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Design and construction of a fast critical facility; Etude et construction d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides; Proektirovanie i sooruzhenie kriticheskoj sborki na bystrykh nejtronakh; Proyecto u construccion de un conjunto critico de neutrones rapidos

Abstract

Design and construction of a fast critical facility. In a fast-power-reactor development programme, a critical facility is found to be a highly useful tool to ascertain calculational techniques, to verify neutron cross-section sets, and to obtain integral reactor-physics parameters necessary for the nuclear design of a power system. Since it is primarily a physics instrument, the design of a fast critical facility itself poses a number of different problems not found in the design of a power reactor. In addition to usual questions of site, containment, core design and instrumentation , there arise such problems as: how to obtain a large degree of flexibility consistent with safety, the determination of the size and type of facility to meet the experimental physics requirements, the determination of the number and location of control and safety rods minimizing perturbation effects and the specification of the reproducibility of control rods and other movable components to obtain the accuracy required in reactivity measurements. These are some of the problems which are discussed in this paper based on recent experience at the Argonne National Laboratory which has under construction a fast critical facility, ZPR-VI at its Lemont, Illinois site for fast-reactor-physics studies. The ZPR-VI is a  More>>
Authors:
Kato, W Y; Dates, L R [1] 
  1. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)
Publication Date:
Mar 15, 1962
Product Type:
Conference
Report Number:
IAEA-SM-18/40
Resource Relation:
Conference: Seminar on Physics of Fast and Intermediate Reactors, Vienna (Austria), 3-11 Aug 1961; Other Information: 6 refs, 5 figs; Related Information: In: Physics of Fast and Intermediate Reactors. V. I. Proceedings of the Seminar on the Physics of Fast and Intermediate Reactors. V. I| 500 p.
Subject:
21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS; ACCURACY; ANL; CERMETS; CONSTRUCTION; CONTAINMENT; CONTROL ELEMENTS; CROSS SECTIONS; DESIGN; DISTURBANCES; METALS; NEUTRONS; POWER REACTORS; REACTIVITY; REACTOR CORES; REACTOR INSTRUMENTATION; REACTOR OPERATION; REACTOR PHYSICS; SCRAM RODS; ZPR-3 REACTOR
OSTI ID:
22072708
Research Organizations:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)
Country of Origin:
IAEA
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ISSN 0074-1884; TRN: XA12S0199032443
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 295-312
Announcement Date:
Mar 14, 2013

Citation Formats

Kato, W Y, and Dates, L R. Design and construction of a fast critical facility; Etude et construction d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides; Proektirovanie i sooruzhenie kriticheskoj sborki na bystrykh nejtronakh; Proyecto u construccion de un conjunto critico de neutrones rapidos. IAEA: N. p., 1962. Web.
Kato, W Y, & Dates, L R. Design and construction of a fast critical facility; Etude et construction d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides; Proektirovanie i sooruzhenie kriticheskoj sborki na bystrykh nejtronakh; Proyecto u construccion de un conjunto critico de neutrones rapidos. IAEA.
Kato, W Y, and Dates, L R. 1962. "Design and construction of a fast critical facility; Etude et construction d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides; Proektirovanie i sooruzhenie kriticheskoj sborki na bystrykh nejtronakh; Proyecto u construccion de un conjunto critico de neutrones rapidos." IAEA.
@misc{etde_22072708,
title = {Design and construction of a fast critical facility; Etude et construction d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides; Proektirovanie i sooruzhenie kriticheskoj sborki na bystrykh nejtronakh; Proyecto u construccion de un conjunto critico de neutrones rapidos}
author = {Kato, W Y, and Dates, L R}
abstractNote = {Design and construction of a fast critical facility. In a fast-power-reactor development programme, a critical facility is found to be a highly useful tool to ascertain calculational techniques, to verify neutron cross-section sets, and to obtain integral reactor-physics parameters necessary for the nuclear design of a power system. Since it is primarily a physics instrument, the design of a fast critical facility itself poses a number of different problems not found in the design of a power reactor. In addition to usual questions of site, containment, core design and instrumentation , there arise such problems as: how to obtain a large degree of flexibility consistent with safety, the determination of the size and type of facility to meet the experimental physics requirements, the determination of the number and location of control and safety rods minimizing perturbation effects and the specification of the reproducibility of control rods and other movable components to obtain the accuracy required in reactivity measurements. These are some of the problems which are discussed in this paper based on recent experience at the Argonne National Laboratory which has under construction a fast critical facility, ZPR-VI at its Lemont, Illinois site for fast-reactor-physics studies. The ZPR-VI is a movable half- or split-table-type machine similar to ZPR-III. It has a matrix about two and a half times the volume of the earlier machine and will be used to investigate the physics of large, highly dilute, metal and cermet, unmoderated and partially moderated systems having core volumes up to about 1500 l. A detailed description of the ZPR-VI with a discussion on the criteria used in the design of its various components from the point of view of reactor physics is presented. In addition, such topics as management and operating procedures, potential hazards during operation, experimental techniques to be used and construction costs are also included. (author) [French] Etude et construction d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides. On considere que dans un programme de mise au point de reacteurs a neutrons rapides, un ensemble critique fournit un moyen tres utile de verifier les methodes de calculs, les ensembles de sections efficaces neutroniques et d'obtenir l'ensemble des parametres physiques necessaires a la conception d'un reacteur de puissance. Puisqu'il s'agit avant tout d'un instrument de physique, la realisation d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides implique la solution d'un certain nombre de problemes qui sont tres differents de ceux que pose un reacteur de puissance. Outre les problemes habituels de site, de confinement, de construction du coeur et d'appareillage, il faut resoudre des problemes tels que les suivants: associer une grande souplesse a la securite, determiner les dimensions et le type de l'appareil qui convient le mieux aux besoins de la physique experimentale, determiner le nombre et l'emplacement de barres de controle et de securite en vue de reduire au minimum les effets perturbateurs, assurer la reproductibilit e d'emploi des barres de controle et autres elements mobiles en vue d'obtenir la pre- cision necessaire dans les mesures de la reactivite. Ces problemes sont parmi ceux qui sont decrits dans le memoire, qui decoule de l'experience acquise dernierement au Laboratoire national d'Argonne; ce dernier fait construire actuellement au Centre de Lemont (Illinois) un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides, le ZPR-YI, destine aux etudes de physique d'un reacteur a neutrons rapides. Le ZPR-VI est du type a coeur divise, comme le ZPR-III. Le volume de sa matrice est 2,5 fois superieur a celui de la matrice du modele precedent; il servira a etudier les proprietes physiques de grands reacteurs, hautement dilues, a combustibles metalliques et ceramiques, non ralentis et partiellement ralentis, avec un coeur dont le volume peut atteindre 1500 l environ. Les auteurs donnent une description detaillee du ZPR-VI et analysent les criteres qui ont servi a mettre au point ses elements du point de vue de la physique des reacteurs. Ils presentent egalement des considerations sur le mode d'exploitation et de fonctionnement, sur les risques de manipulation, sur les methodes d'experiences qu'il convient d'utiliser et sur le cout de la construction. (author) [Spanish] Los conjuntos criticos constituyen auxiliares sumamente valiosos en los programas de perfeccionamiento de los reactores rapidos de potencia. Con ellos se pueden comprobar tecnicas de calculo y series de secciones eficaces neutronicas, y se obtienen los parametros fisicos necesarios para el proyecto de reactores de potencia. Como se trata primordialmente de un instrumento de fisica, el diseno del propio conjunto critico de neutrones rapidos implica la solucion de problemas que difieren radicalmente de los que se plantean en el diseno de los reactores de potencia. Ademas de las cuestiones habituales de emplazamiento, confinamiento, proyecto del cuerpo y del instrumental, se plantean problemas como el de alcanzar un elevado grado de flexibilidad en la aplicacion sin detrimento de la seguridad, hallar las dimensiones y el tipo de conjunto mas adecuado para satisfacer las necesidades de la fisica experimental, determinar el numero y la posicion de las barras de control y de seguridad para reducir a un minimo los efectos perturbadores y asegurar la reproducibilidad en el empleo de las barras de control y otros elementos moviles para lograr la precision requerida en la medicion de la reactividad. La memoria discute estos y otros problemas basandose en la experiencia adquirida en el Argonne National Laboratory, que en su centro de Lemont, Illinois, esta construyendo un conjunto critico de neutrones rapidos, el ZPR-VI, destinado a la realizacion de estudios sobre la fisica de los reactores rapidos. El ZPR-VI es del tipo de cuerpo dividido, como el ZPR-III. El volumen de su matriz es 2,5 veces superior al de la matriz del modelo anterior y servira para estudiar las propiedades fisicas de los grandes reactores, altamente diluidos, de com- bustible metalico o ceramico, desprovistos de moderador o parcialmente moderados, con cuerpos de hasta 1500 l de volumen. Los autores describen detalladamente el ZPR-VI y analizan los criterios seguidos en el diseno de sus diversos componentes desde el punto de vista de la fisica de reactores. Asimismo, formulan algunas observaciones acerca de los procedimientos de explotacion y manejo del reactor, los peligros que se pueden presentar durante su funcionamiento, las tecnicas experimentales que conviene emplear y los costos de construccion. (author) [Russian] V programme razrabotki ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh kriticheskaya sborka yavlyaetsya ves'ma poleznym sredstvom dlya kontrolirovani ya vychislitel'nykh metodov, proverki sbornikov sechenij nejtronov i polucheniya vsekh parametrov reaktornoj fiziki, neobkhodimykh dlya proektirovaniya yadernoj ehnergeticheskoj sistemy. 'Poskol'ku ona yavlyaetsya prezhde vsego fizicheskoj sistemoj, proektirovanie kriticheskoj sborki stavit samo po sebe ryad trudnykh problem, ne vstrechayushchikhsya pri proektirovanii ehnergeticheskogo reaktora. Krome obychnykh voprosov, svyazannykh s mestoraspolozheniem , obolochkoj reaktora, raschetom aktivnoj zony i kontrol'no-izmeritel'nym i priborami, voznikayut takie problemy, kak dostizhenie vysokoj stepeni gibkosti, sovmestimoj s bezopasnost'yu, opredelenie razmerov i tipa ustanovki, udovletvoryayushchi kh trebovaniyam ehksperimental'noj fiziki, opredelenie chisla i razmeshcheniya reguliruyushchikh i avarijnykh sterzhnej, svodyashchikh k minimumu posledstviya vozmushchenij, i spetsifikatsiya vosproizvodimost i reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej i drugikh podvizhnykh komponentov s tem, chtoby obespechit' toch- nost', neobkhodimuyu pri izmereniyakh reaktivnosti. EHto lish' nekotorye iz problem, kotorye obsuzhdayutsya v nastoyashchem doklade, osnovannom na poslednem ehksperimente v Argonnskoj natsional'noj laboratorii, gde sooruzhaetsya kriticheskaya sborka na bystrykh nejtronakh - ZPR-VI na ee stantsii po izucheniyu fiziki reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh v Lemonte, shtat Illinojs. ZPR-VI yavlyaetsya ustrojstvom s dvumya dvizhushchimisya polovinami aktivnoj zony, kotoroe analogichno reaktoru ZPR-III. On imeet ob'em priblizitel'no v dva s polovinoj raza prevyshayushchij ob'em bolee rannego reaktora, i budet ispol'zovat'sya dlya issledovanij fiziki krupnykh sistem na sil'no razbavlennom toplive, metallicheskom i metallokeramichesko m toplive, bez zamedleniya ili s chastichnym zamedleniem, imeyushchim ob'emy aktivnoj zony priblizitel'no do 1500 litrov. V doklade budet dano podrobnoe opisanie ZPR-VI i budut obsuzhdeny kriterii, kotorye ispol'zovalis' pri proektirovanii ego razlichnykh komponentov s tochki zreniya reaktornoj fiziki. Krome togo, v doklad budut vklyucheny takie voprosy, kak upravlenie i ehkspluatatsiya, potentsial'naya opasnost' vo vremya ehkspluatatsii, ehksperimental'ny e metody i stoimost' stroitel'stva. (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1962}
month = {Mar}
}