Abstract
The austenitic-ferritic steels are used in the PWR primary cooling system. At the running temperature (320 C), they are submitted to a slow aging, which leads to the embrittlement of the ferritic phase. This embrittlement leads to a decrease of the mechanical properties, in particular of the crack resistance of the austenitic-ferritic steels. The damage and rupture of the austenitic-ferritic steels have been approached at the ENSMP by the works of P. Joly (1992) and of L. Devilliers-Guerville (1998). These works have allowed to reveal a damage heterogeneity which induces a strong dispersion on the ductilities and the toughnesses as well as on the scale effects. Modeling including the damage growth kinetics measured experimentally, have allowed to verify these effects. Nevertheless, they do not consider the two-phase character of the material and do not include a physical model of the cleavage cracks growth which appear in the embrittled ferrite. In this study, is proposed a description of the material allowing to treat these aspects while authorizing the structure calculation. In a first part, the material is studied. The use of the ESBD allows to specify the complex morphology of these steels and crystal orientation relations between the two phases. Moreover,
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Citation Formats
Bugat, St.
Behaviour and damage of aged austenitic-ferritic steels: a micro-mechanical approach; Comportement et endommagement des aciers austeno-ferritiques vieillis: une approche micromecanique.
France: N. p.,
2000.
Web.
Bugat, St.
Behaviour and damage of aged austenitic-ferritic steels: a micro-mechanical approach; Comportement et endommagement des aciers austeno-ferritiques vieillis: une approche micromecanique.
France.
Bugat, St.
2000.
"Behaviour and damage of aged austenitic-ferritic steels: a micro-mechanical approach; Comportement et endommagement des aciers austeno-ferritiques vieillis: une approche micromecanique."
France.
@misc{etde_20912824,
title = {Behaviour and damage of aged austenitic-ferritic steels: a micro-mechanical approach; Comportement et endommagement des aciers austeno-ferritiques vieillis: une approche micromecanique}
author = {Bugat, St}
abstractNote = {The austenitic-ferritic steels are used in the PWR primary cooling system. At the running temperature (320 C), they are submitted to a slow aging, which leads to the embrittlement of the ferritic phase. This embrittlement leads to a decrease of the mechanical properties, in particular of the crack resistance of the austenitic-ferritic steels. The damage and rupture of the austenitic-ferritic steels have been approached at the ENSMP by the works of P. Joly (1992) and of L. Devilliers-Guerville (1998). These works have allowed to reveal a damage heterogeneity which induces a strong dispersion on the ductilities and the toughnesses as well as on the scale effects. Modeling including the damage growth kinetics measured experimentally, have allowed to verify these effects. Nevertheless, they do not consider the two-phase character of the material and do not include a physical model of the cleavage cracks growth which appear in the embrittled ferrite. In this study, is proposed a description of the material allowing to treat these aspects while authorizing the structure calculation. In a first part, the material is studied. The use of the ESBD allows to specify the complex morphology of these steels and crystal orientation relations between the two phases. Moreover, it is shown that the two phases keep the same crystal orientation in the zones, called bicrystals, whose size varies between 500 {mu}m and 1 mm. The study of the sliding lines, coupled to the ESBD, allows to specify too the deformation modes of the two phases. At last, tensile and tensile-compression tests at various deformation range are carried out to characterize the macroscopic mechanical behaviour of these materials. Then, a micro-mechanical modeling of the material behaviour is proposed. This one takes into account the three scales identified at the preceding chapter. The first scale, corresponding to the laths is described as a monocrystal whose behaviour includes both an isotropic and a kinematic strain hardening. In the second one, the bicrystal is represented either by a finite element method on a representative pattern or by a phenomenological mean fields model adjusted on the finite element method. The third one, the poly-crystal represents the aggregate of bicrystals, and is modelled by polycrystals classical models. The different parameters of the model are identified on monotonous tensile tests and on tensile-compression tests. The damage is then approached. The experiments show that the cleavage cracks appear preferentially at the intersection of the two gliding bands of the ferrite. These observations lead to propose a Cottrell model to represent the cleavage initiation. This model is then extrapolated in order to take into account the growth kinetics. Then is defined a density of the cleavage cracks for each of the three ferrite cleavage plans. The damage is by consequence anisotropic and can be represented by a damage tensor of the fourth order. An easy coupling model taking into account the damage tensor is proposed. At last, the rupture is represented by the Thomasen criteria. The damage model on the whole is introduced too into the calculation code. (O.M.)}
place = {France}
year = {2000}
month = {Dec}
}
title = {Behaviour and damage of aged austenitic-ferritic steels: a micro-mechanical approach; Comportement et endommagement des aciers austeno-ferritiques vieillis: une approche micromecanique}
author = {Bugat, St}
abstractNote = {The austenitic-ferritic steels are used in the PWR primary cooling system. At the running temperature (320 C), they are submitted to a slow aging, which leads to the embrittlement of the ferritic phase. This embrittlement leads to a decrease of the mechanical properties, in particular of the crack resistance of the austenitic-ferritic steels. The damage and rupture of the austenitic-ferritic steels have been approached at the ENSMP by the works of P. Joly (1992) and of L. Devilliers-Guerville (1998). These works have allowed to reveal a damage heterogeneity which induces a strong dispersion on the ductilities and the toughnesses as well as on the scale effects. Modeling including the damage growth kinetics measured experimentally, have allowed to verify these effects. Nevertheless, they do not consider the two-phase character of the material and do not include a physical model of the cleavage cracks growth which appear in the embrittled ferrite. In this study, is proposed a description of the material allowing to treat these aspects while authorizing the structure calculation. In a first part, the material is studied. The use of the ESBD allows to specify the complex morphology of these steels and crystal orientation relations between the two phases. Moreover, it is shown that the two phases keep the same crystal orientation in the zones, called bicrystals, whose size varies between 500 {mu}m and 1 mm. The study of the sliding lines, coupled to the ESBD, allows to specify too the deformation modes of the two phases. At last, tensile and tensile-compression tests at various deformation range are carried out to characterize the macroscopic mechanical behaviour of these materials. Then, a micro-mechanical modeling of the material behaviour is proposed. This one takes into account the three scales identified at the preceding chapter. The first scale, corresponding to the laths is described as a monocrystal whose behaviour includes both an isotropic and a kinematic strain hardening. In the second one, the bicrystal is represented either by a finite element method on a representative pattern or by a phenomenological mean fields model adjusted on the finite element method. The third one, the poly-crystal represents the aggregate of bicrystals, and is modelled by polycrystals classical models. The different parameters of the model are identified on monotonous tensile tests and on tensile-compression tests. The damage is then approached. The experiments show that the cleavage cracks appear preferentially at the intersection of the two gliding bands of the ferrite. These observations lead to propose a Cottrell model to represent the cleavage initiation. This model is then extrapolated in order to take into account the growth kinetics. Then is defined a density of the cleavage cracks for each of the three ferrite cleavage plans. The damage is by consequence anisotropic and can be represented by a damage tensor of the fourth order. An easy coupling model taking into account the damage tensor is proposed. At last, the rupture is represented by the Thomasen criteria. The damage model on the whole is introduced too into the calculation code. (O.M.)}
place = {France}
year = {2000}
month = {Dec}
}