Abstract
Most cancer surgery and radiotherapy is based on the physical extent of the disease and not the biological extent. Most cancer chemotherapy is based on the clinical trials of the many and may or may not work in the individual. Nuclear Medicine treats the individual in whom it has provided evidence for uptake of the agent for therapy. Radiology requires a mass in tissue, displacing tissue, infiltrating tissue for contrast. Nuclear Medicine does not require a mass. It exploits the subtle differences between the cancer cell and the normal cell for identification. For cancer imaging, Nuclear Medicine has a considerable amplification factor. For the use of F-18 de-oxyglucose (FDG), the glucose transporter protein may be increased 5 - 10 times in the malignant cell and the hexokinase enzyme may be up-regulated 2-5 times. The Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detector may be a hundred fold more sensitive than a conventional gamma camera. For peptides, receptor expression may be increased 500- 10,000 times and antigen expression per cell for monoclonal antibodies between 5000 and 50,000 times. As well as the uptake, the residence time of the radiopharmaceutical is important so that what is taken up stays a sufficient length of time for
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Britton, K E;
[1]
Granowska, M
[2]
- St. Bartholomew's and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary College, University of London, London (United Kingdom)
- St. Bartholomew's Hospital and ICRF Nuclear Medicine Group (United Kingdom)
Citation Formats
Britton, K E, and Granowska, M.
Cancer find and treat the individual: The nuclear medicine approach.
IAEA: N. p.,
2002.
Web.
Britton, K E, & Granowska, M.
Cancer find and treat the individual: The nuclear medicine approach.
IAEA.
Britton, K E, and Granowska, M.
2002.
"Cancer find and treat the individual: The nuclear medicine approach."
IAEA.
@misc{etde_20314023,
title = {Cancer find and treat the individual: The nuclear medicine approach}
author = {Britton, K E, and Granowska, M}
abstractNote = {Most cancer surgery and radiotherapy is based on the physical extent of the disease and not the biological extent. Most cancer chemotherapy is based on the clinical trials of the many and may or may not work in the individual. Nuclear Medicine treats the individual in whom it has provided evidence for uptake of the agent for therapy. Radiology requires a mass in tissue, displacing tissue, infiltrating tissue for contrast. Nuclear Medicine does not require a mass. It exploits the subtle differences between the cancer cell and the normal cell for identification. For cancer imaging, Nuclear Medicine has a considerable amplification factor. For the use of F-18 de-oxyglucose (FDG), the glucose transporter protein may be increased 5 - 10 times in the malignant cell and the hexokinase enzyme may be up-regulated 2-5 times. The Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detector may be a hundred fold more sensitive than a conventional gamma camera. For peptides, receptor expression may be increased 500- 10,000 times and antigen expression per cell for monoclonal antibodies between 5000 and 50,000 times. As well as the uptake, the residence time of the radiopharmaceutical is important so that what is taken up stays a sufficient length of time for imaging and/or for therapy. A radioactive pinhead is identifiable if it has enough radioactivity on it and a detector sensitive enough to detect it. For tumours less than 1.5 cm in diameter, size is not the determinant of detection.}
journal = []
issue = {1}
volume = {1}
journal type = {AC}
place = {IAEA}
year = {2002}
month = {Oct}
}
title = {Cancer find and treat the individual: The nuclear medicine approach}
author = {Britton, K E, and Granowska, M}
abstractNote = {Most cancer surgery and radiotherapy is based on the physical extent of the disease and not the biological extent. Most cancer chemotherapy is based on the clinical trials of the many and may or may not work in the individual. Nuclear Medicine treats the individual in whom it has provided evidence for uptake of the agent for therapy. Radiology requires a mass in tissue, displacing tissue, infiltrating tissue for contrast. Nuclear Medicine does not require a mass. It exploits the subtle differences between the cancer cell and the normal cell for identification. For cancer imaging, Nuclear Medicine has a considerable amplification factor. For the use of F-18 de-oxyglucose (FDG), the glucose transporter protein may be increased 5 - 10 times in the malignant cell and the hexokinase enzyme may be up-regulated 2-5 times. The Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detector may be a hundred fold more sensitive than a conventional gamma camera. For peptides, receptor expression may be increased 500- 10,000 times and antigen expression per cell for monoclonal antibodies between 5000 and 50,000 times. As well as the uptake, the residence time of the radiopharmaceutical is important so that what is taken up stays a sufficient length of time for imaging and/or for therapy. A radioactive pinhead is identifiable if it has enough radioactivity on it and a detector sensitive enough to detect it. For tumours less than 1.5 cm in diameter, size is not the determinant of detection.}
journal = []
issue = {1}
volume = {1}
journal type = {AC}
place = {IAEA}
year = {2002}
month = {Oct}
}