Abstract
This works deals with the design of light rotary anodes used for the generation of X-rays in medical scanners. Such anodes are made of graphite coated with tungsten by low pressure plasma sputtering. The mechanical behaviour of these materials during intense thermo-mechanical solicitation has been studied. In a first step, the in-service conditions of solicitation are defined in terms of excitation frequency, temperature, deformation and deformation velocity. The analysis of used anodes has permitted to define the main modes of in-service damage. Tests were performed on small size samples over the complete temperature range between ambient temperature and 1800 deg. C. Carbon has shown a fragile elastic behaviour while tungsten has shown a more complex behaviour: elastic-fragile up to 400 deg. C, then plastic, and becoming creep sensible above 1200 deg. C. Original load paths have permitted to show the existence of an internal back-stress and a coupling between plastic and viscous deformations. The definition of an original phenomenological law of behaviour with a double inelastic, plastic and visco-plastic deformation and with an interaction term between both flow mechanisms has been necessary to describe the mechanical behaviour of tungsten. The cold-drawing generated by each flow is translated into kinematic variables.
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Citation Formats
Lemarchand, G.
Mechanical characterization and numerical modeling of a rotary X-ray anode; Caracterisation mecanique et simulation numerique d'une anode tournante de rayons X.
France: N. p.,
2003.
Web.
Lemarchand, G.
Mechanical characterization and numerical modeling of a rotary X-ray anode; Caracterisation mecanique et simulation numerique d'une anode tournante de rayons X.
France.
Lemarchand, G.
2003.
"Mechanical characterization and numerical modeling of a rotary X-ray anode; Caracterisation mecanique et simulation numerique d'une anode tournante de rayons X."
France.
@misc{etde_20793589,
title = {Mechanical characterization and numerical modeling of a rotary X-ray anode; Caracterisation mecanique et simulation numerique d'une anode tournante de rayons X}
author = {Lemarchand, G}
abstractNote = {This works deals with the design of light rotary anodes used for the generation of X-rays in medical scanners. Such anodes are made of graphite coated with tungsten by low pressure plasma sputtering. The mechanical behaviour of these materials during intense thermo-mechanical solicitation has been studied. In a first step, the in-service conditions of solicitation are defined in terms of excitation frequency, temperature, deformation and deformation velocity. The analysis of used anodes has permitted to define the main modes of in-service damage. Tests were performed on small size samples over the complete temperature range between ambient temperature and 1800 deg. C. Carbon has shown a fragile elastic behaviour while tungsten has shown a more complex behaviour: elastic-fragile up to 400 deg. C, then plastic, and becoming creep sensible above 1200 deg. C. Original load paths have permitted to show the existence of an internal back-stress and a coupling between plastic and viscous deformations. The definition of an original phenomenological law of behaviour with a double inelastic, plastic and visco-plastic deformation and with an interaction term between both flow mechanisms has been necessary to describe the mechanical behaviour of tungsten. The cold-drawing generated by each flow is translated into kinematic variables. The numerical identification of the parameters has been performed using an optimizer coupled to a finite element code which simulates the flexural test. The obtained law has been validated by the experimental observation of paths for complex loads. This behaviour law has been finally used to simulate the conditions of use of a real anode. An axisymmetrical 2-D mesh has permitted to calculate the constraints generated by the post-annealing cooling, by one and several series of radiographies and finally by a complete cooling after use. The repetition of radiographies rapidly leads to stabilized cycles. The calculated stress levels are realistic and remain inferior to the rupture resistance of the materials. This simulation can already be industrially used to evaluate the influence of a change in the anode geometry or in the conditions of in-service constraints. (J.S.)}
place = {France}
year = {2003}
month = {Apr}
}
title = {Mechanical characterization and numerical modeling of a rotary X-ray anode; Caracterisation mecanique et simulation numerique d'une anode tournante de rayons X}
author = {Lemarchand, G}
abstractNote = {This works deals with the design of light rotary anodes used for the generation of X-rays in medical scanners. Such anodes are made of graphite coated with tungsten by low pressure plasma sputtering. The mechanical behaviour of these materials during intense thermo-mechanical solicitation has been studied. In a first step, the in-service conditions of solicitation are defined in terms of excitation frequency, temperature, deformation and deformation velocity. The analysis of used anodes has permitted to define the main modes of in-service damage. Tests were performed on small size samples over the complete temperature range between ambient temperature and 1800 deg. C. Carbon has shown a fragile elastic behaviour while tungsten has shown a more complex behaviour: elastic-fragile up to 400 deg. C, then plastic, and becoming creep sensible above 1200 deg. C. Original load paths have permitted to show the existence of an internal back-stress and a coupling between plastic and viscous deformations. The definition of an original phenomenological law of behaviour with a double inelastic, plastic and visco-plastic deformation and with an interaction term between both flow mechanisms has been necessary to describe the mechanical behaviour of tungsten. The cold-drawing generated by each flow is translated into kinematic variables. The numerical identification of the parameters has been performed using an optimizer coupled to a finite element code which simulates the flexural test. The obtained law has been validated by the experimental observation of paths for complex loads. This behaviour law has been finally used to simulate the conditions of use of a real anode. An axisymmetrical 2-D mesh has permitted to calculate the constraints generated by the post-annealing cooling, by one and several series of radiographies and finally by a complete cooling after use. The repetition of radiographies rapidly leads to stabilized cycles. The calculated stress levels are realistic and remain inferior to the rupture resistance of the materials. This simulation can already be industrially used to evaluate the influence of a change in the anode geometry or in the conditions of in-service constraints. (J.S.)}
place = {France}
year = {2003}
month = {Apr}
}