Abstract
The compound 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A-DNT) was evaluated under laboratory conditions in the Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) to assess the potential for reptile toxicity. Oral LD{sub 50} values were 1406 and 1867 mg/kg for male and female lizards, respectively. Based on responses from a 14-day subacute study, a 60-day subchronic experiment followed where lizards were orally dosed at 0, 5, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg/kg-d. At day 60, number of days and survivors, food consumption, and change in body weight were inversely related to dose. Signs of toxicity were characterized by anorexia and generalized cachexia. Significant adverse histopathology was observed in hepatic tissue at {>=}15 mg/kg-d, consistent with hepatocellular transdifferentiation. Based on survival, loss of body weight, diminished food intake, changes in liver, kidney, and testes, and increased blood urea nitrogen, these data suggest a LOAEL of 15 mg/kg-d and a NOAEL of 5 mg/kg-d in S. occidentalis. - Research highlights: Oral LD{sub 50} (mg/kg) values were 1406 for male and 1867 for female lizards. Dose-dependent hepatocellular transdifferentiation was observed at {>=}5 mg/kg-d. Chromaturia in 2A-DNT and the parent TNT suggest biomarkers of exposure and effect. Health effects of metabolites support comprehensive ecological risk assessments. - The Western fence lizard (Sceloporus
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McFarland, Craig A., E-mail: craig.a.mcfarland@us.army.mi;
[1]
Quinn, Michael J;
[1]
Boyce, John;
[2]
LaFiandra, Emily M;
Bazar, Matthew A;
[1]
Talent, Larry G;
[3]
Johnson, Mark S
[1]
- US Army Public Health Command (Prov), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 (United States)
- Biotechnics, LLC, Hillsborough, NC 27278 (United States)
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 (United States)
Citation Formats
McFarland, Craig A., E-mail: craig.a.mcfarland@us.army.mi, Quinn, Michael J, Boyce, John, LaFiandra, Emily M, Bazar, Matthew A, Talent, Larry G, and Johnson, Mark S.
Toxic effects of oral 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene in the Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis).
United Kingdom: N. p.,
2011.
Web.
doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.018.
McFarland, Craig A., E-mail: craig.a.mcfarland@us.army.mi, Quinn, Michael J, Boyce, John, LaFiandra, Emily M, Bazar, Matthew A, Talent, Larry G, & Johnson, Mark S.
Toxic effects of oral 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene in the Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis).
United Kingdom.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.018
McFarland, Craig A., E-mail: craig.a.mcfarland@us.army.mi, Quinn, Michael J, Boyce, John, LaFiandra, Emily M, Bazar, Matthew A, Talent, Larry G, and Johnson, Mark S.
2011.
"Toxic effects of oral 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene in the Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)."
United Kingdom.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.018.
@misc{etde_21500306,
title = {Toxic effects of oral 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene in the Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)}
author = {McFarland, Craig A., E-mail: craig.a.mcfarland@us.army.mi, Quinn, Michael J, Boyce, John, LaFiandra, Emily M, Bazar, Matthew A, Talent, Larry G, and Johnson, Mark S}
abstractNote = {The compound 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A-DNT) was evaluated under laboratory conditions in the Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) to assess the potential for reptile toxicity. Oral LD{sub 50} values were 1406 and 1867 mg/kg for male and female lizards, respectively. Based on responses from a 14-day subacute study, a 60-day subchronic experiment followed where lizards were orally dosed at 0, 5, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg/kg-d. At day 60, number of days and survivors, food consumption, and change in body weight were inversely related to dose. Signs of toxicity were characterized by anorexia and generalized cachexia. Significant adverse histopathology was observed in hepatic tissue at {>=}15 mg/kg-d, consistent with hepatocellular transdifferentiation. Based on survival, loss of body weight, diminished food intake, changes in liver, kidney, and testes, and increased blood urea nitrogen, these data suggest a LOAEL of 15 mg/kg-d and a NOAEL of 5 mg/kg-d in S. occidentalis. - Research highlights: Oral LD{sub 50} (mg/kg) values were 1406 for male and 1867 for female lizards. Dose-dependent hepatocellular transdifferentiation was observed at {>=}5 mg/kg-d. Chromaturia in 2A-DNT and the parent TNT suggest biomarkers of exposure and effect. Health effects of metabolites support comprehensive ecological risk assessments. - The Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is a suitable reptile model for assessing the toxicity of energetic compounds and their metabolites.}
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.018}
journal = []
issue = {2}
volume = {159}
place = {United Kingdom}
year = {2011}
month = {Feb}
}
title = {Toxic effects of oral 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene in the Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)}
author = {McFarland, Craig A., E-mail: craig.a.mcfarland@us.army.mi, Quinn, Michael J, Boyce, John, LaFiandra, Emily M, Bazar, Matthew A, Talent, Larry G, and Johnson, Mark S}
abstractNote = {The compound 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A-DNT) was evaluated under laboratory conditions in the Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) to assess the potential for reptile toxicity. Oral LD{sub 50} values were 1406 and 1867 mg/kg for male and female lizards, respectively. Based on responses from a 14-day subacute study, a 60-day subchronic experiment followed where lizards were orally dosed at 0, 5, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg/kg-d. At day 60, number of days and survivors, food consumption, and change in body weight were inversely related to dose. Signs of toxicity were characterized by anorexia and generalized cachexia. Significant adverse histopathology was observed in hepatic tissue at {>=}15 mg/kg-d, consistent with hepatocellular transdifferentiation. Based on survival, loss of body weight, diminished food intake, changes in liver, kidney, and testes, and increased blood urea nitrogen, these data suggest a LOAEL of 15 mg/kg-d and a NOAEL of 5 mg/kg-d in S. occidentalis. - Research highlights: Oral LD{sub 50} (mg/kg) values were 1406 for male and 1867 for female lizards. Dose-dependent hepatocellular transdifferentiation was observed at {>=}5 mg/kg-d. Chromaturia in 2A-DNT and the parent TNT suggest biomarkers of exposure and effect. Health effects of metabolites support comprehensive ecological risk assessments. - The Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is a suitable reptile model for assessing the toxicity of energetic compounds and their metabolites.}
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.018}
journal = []
issue = {2}
volume = {159}
place = {United Kingdom}
year = {2011}
month = {Feb}
}