Abstract
High-pressure x-ray diffraction made a quantum leap in the 1960's with the advent of the diamond-anvil cell. This ingenious device, where two opposing diamond faces apply pressure to a tiny sample, made it possible to replicate the pressure near the core of the Earth by turning a thumbscrew. Multianvil cells, such as the Japanese MAX80 press, were developed for combined high-pressure and high-temperature studies. The availability n at about the same time n of dedicated synchrotron radiation sources of hard x-rays was another big step forward. Since then, the white-beam energy-dispersive method has been the workhorse for high pressure, high-temperature x-ray diffraction, although it is now gradually being replaced by high-resolution monochromatic methods based on the image plate, the CCD camera or other electronic area detectors. The first part of the paper is a review of high-pressure x-ray diffraction (HPXRD), covering roughly the last three decades. Physical parameters, such as the bulk modulus, the compressibility and the equation of state, are defined. The diamond-anvil cell, the multianvil press and other high-pressure devices are described, as well as synchrotron radiation sources and recording techniques. Examples are drawn from current experimental and theoretical research on crystal structures of the spinel type. Accurate
More>>
Gerward, L;
[1]
Jiang, J Z;
[2]
Olsen, J S;
[3]
Recio, J M;
[4]
Wakowska, A
[5]
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby (Denmark)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China)
- Niels Bohr Institute, Oersted Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark)
- Departamento de QuImica FIsica y AnalItica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo (Spain)
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw (Poland)
Citation Formats
Gerward, L, Jiang, J Z, Olsen, J S, Recio, J M, and Wakowska, A.
X-ray diffraction at high pressure and high/low temperatures using synchrotron radiation. Applications in the study of spinel structures[Full text article has been submitted to the ''Journal of Alloys and Compounds'' (Elsevier)].
Poland: N. p.,
2004.
Web.
Gerward, L, Jiang, J Z, Olsen, J S, Recio, J M, & Wakowska, A.
X-ray diffraction at high pressure and high/low temperatures using synchrotron radiation. Applications in the study of spinel structures[Full text article has been submitted to the ''Journal of Alloys and Compounds'' (Elsevier)].
Poland.
Gerward, L, Jiang, J Z, Olsen, J S, Recio, J M, and Wakowska, A.
2004.
"X-ray diffraction at high pressure and high/low temperatures using synchrotron radiation. Applications in the study of spinel structures[Full text article has been submitted to the ''Journal of Alloys and Compounds'' (Elsevier)]."
Poland.
@misc{etde_20616761,
title = {X-ray diffraction at high pressure and high/low temperatures using synchrotron radiation. Applications in the study of spinel structures[Full text article has been submitted to the ''Journal of Alloys and Compounds'' (Elsevier)]}
author = {Gerward, L, Jiang, J Z, Olsen, J S, Recio, J M, and Wakowska, A}
abstractNote = {High-pressure x-ray diffraction made a quantum leap in the 1960's with the advent of the diamond-anvil cell. This ingenious device, where two opposing diamond faces apply pressure to a tiny sample, made it possible to replicate the pressure near the core of the Earth by turning a thumbscrew. Multianvil cells, such as the Japanese MAX80 press, were developed for combined high-pressure and high-temperature studies. The availability n at about the same time n of dedicated synchrotron radiation sources of hard x-rays was another big step forward. Since then, the white-beam energy-dispersive method has been the workhorse for high pressure, high-temperature x-ray diffraction, although it is now gradually being replaced by high-resolution monochromatic methods based on the image plate, the CCD camera or other electronic area detectors. The first part of the paper is a review of high-pressure x-ray diffraction (HPXRD), covering roughly the last three decades. Physical parameters, such as the bulk modulus, the compressibility and the equation of state, are defined. The diamond-anvil cell, the multianvil press and other high-pressure devices are described, as well as synchrotron radiation sources and recording techniques. Examples are drawn from current experimental and theoretical research on crystal structures of the spinel type. Accurate structural parameters have been determined at ambient conditions and at low temperatures using single-crystal diffraction and four-circle diffractometers. The uniform high-pressure behavior of the oxide spinels has been investigated in detail and compared with the corresponding behavior of selenium-based spinels. The synthesis of advanced novel materials is exemplified in the case of the cubic spinel Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}. This and other nitrogen spinels, which have a bulk modulus of about 300 GPa modulated by the actual cation, are opening a road towards superhard materials. The paper finishes off with an outlook into the future, where new challenges are waiting just around the corner. The VUV free-electron laser (FEL), based on a linear accelerator, will soon be available to the users. It will be followed by the x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL), pushing the available wavelength range down to about 0.1 nm. These radiation sources, which have an unprecedented brilliance, coherence and femtosecond time resolution, will certainly stimulate the development of new experimental and theoretical techniques for the study of materials under extreme conditions. (author)}
place = {Poland}
year = {2004}
month = {Jul}
}
title = {X-ray diffraction at high pressure and high/low temperatures using synchrotron radiation. Applications in the study of spinel structures[Full text article has been submitted to the ''Journal of Alloys and Compounds'' (Elsevier)]}
author = {Gerward, L, Jiang, J Z, Olsen, J S, Recio, J M, and Wakowska, A}
abstractNote = {High-pressure x-ray diffraction made a quantum leap in the 1960's with the advent of the diamond-anvil cell. This ingenious device, where two opposing diamond faces apply pressure to a tiny sample, made it possible to replicate the pressure near the core of the Earth by turning a thumbscrew. Multianvil cells, such as the Japanese MAX80 press, were developed for combined high-pressure and high-temperature studies. The availability n at about the same time n of dedicated synchrotron radiation sources of hard x-rays was another big step forward. Since then, the white-beam energy-dispersive method has been the workhorse for high pressure, high-temperature x-ray diffraction, although it is now gradually being replaced by high-resolution monochromatic methods based on the image plate, the CCD camera or other electronic area detectors. The first part of the paper is a review of high-pressure x-ray diffraction (HPXRD), covering roughly the last three decades. Physical parameters, such as the bulk modulus, the compressibility and the equation of state, are defined. The diamond-anvil cell, the multianvil press and other high-pressure devices are described, as well as synchrotron radiation sources and recording techniques. Examples are drawn from current experimental and theoretical research on crystal structures of the spinel type. Accurate structural parameters have been determined at ambient conditions and at low temperatures using single-crystal diffraction and four-circle diffractometers. The uniform high-pressure behavior of the oxide spinels has been investigated in detail and compared with the corresponding behavior of selenium-based spinels. The synthesis of advanced novel materials is exemplified in the case of the cubic spinel Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}. This and other nitrogen spinels, which have a bulk modulus of about 300 GPa modulated by the actual cation, are opening a road towards superhard materials. The paper finishes off with an outlook into the future, where new challenges are waiting just around the corner. The VUV free-electron laser (FEL), based on a linear accelerator, will soon be available to the users. It will be followed by the x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL), pushing the available wavelength range down to about 0.1 nm. These radiation sources, which have an unprecedented brilliance, coherence and femtosecond time resolution, will certainly stimulate the development of new experimental and theoretical techniques for the study of materials under extreme conditions. (author)}
place = {Poland}
year = {2004}
month = {Jul}
}