Abstract
Measurements have been performed in a smooth Inconel tube of 2 mm ID and 2.5 mm OD, electrically heated on 300 mm by Joule effect (AC) The liquid enters the test section subcooled at the constant temperature of 25 deg. K of average; then it is heated till, most-often, complete vaporization. The conditions are: inlet pressure (subcritical) 8 atm (a number of experiences have been made under supercritical pressure of 16 atm), mass velocity 11 to 115 g/cm{sup 2}.s, heat flux density 9 to 385 W/cm{sup 2}, wall temperature reaching 800 deg. K. The liquid hydrogen used was composed of about 60 per cent of para-hydrogen (the transformation para-ortho does not happen in the process). A flow model, connected with the wall temperatures observed, is established. In the region of two-phase flow, the wall temperature highly decreases and passes through a minimum just when the steam quality reaches unity. A correlation for the heat transfer coefficients is given, in the two-phase flow region (steam quality from 0 to 1) and in the region of homogeneous gaseous phase (Reynolds varying from 15 000 to 420 000). Comparison with former correlations is also given. In the mixed-phase region, head losses due to
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Perroud, P;
Rebiere, J
[1]
- Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires
Citation Formats
Perroud, P, and Rebiere, J.
Forced convection of liquid hydrogen - part 2 - case of large temperature differences between the fluid and the wall - final report (cylindrical channel); Convection forcee de l'hydrogene liquide - 2. partie - cas de grands ecarts de temperatures entre fluide et paroi - rapport final (canal cylindrique).
France: N. p.,
1964.
Web.
Perroud, P, & Rebiere, J.
Forced convection of liquid hydrogen - part 2 - case of large temperature differences between the fluid and the wall - final report (cylindrical channel); Convection forcee de l'hydrogene liquide - 2. partie - cas de grands ecarts de temperatures entre fluide et paroi - rapport final (canal cylindrique).
France.
Perroud, P, and Rebiere, J.
1964.
"Forced convection of liquid hydrogen - part 2 - case of large temperature differences between the fluid and the wall - final report (cylindrical channel); Convection forcee de l'hydrogene liquide - 2. partie - cas de grands ecarts de temperatures entre fluide et paroi - rapport final (canal cylindrique)."
France.
@misc{etde_20771742,
title = {Forced convection of liquid hydrogen - part 2 - case of large temperature differences between the fluid and the wall - final report (cylindrical channel); Convection forcee de l'hydrogene liquide - 2. partie - cas de grands ecarts de temperatures entre fluide et paroi - rapport final (canal cylindrique)}
author = {Perroud, P, and Rebiere, J}
abstractNote = {Measurements have been performed in a smooth Inconel tube of 2 mm ID and 2.5 mm OD, electrically heated on 300 mm by Joule effect (AC) The liquid enters the test section subcooled at the constant temperature of 25 deg. K of average; then it is heated till, most-often, complete vaporization. The conditions are: inlet pressure (subcritical) 8 atm (a number of experiences have been made under supercritical pressure of 16 atm), mass velocity 11 to 115 g/cm{sup 2}.s, heat flux density 9 to 385 W/cm{sup 2}, wall temperature reaching 800 deg. K. The liquid hydrogen used was composed of about 60 per cent of para-hydrogen (the transformation para-ortho does not happen in the process). A flow model, connected with the wall temperatures observed, is established. In the region of two-phase flow, the wall temperature highly decreases and passes through a minimum just when the steam quality reaches unity. A correlation for the heat transfer coefficients is given, in the two-phase flow region (steam quality from 0 to 1) and in the region of homogeneous gaseous phase (Reynolds varying from 15 000 to 420 000). Comparison with former correlations is also given. In the mixed-phase region, head losses due to friction are negligible with the respect to the pressure drop due to the variation of momentum. This latter can be calculated with good approximation using one-dimensional model. The head losses in gaseous phase follows the classical laws. Physical properties of liquid hydrogen extracted from the most recent literature, are given in supplement. (authors) [French] Les mesures ont ete effectuees a l'aide d'un tube cylindrique lisse en inconel de 2 x 2,5 mm de diametre, chauffe electriquement sur une longueur de 300 mm par effet Joule (courant alternatif). Le liquide entre sous-refroidi a la temperature de 25 deg. K en moyenne; il est ensuite chauffe jusqu'a vaporisation complete le plus souvent. Le domaine explore est le suivant: pression d'entree (subcritique) 8 atm en moyenne (un certain nombre d'experiences ont ete faites sous pression supercritique de 16 atm), vitesse massique de 11 a 115 g/cm{sup 2}.s, densite de flux de chaleur de 9 a 385 W/cm{sup 2}, temperature de paroi atteignant 800 deg. K. L'hydrogene liquide utilise etait compose de 60 pour cent de parahydrogene environ (la transformation para-ortho n'intervient pas dans les echanges). Un modele d'ecoulement, en relation avec la temperature de paroi observee, est etabli. Dans la region ou l'ecoulement se fait en double-phase, la temperature de paroi decroit fortement et passe par un minimum au moment ou le titre de yapeur reel atteint l'unite. Une correlation des coefficients locaux d'echanges thermiques est presentee, d'une part dans la region en double-phase (titre variant de 0 a 1) et, d'autre part, dans la region en phase gazeuse homogene (Reynolds variant de 15 000 a 420 000). Comparaison avec les correlations anterieures est egalement donnee. Dans la region en phase mixte, la perte de charge par frottement est negligeable devant la chute de pression due a la variation de la quantite de mouvement. Cette derniere peut se calculer avec une bonne approximation a l'aide d'un modele unidimensionnel. La perte de charge en phase gazeuse obeit aux lois classiques. On donne en annexe les proprietes physiques de l'hydrogene liquide extraites de la litterature la plus recente. (auteurs)}
place = {France}
year = {1964}
month = {Jul}
}
title = {Forced convection of liquid hydrogen - part 2 - case of large temperature differences between the fluid and the wall - final report (cylindrical channel); Convection forcee de l'hydrogene liquide - 2. partie - cas de grands ecarts de temperatures entre fluide et paroi - rapport final (canal cylindrique)}
author = {Perroud, P, and Rebiere, J}
abstractNote = {Measurements have been performed in a smooth Inconel tube of 2 mm ID and 2.5 mm OD, electrically heated on 300 mm by Joule effect (AC) The liquid enters the test section subcooled at the constant temperature of 25 deg. K of average; then it is heated till, most-often, complete vaporization. The conditions are: inlet pressure (subcritical) 8 atm (a number of experiences have been made under supercritical pressure of 16 atm), mass velocity 11 to 115 g/cm{sup 2}.s, heat flux density 9 to 385 W/cm{sup 2}, wall temperature reaching 800 deg. K. The liquid hydrogen used was composed of about 60 per cent of para-hydrogen (the transformation para-ortho does not happen in the process). A flow model, connected with the wall temperatures observed, is established. In the region of two-phase flow, the wall temperature highly decreases and passes through a minimum just when the steam quality reaches unity. A correlation for the heat transfer coefficients is given, in the two-phase flow region (steam quality from 0 to 1) and in the region of homogeneous gaseous phase (Reynolds varying from 15 000 to 420 000). Comparison with former correlations is also given. In the mixed-phase region, head losses due to friction are negligible with the respect to the pressure drop due to the variation of momentum. This latter can be calculated with good approximation using one-dimensional model. The head losses in gaseous phase follows the classical laws. Physical properties of liquid hydrogen extracted from the most recent literature, are given in supplement. (authors) [French] Les mesures ont ete effectuees a l'aide d'un tube cylindrique lisse en inconel de 2 x 2,5 mm de diametre, chauffe electriquement sur une longueur de 300 mm par effet Joule (courant alternatif). Le liquide entre sous-refroidi a la temperature de 25 deg. K en moyenne; il est ensuite chauffe jusqu'a vaporisation complete le plus souvent. Le domaine explore est le suivant: pression d'entree (subcritique) 8 atm en moyenne (un certain nombre d'experiences ont ete faites sous pression supercritique de 16 atm), vitesse massique de 11 a 115 g/cm{sup 2}.s, densite de flux de chaleur de 9 a 385 W/cm{sup 2}, temperature de paroi atteignant 800 deg. K. L'hydrogene liquide utilise etait compose de 60 pour cent de parahydrogene environ (la transformation para-ortho n'intervient pas dans les echanges). Un modele d'ecoulement, en relation avec la temperature de paroi observee, est etabli. Dans la region ou l'ecoulement se fait en double-phase, la temperature de paroi decroit fortement et passe par un minimum au moment ou le titre de yapeur reel atteint l'unite. Une correlation des coefficients locaux d'echanges thermiques est presentee, d'une part dans la region en double-phase (titre variant de 0 a 1) et, d'autre part, dans la region en phase gazeuse homogene (Reynolds variant de 15 000 a 420 000). Comparaison avec les correlations anterieures est egalement donnee. Dans la region en phase mixte, la perte de charge par frottement est negligeable devant la chute de pression due a la variation de la quantite de mouvement. Cette derniere peut se calculer avec une bonne approximation a l'aide d'un modele unidimensionnel. La perte de charge en phase gazeuse obeit aux lois classiques. On donne en annexe les proprietes physiques de l'hydrogene liquide extraites de la litterature la plus recente. (auteurs)}
place = {France}
year = {1964}
month = {Jul}
}