, Peter, Zhang, Fusuo, Vitousek, Peter, Erisman, Jan Willem, Goulding, Keith, and Fangmeier, Andreas.
2013.
"Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China."
Netherlands.
https://doi.org/10.1038/NATURE11917.
@misc{etde_22110205,
title = {Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China}
author = {Liu, Xuejun, Zhang, Ying, Han, Wenxuan, Tang, Aohan, Shen, Jianlin, Cui, Zhenling, Christie, Peter, Zhang, Fusuo, Vitousek, Peter, Erisman, Jan Willem, Goulding, Keith, and Fangmeier, Andreas}
abstractNote = {China is experiencing intense air pollution caused in large part by anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen. These emissions result in the deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with implications for human and ecosystem health, greenhouse gas balances and biological diversity. However, information on the magnitude and environmental impact of N deposition in China is limited. Here we use nationwide data sets on bulk N deposition, plant foliar N and crop N uptake (from long-term unfertilized soils) to evaluate N deposition dynamics and their effect on ecosystems across China between 1980 and 2010. We find that the average annual bulk deposition of N increased by approximately 8 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare (P < 0.001) between the 1980s (13.2 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare) and the 2000s (21.1 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare). Nitrogen deposition rates in the industrialized and agriculturally intensified regions of China are as high as the peak levels of deposition in northwestern Europe in the 1980s, before the introduction of mitigation measures. Nitrogen from ammonium (NH4+) is the dominant form of N in bulk deposition, but the rate of increase is largest for deposition of N from nitrate (NO3-), in agreement with decreased ratios of NH3 to NOx emissions since 1980. We also find that the impact of N deposition on Chinese ecosystems includes significantly increased plant foliar N concentrations in natural and semi-natural (that is, non-agricultural) ecosystems and increased crop N uptake from long-term-unfertilized croplands. China and other economies are facing a continuing challenge to reduce emissions of reactive nitrogen, N deposition and their negative effects on human health and the environment.}
doi = {10.1038/NATURE11917}
journal = []
volume = {494}
journal type = {AC}
place = {Netherlands}
year = {2013}
month = {Feb}
}
title = {Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China}
author = {Liu, Xuejun, Zhang, Ying, Han, Wenxuan, Tang, Aohan, Shen, Jianlin, Cui, Zhenling, Christie, Peter, Zhang, Fusuo, Vitousek, Peter, Erisman, Jan Willem, Goulding, Keith, and Fangmeier, Andreas}
abstractNote = {China is experiencing intense air pollution caused in large part by anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen. These emissions result in the deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with implications for human and ecosystem health, greenhouse gas balances and biological diversity. However, information on the magnitude and environmental impact of N deposition in China is limited. Here we use nationwide data sets on bulk N deposition, plant foliar N and crop N uptake (from long-term unfertilized soils) to evaluate N deposition dynamics and their effect on ecosystems across China between 1980 and 2010. We find that the average annual bulk deposition of N increased by approximately 8 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare (P < 0.001) between the 1980s (13.2 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare) and the 2000s (21.1 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare). Nitrogen deposition rates in the industrialized and agriculturally intensified regions of China are as high as the peak levels of deposition in northwestern Europe in the 1980s, before the introduction of mitigation measures. Nitrogen from ammonium (NH4+) is the dominant form of N in bulk deposition, but the rate of increase is largest for deposition of N from nitrate (NO3-), in agreement with decreased ratios of NH3 to NOx emissions since 1980. We also find that the impact of N deposition on Chinese ecosystems includes significantly increased plant foliar N concentrations in natural and semi-natural (that is, non-agricultural) ecosystems and increased crop N uptake from long-term-unfertilized croplands. China and other economies are facing a continuing challenge to reduce emissions of reactive nitrogen, N deposition and their negative effects on human health and the environment.}
doi = {10.1038/NATURE11917}
journal = []
volume = {494}
journal type = {AC}
place = {Netherlands}
year = {2013}
month = {Feb}
}