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Preliminary experiments on the use of radioactive indicators in macromolecular chemistry; Experiences preliminaires sur l'utilisation des indicateurs radioactifs en chimie macromoleculaire; Predvaritel'nye opyty ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh indikatorov v makromolekulyarnoj khimii; Ensayos preliminares sobre el empleo de indicadores radiactivos en quimica macromolecular

Abstract

In studies of osmotic phenomena with high polymers, two causes of error are particularly important: (a) Diffusion of low-molecular-weight polymers across the membrane; (b) Polymer adsorption on the membrane. For investigations on both these phenomena radiotracer methods present decisive advantages over the classical and far less sensitive gravimetric procedures. The polymer used in the authors' experiments was a hetero-disperse sample of (poly) chloro-butyl acrylate which was ionically chlorinated with Cl{sup 36} starting from a sample of (poly)butyl acrylate. This polymer was dissolved in acetone. Diffusion chambers similar to twin-cell osmometers were set up. Cellophane membranes with permeabilities of 6.7 x 10{sup -5} h{sup -1} to 30.6 x 10{sup -5} h{sup -1} separated the solution from the solvent. It was found that: (a) With our apparatus, about two hundred hours were necessary to reach an equilibrium or steady state in diffusion experiments; (b) The fraction of polymer diffusing through the membrane in a given time was independent of the concentration; (c) The amount of polymer diffusing was related to the permeability of the membrane; (d) A practically irreversible adsorption of polymer on the membrane was observed (30 to 40 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}). (author) [French] Dans les etudes sur les phenomenes osmotiques avec  More>>
Authors:
De Brouckere, L; Van Leemput, R; Stein, R [1] 
  1. Laboratoire de Chimie Generale II, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)
Publication Date:
Mar 15, 1962
Product Type:
Conference
Resource Relation:
Conference: Conference on the Use of Radioisotopes in the Physical Sciences and Industry, Copenhagen (Denmark), 6-17 Sep 1960; Other Information: 1 fig., 2 tabs, 9 refs; Related Information: In: Radioisotopes in the Physical Sciences and Industry. Proceedings of the Conference on the Use of Radioisotopes in the Physical Sciences and Industry. V. III| 652 p.
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 07 ISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES; ACRYLATES; ADSORPTION; CELLOPHANE; DIFFUSION CHAMBERS; MEMBRANES; PERMEABILITY; POLYMERS; SOLVENTS
OSTI ID:
22025722
Research Organizations:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris (France)
Country of Origin:
IAEA
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ISSN 0074-1884; TRN: XA12N1738113015
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
page(s) 187-194
Announcement Date:
Jan 17, 2013

Citation Formats

De Brouckere, L, Van Leemput, R, and Stein, R. Preliminary experiments on the use of radioactive indicators in macromolecular chemistry; Experiences preliminaires sur l'utilisation des indicateurs radioactifs en chimie macromoleculaire; Predvaritel'nye opyty ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh indikatorov v makromolekulyarnoj khimii; Ensayos preliminares sobre el empleo de indicadores radiactivos en quimica macromolecular. IAEA: N. p., 1962. Web.
De Brouckere, L, Van Leemput, R, & Stein, R. Preliminary experiments on the use of radioactive indicators in macromolecular chemistry; Experiences preliminaires sur l'utilisation des indicateurs radioactifs en chimie macromoleculaire; Predvaritel'nye opyty ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh indikatorov v makromolekulyarnoj khimii; Ensayos preliminares sobre el empleo de indicadores radiactivos en quimica macromolecular. IAEA.
De Brouckere, L, Van Leemput, R, and Stein, R. 1962. "Preliminary experiments on the use of radioactive indicators in macromolecular chemistry; Experiences preliminaires sur l'utilisation des indicateurs radioactifs en chimie macromoleculaire; Predvaritel'nye opyty ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh indikatorov v makromolekulyarnoj khimii; Ensayos preliminares sobre el empleo de indicadores radiactivos en quimica macromolecular." IAEA.
@misc{etde_22025722,
title = {Preliminary experiments on the use of radioactive indicators in macromolecular chemistry; Experiences preliminaires sur l'utilisation des indicateurs radioactifs en chimie macromoleculaire; Predvaritel'nye opyty ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh indikatorov v makromolekulyarnoj khimii; Ensayos preliminares sobre el empleo de indicadores radiactivos en quimica macromolecular}
author = {De Brouckere, L, Van Leemput, R, and Stein, R}
abstractNote = {In studies of osmotic phenomena with high polymers, two causes of error are particularly important: (a) Diffusion of low-molecular-weight polymers across the membrane; (b) Polymer adsorption on the membrane. For investigations on both these phenomena radiotracer methods present decisive advantages over the classical and far less sensitive gravimetric procedures. The polymer used in the authors' experiments was a hetero-disperse sample of (poly) chloro-butyl acrylate which was ionically chlorinated with Cl{sup 36} starting from a sample of (poly)butyl acrylate. This polymer was dissolved in acetone. Diffusion chambers similar to twin-cell osmometers were set up. Cellophane membranes with permeabilities of 6.7 x 10{sup -5} h{sup -1} to 30.6 x 10{sup -5} h{sup -1} separated the solution from the solvent. It was found that: (a) With our apparatus, about two hundred hours were necessary to reach an equilibrium or steady state in diffusion experiments; (b) The fraction of polymer diffusing through the membrane in a given time was independent of the concentration; (c) The amount of polymer diffusing was related to the permeability of the membrane; (d) A practically irreversible adsorption of polymer on the membrane was observed (30 to 40 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}). (author) [French] Dans les etudes sur les phenomenes osmotiques avec de hauts polymeres, deux causes d'erreurs sont particulierement importants : a) La diffusion des polymeres de faible poids moleculaire a travers la membrane; b) L'adsorption des polymeres sur la membrane. Pour les recherches sur ces deux phenomenes, la methode des radiotraceurs presente des avantages decisifs par rapport aux procedes gravi metriques classiques, beaucoup moins sensibles. Le polymere utilise dans les experiences des auteurs etait un echantillon a dispersion heterogene acrylate de (poly) chloro-butyle, obtenu par chlorruation ionique d'un echantillon d'acrylate de (poly)butyle avec du chlore-36. Ce polymere etait dissous dans de l'acetone. On a utilise des chambres de diffusion analogues aux osmometres a cellules jumelles. Des membranes de cellophane de permeabilite 6,7 {center_dot} 10{sup -5} h{sup -1} a 30,6 {center_dot} 10{sup -5} h{sup -1} separaient la solution du solvant. On a constate: a) Qu'avec l'appareil utilise dans les experiences de diffusion, il fallait environ deux cents heures pour atteindre un etat d'equilibre ou un etat stationnaire; b) Que la fraction de polymere se diffusant a travers la membrane dans un temps donne etait independante de la concentration; c) Que la quantite de polymere diffuse variait en fonction de la permeabilite de la membrane; d) Qu'il se produisait une adsorption pratiquement irreversible du polymere sur la membrane (30 a 40 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}). (author) [Spanish] Las dos principales fuentes de error cuando se estudian fenomenos osmoticos con polimeros de elevado peso molecular son: a) la difusion de polimeros de bajo peso molecular a traves de la membrana; b) la adsorcion de polimeros en la membrana. Los metodos que emplean trazadores radiactivos para la investigacion de estos dos fenomenos ofrecen ventajas decisivas sobre los procedimientos gravimetricos clasicos, que son mucho menos sensibles. El polimero empleado por los autores consistio en una muestra heterodispersa de policloroacrilato de butilo obtenido por el oracion ionica del poliacrilato de butilo con {sup 36}Cl. Este polimero se utilizo disuelto en acetona. Los autores emplearon camaras de difusion, semejantes a osmomotros de celulas gemelas. La solucion quedaba separada del disolvente por membranas de celofan de permeabilidades de 6,7 x 10{sup -5} h{sup -1} a 30,6 x 10{sup -5} h{sup -1}. Han llegado a las conclusiones siguientes: a) con el aparato empleado en los experimentos de difusion, se precisan unas 200 horas para alcanzar un estado de equilibrio o un regimen estacionario; b) la fraccion de polimero que difunde a traves de la membrana en un tiempo determinado es independiente de la concentracion; c) la cantidad de polimero que se difunde depende de la permeabilidad de la membrana; d) se observa una adsorcion practicamente irreversible del polimero en la membrana (30 a 40 {mu}g cm{sup 2}). (author) [Russian] Pri izuchenii osmoticheskikh yavlenij s ispol'zovaniem vysokikh polimerov osoboe znachenie predstavlyayut dve prichiny oshibok: a) diffuziya nizkomolekulyarnykh polimerov cherez membranu; b) adsorbtsiya polimera na membrane. Dlya issledovaniya oboikh ehtikh yavlenij metod radioaktivnykh indikatorov predstavlyaet nesomnennye preimushchestva nad obychnymi i gorazdo menee chuvstvitel'nymi vesovymi metodami. V provedennykh avtorami doklada opytakh byl ispol'zovan geterodispersnyj obrazets polimera (poli)-khlorobutilakrilata, kotoryj byl khlorirovan s pomoshch'yu Cl{sup 36} posredstvom ionizatsii, iskhodya iz obraztsa (poli)-butilakrilata. Ehtot polimer rastvo- ryaetsya v atsetone. Byli postroeny diffuzionnye kamery, analogichnye dvuyacheechnym osmometram. Rastvor otdelyalsya ot rastvoritelya tselofanovymi membranami, obrabotannymi tak, chtoby davat' pronitsaemost' ot 6,7 x 10{sup -5} ch{sup -1} do 30,6 x 10{sup -5} ch{sup -1} Bylo najdeno, chto: a) s nashim oborudovaniem ponadobilos' okolo 200 chasov dlya togo, chtoby v opytakh diffuzii dostich' ravnovesiya ili ustojchivogo sostoyaniya; b) dolya polimera, diffundiruyushchaya cherez membranu v opredelennyj promezhutok vremeni, ne zavisit ot kontsentratsii; c) kolichestvo diffundiruyushchego polimera zavisit ot pronitsaemosti membrany; d) nablyudalas' pochti neobratimaya adsorbtsiya polimera na membrane (30-40 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}). (author)}
place = {IAEA}
year = {1962}
month = {Mar}
}