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The significance of fibroblast growth factors 8, 17, and 18 and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 for malignant behaviour of hepatocarcinoma cells

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the most frequent type of primary liver cancer and is the fifth most common cancer type worldwide. Effective therapeutic options are still limited to early cancer stages, resulting in a high mortality. Etiological factors for this disease are well known and it is widely accepted that most of the HCCs develop on the base of a chronic inflammatory liver disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HCC are still incompletely understood. Aberrant fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-mediated signaling plays an important part in growth autonomy and tumor progression in a wide variety of cancer types. Thus far, the role of FGFs in HCC has only been studied in part. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the members of the FGF8-subfamily (FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18) and the FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) to the malignant behaviour of hepatocarcinoma cell lines. In this study one or more FGF8-subfamily members were found to be upregulated in the tissue of the majority (20/34) of human HCC cases studied. Endogenous mRNA levels of FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18 in hepatocarcinoma cell lines were increased further when cells had been subjected to serum withdrawal or hypoxia. Furthermore,  More>>
Authors:
Publication Date:
Jul 01, 2010
Product Type:
Thesis/Dissertation
Resource Relation:
Other Information: Thesis (Ph.D.)
Subject:
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE; ANOXIA; DNA REPLICATION; FIBROBLASTS; GENOTYPE; GROWTH FACTORS; HEPATOMAS; IN VITRO; LIVER; LIVER CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; MICE; PATHOGENESIS; RECEPTORS; ANIMAL CELLS; ANIMALS; BODY; CARCINOMAS; CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM; DISEASES; GLANDS; MAMMALS; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MITOGENS; NEOPLASMS; NUCLEIC ACID REPLICATION; NUCLEIC ACIDS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANS; PROTEINS; RNA; RODENTS; SOMATIC CELLS; VERTEBRATES
OSTI ID:
21592856
Research Organizations:
University of Vienna (Austria)
Country of Origin:
Austria
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
TRN: AT1202033071001
Availability:
Available from Vienna University, Library and archive services, Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring 1, 1010 Vienna (AT)
Submitting Site:
INIS
Size:
123 pages
Announcement Date:
Sep 06, 2012

Citation Formats

Gauglhofer, C L. The significance of fibroblast growth factors 8, 17, and 18 and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 for malignant behaviour of hepatocarcinoma cells. Austria: N. p., 2010. Web.
Gauglhofer, C L. The significance of fibroblast growth factors 8, 17, and 18 and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 for malignant behaviour of hepatocarcinoma cells. Austria.
Gauglhofer, C L. 2010. "The significance of fibroblast growth factors 8, 17, and 18 and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 for malignant behaviour of hepatocarcinoma cells." Austria.
@misc{etde_21592856,
title = {The significance of fibroblast growth factors 8, 17, and 18 and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 for malignant behaviour of hepatocarcinoma cells}
author = {Gauglhofer, C L}
abstractNote = {Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the most frequent type of primary liver cancer and is the fifth most common cancer type worldwide. Effective therapeutic options are still limited to early cancer stages, resulting in a high mortality. Etiological factors for this disease are well known and it is widely accepted that most of the HCCs develop on the base of a chronic inflammatory liver disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HCC are still incompletely understood. Aberrant fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-mediated signaling plays an important part in growth autonomy and tumor progression in a wide variety of cancer types. Thus far, the role of FGFs in HCC has only been studied in part. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the members of the FGF8-subfamily (FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18) and the FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) to the malignant behaviour of hepatocarcinoma cell lines. In this study one or more FGF8-subfamily members were found to be upregulated in the tissue of the majority (20/34) of human HCC cases studied. Endogenous mRNA levels of FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18 in hepatocarcinoma cell lines were increased further when cells had been subjected to serum withdrawal or hypoxia. Furthermore, addition of recombinant FGF8, FGF17, or FGF18 suppressed the elevated apoptotic activity of starved cells and activated the MAPK pathway. These findings suggest that FGF8-family members may act as survival factors in liver tumors suffering from insufficient blood supply due to rapid growth. Accordingly, knock-down of endogenous FGF18 expression reduced the viability and the clone formation capacity of the cell lines. In addition, FGF8, FGF17, and/or FGF18 enhanced growth in tumor-associated myofibroblasts and induced DNA replication of hepatic endothelial cells. This points towards a role of FGF8-family members in the epithelial-mesenchymal interplay between the various cell types of HCC. FGFR4, which is expressed at high levels in human hepatocytes, was found to be further upregulated in a subset of human HCC cases. Characterization of the FGFR4 genotype in healthy individuals and in patients suffering from premalignant liver disease or HCC showed that the presence of a SNP in codon 388 of FGFR4 (G388R polymorphism) predisposes for the development of liver malignancy. For mechanistic investigation either the wildtype or mutated form of FGFR4 was overexpressed in hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Wildtype FGFR4 had only minor effects on the growth of the cell lines but strongly enhanced anchorage-independent growth of cells and induced tumorigenicity in a non-tumorigenic cell line. Overexpression of the mutated receptor form had an even more pronounced effect on anchorage-independent growth, but did not affect tumorigenicity. Knockdown of endogenous FGFR4 expression by siRNA led to reduced clone formation capacity of hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Cells were also adenovirally infected with dominant-negative FGFR4 constructs being either kinase-dead or encoding for the soluble extracellular domain of FGFR4, which binds and neutralizes FGFR4-ligands. This led to reduced cell viability and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and lowered tumor formation in SCID mice. To conclude, FGFR4 contributes to the malignant behaviour of hepatocarcinoma cells and its effects may be aggravated by the G388R polymorphism. Therefore, downregulation of FGFR4 appears to be a promising approach for HCC therapy. (author) [German] Das hepatozellulaere Karzinom (HCC), welches die haeufigste Form von primaerem Leberkrebs darstellt, ist die fuenft-haeufigste Krebserkrankung weltweit. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass nur fruehe Stadien der Erkrankung erfolgreich behandelt werden koennen, ist HCC von einer hohen Mortalitaet gekennzeichnet. Die zugrundeliegenden Risikofaktoren wurden eingehend untersucht und es ist bekannt, dass sich ein Groayteil der Tumore als Folge von chronisch-entzuendlichen Lebererkrankungen entwickelt; dennoch ist die molekulare Pathogenese noch nicht vollstaendig aufgeklaert. Anomales Signaling von Mitgliedern der Familie der Fibroblasten Wachstumsfaktoren (FGF) leistet einen substantiellen Beitrag zu autonomen Zellwachstum und Tumorprogression in vielen Tumorarten. Die Bedeutung der FGF fuer HCC wurde bisher nur zum Teil aufgeklaert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde daher die Rolle von FGF8, FGF17 und FGF18 (FGF8-Familie) und des FGF-Rezeptors 4 (FGFR4) in HCC untersucht. Untersuchungen von humanen Tumorgewebeproben zeigten, dass in der Mehrzahl (20/34) der Faelle zumindest ein Faktor der FGF8-Familie ueberexpremiert wurde. In Hepatokarzinomzelllinien stieg die endogene Expression der Faktoren nach Serumentzug oder Hypoxie erheblich an, und Zugabe von rekombinanten FGF8, FGF17 oder FGF18 verringerte die Apoptoseaktivitaet in gestarvten Zellen und aktivierte den MAPK Signalweg. Diese Daten zeigen, dass diese Wachstumsfaktoren moeglicherweise als Survivalfaktoren in Lebertumoren, in denen oft nur unzureichende Blutzufuhr vorliegt, fungieren. Damit uebereinstimmend erniedrigte ein Knock-down der endogenen FGF18-Expression die Zellvitalitaet und Klonbildung. Weiters regten FGF8, FGF17 und FGF18 das Wachstum von Tumor-assoziierten Myofibroblasten und die DNA-Replikation von Leberendothelzellen an, was auf eine Rolle der FGF8-Familie in den epithelial-mesenchymalen Wechselwirkungen zwischen den verschiedenen Zelltypen im hepatozellulaeren Karzinom hinweist. Humane Tumorproben zeigten erhoehte Expression des Rezeptors FGFR4, der auch in nicht-malignen Hepatozyten stark expremiert wird. Genotypisierung von gesunden Personen und Patienten mit praemalignen Lebererkrankungen oder HCC zeigte, dass das Vorliegen eines Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Codon 388 des FGFR4 (G388R-Polymorphismus) eine Praedisposition fuer die Entwicklung von HCC darstellt. Fuer weitere mechanistische Untersuchungen wurde entweder die Wildtypform oder die mutierte Form von FGFR4 in Hepatokarzinomzelllinien ueberexpremiert. ueberexpression des Wildtyp FGFR4 hatte nur geringe Auswirkungen auf das Zellwachstum, steigerte dafuer aber die anchorage-unabhaengige Klonbildung der Zellen im Softagar-Assay und induzierte Tumorwachstum im SCID-Maus-Modell in einer urspruenglich nicht tumorigenen Zelllinie. Im Vergleich dazu wurde durch ueberxpression der mutierten FGFR4-form die Klonbildung in Soft Agar Assay noch weiter verstaerkt. Im Gegensatz zum Wildtyp wurde allerdings die Tumorigenitaet der Zellen nicht erhoeht. Wie erwartet, fuehrte ein Knock-down der endogenen FGFR4-Expression durch siRNA zu verminderter Klonbildung. Adenovirale Infektion mit dominant-negativen FGFR4 Konstrukten reduzierte die Zellvitalitaet und das anchorage-unabhaengige Wachstum in vitro und verringerte auayerdem das Tumorwachstum der Zellen im SCID-Maus-Modell. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Untersuchungen in dieser Arbeit, dass die FGFR4-Expression das anchorage-unabhaengige Wachstum und die Tumorigenitaet von Hepatokarzinomzellen stark beeinflusst und dass diese Effekte zum Teil durch den G388R-Polymorphismus moduliert werden. Diese Daten zeigen, dass FGFR4 ein vielversprechendes Target fuer die Behandlung von HCC sein koennte. (author)}
place = {Austria}
year = {2010}
month = {Jul}
}